Umuthi weapula wekholamu ungunkulunkulu wabalimi, kodwa hhayi wonke umuntu ophumelela ekukhuleni lesi siko esinhlanhlathayo. Lesi sitshalo esihlanganisiwe asibekezeleli ubusika obunzima kanye nesimo sezulu esibanda isikhathi eside. Isilimo esihle kulula ukusilima endaweni efudumele yaseningizimu. Kepha abalimi abaningi bafunda izimfihlo zokukhula izihlahla ezinjalo zama-apula. Lezi zihlahla ezingajwayelekile, ngokunakekelwa okufanele, zingatshalwa esimweni sezulu esihlukile. Udinga ukwazi kuphela futhi ulandele yonke imithetho yokutshala nokukhula.
Izici zomuthi we-apula wekholomu
Lezi zihlahla ezingajwayelekile zinesiqu esisodwa; i-lateral branching cishe ayikho ngokuphelele. Amagatsha ambalwa akhula kuphela. Izihlahla zama-apula eziqhakazayo zivela kumahlamvu amafushane kakhulu. Isiqu sesihlahla ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza sifana nembali eyodwa enkulu, nangesikhathi sezithelo, sengathi wonke uhlotshiswe ngezithelo eziningi.
Umuthi we-applear wekholomu unokubukeka okuhle, kepha akuyona into esemqoka edonsela abalimi nabalimi. Lesi sihlahla sivele senzelwe iziza ezincane, ngoba sithatha isikhala esincane kakhulu. Kuzoba insindiso yangempela kulabo abanekotishi lasehlobo lincane, futhi isifiso sokutshala izitshalo eziningi zemifino ne-berry sikhulu.
Isihlahla se-apula esine-vertical trunk eyodwa ngeke sibe isithiyo kwezinye izitshalo; empeleni asenzi mthunzi emibhedeni eseduze. Lolu hlobo lwezihlahla zama-apula, ngokuya ngayo yonke imithetho yokuzinakekela, lithela isivuno esivele ngonyaka wesibili emva kokutshala izithombo. Futhi into ethokozisa kakhulu ukuthi kuyajabulisa ukuvuna ezihlahleni zalesi sakhiwo.
Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho batusa ukuthi labo abanquma ukuthola i-apple seedling enjalo banake ngokukhethekile ikhwalithi yabo lapho bethenga futhi bekhetha isihlalo esifanele. Isitshalo esizayo sizoncika kakhulu kulokhu.
Lungiselela ukuthenga isithombo, ubuke isithombe, ukhumbule umehluko wayo omkhulu kwezinye izithombo, ukuze ungenzi iphutha ngokuzikhethela. Izihlahla ezincane ze-apula zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zineziqu ezinkulu kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo. Isithombo asifanele sibe namagatsha asemuva, futhi ibanga ukusuka kwelinye ibanga liya kwelinye lincane kakhulu. Lapho ukhetha izihlahla zama-apula ezinhlobonhlobo, cabanga ngezimo zesimo sendawo yakho futhi uqiniseke ukuthola konke mayelana nokugoma okunikezwe isitshalo.
Indawo yokutshala isihlahla sama-apula kumele ikhethwe ngokukala konke okuhle nokubi. Le nhlobonhlobo yezihlahla inezinketho zayo nezidingo zayo, ngakho-ke yonke into kufanele icatshangwe ngokucophelela kule ndaba.
Ukutshala Isihlahla Sama-Apple Esiyisiyingi
Ukukhetha indawo efanelekile yokutshala isihlahla sama-apula, udinga ukwazi ukuthi empeleni ayimelani nokuhlelwa okungapheli. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukukhetha indawo eseduze nodonga lwendlu noma uthango oluphezulu futhi mhlawumbe ohlangothini oluseningizimu.
Isimo sesibili esibalulekile sokutshala inani elanele lokukhanya kwelanga. Uma ukukhanyisa kunganele, khona-ke isihlahla sizelulekela phezulu. Ngakho-ke, khetha indawo enelanga kuphela.
