Mayelana nomanyolo we-potash ngokuningiliziwe

Umanyolo wePotash, kanye nomanyolo we-phosphorus ne-nitrogen, kubaluleke kakhulu ezitshalweni, ngoba i-potassium iyinto ebalulekile kubona, omunye wemikhomo emithathu lapho impilo yonke yanoma yisiphi isitho siphumule khona, ngakho-ke akufanele ungakunaki ukusetshenziswa kukamanyolo we-potash nganoma yisiphi isimo, ikakhulukazi njengoba kunamanyolo amaningi aqukethe i-potassium, futhi ungakhetha uhlobo lomhlabathi olufanele kunazo zonke isiza sakho nezitshalo ezikhula kuso.

Yini umanyolo we-potash?

Umanyolo oqukethe i-potassium ekwakhekeni kwawo utholakala ku-potash ore, ovame ukumbiwa emvelweni ngokwemvelo. Umanyolo wePotash ungafakwa kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lomhlabathi, kufaka phakathi i-chernozem, inhlabathi yobumba, isihlabathi esinamatshe nesihlabathi.

Umanyolo wePotash, ucebisa inhlabathi nge-potassium, ufaka isandla esivamile ekuthuthweni koshukela ngokusebenzisa izicubu zezitshalo bese uqinisekisa ukuhamba okugcwele kwezinqubo zokudla okunempilo, futhi lokhu, kuholela ekwakhiweni kwezithelo ezakhiwe kahle, amajikijolo, imifino, enambitheka ejwayelekile ehambelana nezinhlobonhlobo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-potassium njengento elawula ukukhula kwamahlamvu enqwaba, lapho ichichima enhlabathini, izitshalo zinokungavikeleki okuqinile, okubavumela ukuba bamelane ngokuthembekile kuzo zombili izinambuzane nezifo ezahlukahlukene. Izithelo ezakhelwe ezitshalweni ezitshalwe enhlabathini ecebile ye-potassium zivame ukulondolozwa kangcono ebusika. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi i-potassium equkethwe kumanyolo we-potash, lapho ingena enhlabathini kanye nabo, imunwa izidalwa zezitshalo cishe ngokuphelele. Phakathi kokunye, umanyolo we-potash ngokujwayelekile ne-potassium ikakhulukazi uhambelana kahle namanye amaminerali, okuthi ngokuhlangana kuholele ekwakhiweni komanyolo onzima.

Amanyolo kaPotash okwamanje akhiqizwa kakhulu, ake sixoxe kabanzi ngemininingwane edumile ethengiswayo.

Potassium chloride

Ake siqale nge-potassium chloride. Uhlobo lwamakhemikhali lwe-potassium chloride yi-KCl. Igama elilodwa lisabisa abaningi, kungenzeka kanjani - ukuthi uluhlobo luni lomanyolo, oluqukethe ubuthi be-chlorine kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo. Kodwa-ke, akuyona yonke into embi kangako, ngaphezu kwe-chlorine, lo manyolo uqukethe i-potassium efinyelela ku-62% futhi lokhu kuhlanganiswa okuchazayo. Ukuze uvimbele izitshalo ukuthi zonakaliswe, i-potassium chloride kufanele ingeniswe ngaphambi kwesikhathi ukuze i-chlorine ingathathi hlangothi inhlabathi.

I-potassium chloride ingumanyolo ofanele we-potash wezitshalo eziningi ze-berry, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwayo okufanelekile kuzosetshenziswa ekwindla, uma ukuhlelela kwentwasahlobo kajikijolo noma izitshalo zezithelo kuhlelwa kulesi siza.

Ngaphambi kokutshala, akunakwenzeka ukwethula i-potassium chloride emigodini yokutshala noma izimbobo, lokhu kungaba nomthelela omubi kakhulu ezitshalweni.

