IJaboticaba (noma iJaboticaba) yisihlahla samagilebhisi esivamile kuwo wonke amapulazi aseBrazil noma epulazini, njengezihlahla zangempela zomvini zisetshenziswa ezingxenyeni ezihlangene ezifundeni ezifudumele zaseRussia naseCIS. Eningizimu yeRussia, ezigodini zasemakhaya ezinezingadi zasebusika, izikhungo zokugcina izithombo zaseJabotikaba - umuthi owamukelekile. Kuyamangaza ukubukeka ngenxa yokuhleleka okungajwayelekile kwezimbali nezithelo, kuzokuhlobisa ngempumelelo futhi “kudle” izithelo ezimnandi zabasubathi, abakhombise ukubekezela nothando ngezitshalo ezingajwayelekile.
IJaboticaba, noma iJaboticaba (Myrciaria caulifloria).
Umsuka nendawo yokusabalalisa
UJaboticaba uqhamuka ezifundeni eziseningizimu yeBrazil, ungowomndeni we-myrtle. Phakathi kosomatekisi abaziwa ngokuthi yiMirziaria stem-flowered or stem-flowered. Kwezomatekisi bezitshalo - I-Myrciaria caulifloria. IJaboticaba ikhule endaweni yezimboni ezwenikazi laseMelika (eBolivia, eNyakatho ne-Argentina, eParaguay, e-Uruguay, ePeru, eCuba). Yaziwa nangokuthi yiJaboticaba.
Izici zemvelo
IJaboticaba ingeyeqembu lokuhlobisa elenza izitshalo ezinamahlahla ezihlala zilu-3 kuya ku-12 cm ubude, zakha amajikijolo amahle. Isici semvelo seJabotikaba ukukhula kancane. Ngakho-ke, zilungele isitsha esikhula ngendlela yesihlahla esincane noma i-bonsai efulethini noma olunye uhlobo lwendawo ebiyelwe (ingadi yesitsha, indawo yokuphumula ehhovisi, abamba ukushisa). Uma utshala isithombo, kuyodingeka ulinde isivuno seminyaka eyi-10-14. Eminyakeni yamuva, sibonga umsebenzi wabavunisi, ama-jabotikaba nzalo ezifuywayo, ezakha isivuno eneminyaka engama-4-6 ubudala.
Amagxolo esihlahla aphuzi ngombala obumpunga. Umqhele we-jabotikaba uyaqhuma, kepha mncane ngomthamo, ngoba amaqabunga, izimbali nezithelo zalo muthi ongaziwa zitholakala emahlumela angapheli, isiqu, namagatsha anamathambo. Ukuhlelwa kwezimbali nezithelo ngqo emagatsheni amathambo omqhele nesigaxa esibizwa ngokuthi yi-caulifloria.
Umqhele wesihlahla entwasahlobo umbozwe ngamaqabunga amancanyana anombala omude ombala omnandi opinki, ohambisana nephunga elimnandi le-myrtle. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-pink tint yamaqabunga e-jabotababa ingena eluhlaza okomnyama ogcwele satjani. Kancane kancane ukuwa ebusika, umuthi entwasahlobo kusuka ku-efihlekile endaweni efanayo yakha amaqabunga amasha.
IJaboticaba, noma iJaboticaba, noma isihlahla samagilebhisi saseBrazil ngesikhathi sezimbali.
Lesi sihlahla sihlotshiswe kahle ngezimbali ezizodwa eziphakathi nendawo eziqhakaza kaningana ngonyaka ngqo esiqwini nakwamagatsha alesi shlahla. Izimbali zeJabotababa ezivela ku-4 perianth petals, zizungeze ngokucophelela ama-stamens angama-60 kuma-stamens ayi-4 mm. Ngenxa yobuningi bezimbali, ingaphezulu lesiqu kanye namagatsha cishe akubonakali, futhi emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa izithelo ezincane ezincane eziyindilinga ziyavela, zifana nezimvukuzane.
Izithelo zithambile, zitholakala ngokucindezelwe ngokuqinile stem noma igatsha. Umbala uhlukile - luhlaza okotshani, obomvu, okhanyayo futhi onsomi onsomi noma omnyama. Izithelo - ijikijolo elimnandi elinamanzi kufika ku-4 cm, elimbozwe ngesikhumba esiminyene ngaphezulu. Ngaphakathi, kunezinhlamvu ezinkulu ezingama-2-5, lapho leli berry libizwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi i-Drupe. Amajikijolo avuthiwe anombala onsomi omnyama noma omnyama.