Futhi esinye isimo esidingekayo inhlabathi efudumele. Lapha kuzosetshenziswa ithuluzi lombhede ofudumele, ngeke ukwazi ukukwenza ngaphandle kwawo.
Isici esihlukile salezi zihlahla zama-apula uhlelo lwaso lwezimpande. Uzitholela umsoco odingekayo kuphela engxenyeni engenhla yenhlabathi, ngoba izimpande zakhe azijuli emhlabathini. Futhi lokhu kusho ukuthi umuthi uzodinga ukugqokwa okuphezulu kokungeziwe. Umuthi we-apula kuzodingeka wondliwe njalo nangokwakheka okukhethekile.
Uma unikezwe zonke lezi zimo zokutshala, isiphetho siziveza ukuthi umuthi we-apula wekholamu udinga izimo zokugcina ukushisa. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ku-greenhouse kuphela lapho kuhlala kunelanga futhi kufudumele, akukho okusalungiswa. Impela, yilezi zimo ezikhulayo lapho umuthi we-apula uzothela khona isivuno esikhulu. Kusukela kubalimi nabalimi abathenge izihlahla ezinhlobonhlobo zamaapula, uzodinga ukudala izimo ezifanayo. Uma lokhu kungenzeki, ngakho-ke kungcono ukungachithi isikhathi nomzamo.
Ngakho-ke, izithombo zithengiwe, kukhethwe indawo yokutshala, ungaqhubeka nokulungiswa kwemigodi yokutshala. Izihlahla ezincane zitshalwa entwasahlobo. Cishe inyanga ngaphambi kokwehla okuhleliwe, udinga ukugaya inani elidingekayo lemigodi kude nebanga le-1 imitha ukusuka komunye nomunye. Umgodi ngamunye wokufika kufanele ube nesikwele esilinganayo ngesimo (nohlangothi olungaba amasentimitha angamashumi amahlanu ngamunye) futhi ungabi ngaphansi kwengxenye yemitha ngokujula.
Njengoba isithombo sidinga inhlabathi efudumele, sihlela umbhede ofudumele ongezansi komgodi ngamunye. Isendlalelo sokuqala sizoba ngamabhodlela epulasitiki angenalutho (avaliwe). Zidinga ukugcotshwa ngomquba, kanti ngaphezulu kwawo kufakwa izingqimba zemfucumfucu eshintshashintshayo iyashintshana: kuqukethe i-nitrogen (inotshani nokudla imfucumfucu, amaqabunga neziqongo) nokuqukethe i-carbon (iphepha elingcolile nemfucuza encane yokhuni). Lapho umgodi wokufika ugcwaliswa phezulu, ushiywa wedwa inyanga eyodwa. Sishiywe isigodi esincane ngaphezulu komgodi.
Lapho kufika isikhathi sokutshala, izimpande zesithombo kufanele zisatshalaliswe ngokucophelela bese zibekwa. Qinisekisa ukuthi intamo yezimpande ayimboziwe ngenhlabathi. Uhlelo lwezimpande lwesihlahla sama-apula kufanele lumbozwe ngomquba olungiselelwe, luhlanganiswe kancane futhi lugcwaliswe ngamalitha amabili amanzi.
Ukunakekelwa nokutshala kwesihlahla se-apula skholomu
Ngonyaka wokuqala, isihlahla sijwayela indawo entsha, uhlelo lwayo lwezimpande luyakhula. Umuthi wama-apula awukakwazi ukuthela izithelo. Futhi noma kuvela izimbali eziningana, kufanele zisuswe, ngoba umuthi we-apula udinga ukukhula futhi uthole amandla.
Okufakwe emcabangweni wokunakekelwa kwe-apula futhi kubhekwa njengokuphoqelekile:
- Ukunisela nokugcina umswakama odingekayo.
- Ukugqoka okhethekile okuphezulu.