Ukuvunwa kweJabotababa ngokukhetha njengoba kuvuthwa. I-peel ine-aftertaste ebabayo ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo okuphezulu kwe-tannin. Ngakho-ke, kusetshenziswa kuphela uginindela okhishwe kuphela webheli ekudleni. Injeya-njenge-jelly, iswidi, ithenda kakhulu, ifana nokunambitha kwamagilebhisi. Amajikijolo avuthwa amasonto angama-3-4, umuthi ubeka isivuno esisha.
Izici eziwusizo zeJabotikaba
Izithelo zigcinwa zintsha izinsuku ezintathu, bese kuqala ukuvutshelwa kwewayini. Ngakho-ke, iJabotikabu isetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni iwayini nezinye iziphuzo ezinotshwala obuphansi. Ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa okusha kwamajikijolo, ujamu, amajusi, ama-marmalade kulungiselelwe, kusetshenziswe njengezithasiselo ku-ayisikhilimu nakwezinye izinto ezijabulisa kakhulu eziphezulu. Izithelo zisetshenziswa ekuphekeni amasoso wezitsha zenyama. I-peel ihlukaniswe kokuqukethwe kwe-berry, yomisiwe futhi isetshenziswe njengodayi ukunikeza umbala obomvu ojulile kum amajikijolo asetshenzisiwe (newayini, ujamu nabanye).
IJaboticaba akuyona nje umhlobiso wokuhlobisa ingaphakathi lekamelo, umkhiqizo wokudla, futhi inezindawo eziningi zokwelapha. Emithini yabantu, kusetshenziswa i-decoction yezithelo ezintsha noma ezomisiwe ekwelapheni ukuvuvukala okungapheli kwama-tonsils, ukuqunjelwa, kanye nokunciphisa ukuqina kwezifo ze-asthmatic. Ucwaningo olwenziwe ngokungemthetho olwenziwe ngokungemthetho lufakazele ukuthi ukwakheka kwezithelo kufaka izinto eziphilayo ezinamandla okuvikela umzimba womuntu ekwakhiweni kwamaseli amabi. Kulokhu, kuyasiza ukusebenzisa izithelo zejabotababa ekudleni njenge-prophylactic anti-cancer agent. Uma usetshenziswa ngendlela entsha futhi ecutshungulwayo, qaphela! Izithelo zinezakhiwo ezithile ze-allergenic futhi zingumkhiqizo ongabekezeleleki ngazinye. Qikelela ikakhulukazi lapho udla amajikijolo anesikhumba esiqukethe ubuthi obuthile.
Khula iJabotababa ekhaya
Ezindaweni ezingenasithwathwa kuphela ezingenaqhwa, i-jabotababa ingatshalwa endaweni evulekile. Ezindaweni, noma ngamafrimu amancane wesikhashana esincane, awusindisi. Kepha ngenxa yokuhlobisa, izihlahla ezincane ziya ngokubonakala ezindaweni ezivalekile, ezinqolobaneni, ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo, nasezindaweni zokuphumula zezikhungo zomphakathi. Ngokwenkimbinkimbi yokunakekelwa, ubuchwepheshe bezolimo abufani nakwamanye amasiko asezindaweni ezishisayo.
IJaboticaba, noma iJaboticaba embizeni.
Izidingo zemvelo zaseJabotababa
Ukuzalanisa ikhaya, kungcono ukuthenga izithombo ezingama-2-3 ezihlanganisiwe. Iminyaka engu-1-3 yobudala. Uma uthatha izimpande futhi uqale ukukhula kahle, ungashiya u-1, unikeze abanye bonke abanye. Ama-hybrids aqhakaza iminyaka engama-4-6, bese eqala ukwenza izithelo ngokuhlelekile, ezihlobisa ingaphakathi lefulethi futhi engeza nephunga elimnandi lomaki we-myrtle emoyeni. Njengamanye amasiko amaningi asezindaweni ezishisayo, ukukhula okujwayelekile nokukhula kwe-jabotababa, kudinga umthunzi oyingxenye futhi kuphela ekuseni nakusihlwa amahora amancane elangeni eliqondile.
Inhlabathi nokutshala
Lapho kukhula i-jabotababa ngaphakathi, ingxube yenhlabathi ilungiswa ngesisekelo se-peat, ihlathi nomhlaba wamaqabunga, i-humus nesihlabathi. Zonke izithako zomxube zithathwa ku-2, kanye ne-peat, humus nesihlabathi engxenyeni e-1. I-pH yenhlabathi kumele ingathathi hlangothi noma i-acidic kancane (5.5-6.0).
- Izithombo ezithengiwe zigxunyekwa amahora ama-4-5 kusisombululo sempande,
- bapheka izitsha nge-drainage enhle (ungqimba okungenani wama-5 cm kusuka kumakishi amakhulu kanye nohlobo lwamatshe). Ukulala okungu-1/3 kwengxube yomhlabathi wesithako
- hlola isithombo. Uma kunesidingo, nquma izimpande 1/3,
- isithombo esilungiselelwe sifakwa esitsheni futhi simbozwe ngokuphelele ngenhlanganisela yenhlabathi. Faka kancane inhlabathi ezungeze isiqu. Ukufakelwa kwenziwa ukuze intamo yezimpande isezingeni lomhlabathi. Ngemuva kokutshala, nisela isitshalo emaphethelweni esitsha. Ngemuva kwemizuzu engama-20-30, khipha amanzi ngokweqile epanini.
IJaboticaba, noma iJaboticaba embizeni.
Ukufakelwa kweJabotikaba kwenziwa njengoba kunesidingo, kaningi ngokukhula okukhulu kohlelo lwezimpande emthonjeni omncane webhodwe noma esitsheni senye into. Isitshalo esinempilo siyakwazi ukubekezelela izimpande ngaphandle kwesihlungu. Izitshalo zabantu abadala azidluliseli, kepha ziguqula kuphela inhlabathi engaphezulu.
Ukunisela iJabotababa
Ukomisa inhlabathi kuthinta kabi ukukhula nokukhula kwesitshalo. Ukuchelela ngakunye okwenziwa kwenziwa ngomisa ungqimba olungaphezulu lwe-1-3 cm yengxube yenhlabathi. Inhlabathi ethelisiwe ibanjisiwe. Ukusakazeka kwamanzi epanini akuvunyelwe. Amanzi okunisela asetshenziselwa ukufudumala, okubunjiwe.
Umanyolo nokufaka umquba
Ukusetshenziswa okuhleliwe komanyolo wamaminerali ogcwele noma oyinkimbinkimbi wezitshalo zokuhlobisa nezimbali kusheshisa ukukhula okuthe xaxa nokukhula kwezitshalo. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kufakwa kanye ngenyanga ngaphansi kokunisela ngesilinganiso se-10-30 g yomanyolo wesitshalo, ngokuya ngeminyaka. Zalisa izitshalo ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo-ehlobo. Ngokuwa, umthamo wokugqoka okuphezulu uyancishiswa. Ebusika, izitshalo azondli. Ehlobo, ukugqokwa phezulu kwe-foliar nge-trace element enokuqukethwe okuphoqelekile kwama-iron chelates kuyenziwa (ukuze ugweme i-chlorosis).
Jabotababa Crown Formation
IJaboticaba engxenyeni engenhla yomqhele yenza inqwaba yamagatsha zisetshenziswa kanzima. Amagatsha ngaphansi kwesisindo sawo angaqhuma futhi alimaze amahlumela angomakhelwane. Ukuze ugweme ukulimaza futhi wenze umqhele ube mncane, amagatsha aphezulu anganqunywa ngezikhathi ezithile, ngenkathi kususwa ukuqina nokuqina. IJaboticaba ithela izithelo kangcono nangobuningi kanye nomqhele omncane owucashile. Izihlahla kulula ukuthwala. Yisebenzise ngaphambi kokuqala kokukhula kwehlumela (ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo). Ukuthena ukuze uguqule umqhele cishe akuthinti isivuno somuthi.
Izithelo zaseJabotababa emagatsheni asemasha.
Izifo kanye Nezinambuzane zeJabotikaba
IJaboticaba ingonakaliswa yi-aphid kanye nezikhala zesicabucabu. Uma ngesikhathi kwenzeka izinambuzane, kulula ukuzisusa ngesihlambi esifudumele, esimboze inhlabathi esitsheni ngefilimu. Uma isikhathi silahleka, izitshalo zingalashwa ngezidakamizwa, kepha akunamakhemikhali, kepha zemvelo. Le mishanguzo yenziwa ngesisekelo sezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-microorganisms azuzisayo noma ama-metabolites omsebenzi wawo. Lokhu kufaka phytoverm, avertin, spark-bio, lepidocide, acarin nabanye. Kuyadingeka ukulungiselela izixazululo futhi ufeze ukufafaza ngokuqinile ngezincomo ezibekwe kwiphakheji noma eweni. Imikhiqizo emihle yemvelo yokuthi ayilimazi umzimba womuntu futhi ngemuva kwamahora angama-48 ngemuva kwesicelo, izithelo zingadliwa.
Uma uthatha isinqumo sokufaka i-jabotababu ekhoneni lakho lokuphumula, landela zonke izidingo zalezi zitshalo ezingafani nobuchwepheshe bokulima nokunakekela. Izitshalo zixakile futhi ekuphambukeni okuncane kusuka ezimfunweni ze-agrotechnical (ukuntuleka noma ukunisela ngokweqile, ukuthambisa, ukukhanyisa, izinga lokushisa, njll.) Kungafa ngokushesha.