- Izihlahla nokubumba izihlahla zeapula.
- Ukuvikelwa ekuqothulweni kweqhwa (indawo yokuhlala).
Umhlabathi osezihlahleni zezihlahla kufanele ube womile njalo ngokulinganayo. Kungenzeka ukuthi ulondoloze leli zinga lomswakama ngosizo lokudonsa ngokuchelela noma ungqimba lwe-mulching.
Ukondla kudingeka kuchazwe ngemininingwane eminingi. Umuthi we-apula wekholomu udinga ukugqokwa njalo nokuhlukahluka okungaphezulu, okungenani kabili ngenyanga.
Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, umuthi udinga umanyolo oqukethe i-nitrogen (umquba wezinyoni noma wezilwane), ama-ovary ayinkimbinkimbi ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda, nomlotha (noma okunye ukufaka umanyolo nge-potassium) kungeniswa emhlabathini ekugcineni kwehlobo.
Ukufaka umanyolo kumele futhi kwenziwe ngendlela efanele, akwanele ukumane nje ukukusakaza emibuthanweni yesiqu. Umphumela ongemuhle ungavela. Zonke izakhamzimba ezithathwa umuthi we-apula kusuka ekugqokeni okuphezulu zizoya ekukhuleni kanye nasekugqabukeni kwamahlamvu, futhi zingatheli izithelo. Ngakho-ke, izinhlobo ezahlukene zomanyolo zisetshenziswa ngendlela yazo.
Ukwenza isibonelo, umquba kufanele ubekwe phezu kwenqwaba encane eduze kwesihlahla (ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi). Umanyolo wamaminerali kumele usetshenziswe ngaphansi kwenhlabathi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ngosizo lanoma yiliphi ithuluzi lengadi, umgodi omncane wenziwa isiyingi esiseduze, lapho ukugcotshwa okuphezulu kuthululelwa khona futhi kuchotshozwe ungqimba lomhlaba. Umuthi we-apula ngalezi zindlela uzothatha emhlabathini kuphela inani lezakhi zomzimba eziyidingayo.
Umanyolo oqukethe i-nitrogen udinga isihlahla se-aphula engxenyeni yokuqala yehlobo. Engxenyeni yesibili kaJulayi, izihlahla ziqala ukulungiselela isizini ebandayo bese zibeka izithelo, ngakho-ke azisadingi ukuchitha amandla ekukhuleni.
Ekwindla yokuqala, kuyadingeka ukususa wonke amaqabunga asele esihlahleni se-apula bese ucwebe isiqu. Le ntambo yokuvikela izogcina umswakama odingekayo ngaphakathi kwezinkuni.
Njengoba umuthi we-apula wekholomu uthambekele ekuqandeni, kuzodingeka ukumboza ngokucophelela izimpande zawo kanye ne-apical bud. Indawo yokuhlala ebusika enhle yomuthi izoba yi-lapnik, noma yiziphi izintwala noma impahla yophahla. Kusetshenziswa lezi zinto zokwakha, isihlahla sama-apula singakhiwa njenge "ndlu" engavikeleki kuphela emoyeni obandayo nomoya onamandla, kodwa futhi siyifihle iqhwa.
Ukuthena futhi kwakheke umuthi weapula wekholamu
Izihlahla zama-apula ezimise okoloni kwesinye isikhathi zikhula zibe ngamagatsha amancane ama-lateral adinga ukuthenwa. Kakade ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila, igatsha ngalinye elinjalo kufanelekile ukulisungula. Sika lezo zingxenye ezilandela izinso sesithathu. Kakade kwisizini ezayo, amahlumela anjalo ayakwazi ukunika izithelo ezinhle. Kwesinye isikhathi abalimi bakha iziqu ezimbili (ngisho nezintathu) esihlahleni se-apula. Uma phezulu kwesinye seziquku kuqala, khona-ke abanye bazosebenza njengomshuwalense futhi balondoloze isihlahla se-apula.