I-potassium sulfate

Lo manyolo ubuye unegama lesibili - potassium sulfate. Indlela yamakhemikhali ye-potassium sulfate yi-K₂SO₄. Iningi labalimi, abalimi ngisho nabalimi bavumelana ngephuzu elilodwa: potassium sulfate yiwona umquba omuhle kakhulu we potash, uvame ukuqukethe i-potassium efinyelela kuma-50%. Kuphela i-potassium sulfate phakathi kwenqwaba yamanyolo aqukethe le nto ayinazinto ezinobuthi ekwakhekeni kwayo, akukho chlorine, akukho sodium futhi akukho-magnesium. Lokhu kugqoka okuphezulu kungasetjenziswa ngokuphepha lapho kutjalwa emgodini noma emgodini zombili ekwindla nasentwasahlobo.

Phakathi kokunye, i-potassium sulfate ivunyelwe ukuphazamisa amanye umanyolo, futhi lokhu ngeke kukwenze noma yini ukulimaza izidalwa zezitshalo. Vele, ungasebenzisi kabi imithamo futhi kungakuhle ukuthi uzibale ngokusekelwe kuzidingo zazo zomzimba wesitshalo esithile, ukwakheka kwenhlabathi nesikhathi sonyaka.

Imvamisa, ekwindla, ngaphansi kokumba inhlabathi, udinga ukwenza cishe ama-28- 32 g we-potassium sulfate ngesikwele semitha ngayinye yomhlaba, entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokutshala, kungakuhle ukuthi wehlise izinga lomanyolo ufike ku-4-6 g nge-skwele ngalinye lomhlaba.

I-potassium sulfate ingasetjenziswa njengomanyolo ingagcini nje ngomhlaba ovulekileko, kodwana nangama-greenhouse kanye nama-greenhouse. Usebenzisa i-potassium sulfate, ungafinyelela okunye ukwanda kweshukela kusithelo kanye namajikijolo, uthuthukise ukunambitheka kwawo, i-juiciness futhi ukwandise nokuqukethwe amavithamini.

Ukusuka ekungenisweni kwe-potassium sulfate, ukungavikeleki kwesitshalo kuyanda kanye nokumelana kwabo nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinto zokucindezela. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngemuva kokusetshenziswa kwe-potassium sulfate, izithelo eziqoqwa ezitshalweni ezikhula emhlabathini ovundisiwe azivamile ukuthinteka ngokubola okungwevu.

Usawoti we-potassium

Ukwakheka kwalomanyolo kunezinto ezimbili - lena yi-potassium chloride ne-sylvinite. Ngendlela, usawoti we-potassium utholakala ngokuxutshwa kwe-banal kwalezi zinto ezimbili. IPotassium kule manyolo icishe ibe yi-42%. Kunolunye uhlobo lukasawoti we-potassium oluthengiswayo - le yi-potassium chloride exutshwe ne-cainite, futhi izinga le-potassium kulo liphansi (ngo-10%).

Mayelana nokugqoka okungaphezulu, usawoti we-potassium mubi kakhulu kune-potassium chloride futhi futhi akunconywa ukuyisebenzisa ngaphansi kwezitshalo, ikakhulukazi uma zizwela chlorine.

Usawoti wePotassium ulungele kangcono ukumanzisa inhlabathi enesihlabathi, inhlabathi enesihlabathi, inhlabathi ye-peaty, ngoba le nhlabathi kungenzeka kakhulu kunabanye yokuntula i-potassium ekwakhiweni kwayo.

Kungcono ukwengeza usawoti we-potassium enhlabathini kahle ngesikhathi sekwindla futhi uyisebenzise njengomanyolo omkhulu, kodwa hhayi njengokugqoka okuphezulu kwesizini. Imvamisa, kusuka ku-35 kuya ku-45 g kasawoti we-potassium ngemitha yesikwere ngasinye kusetshenziswa imitha ngayinye yenhlabathi, ngokuya ngokutholakala kwayo kwe-potassium. Akunconywa ukwengeza usawoti we-potassium entwasahlobo futhi nangaphezulu ehlobo.

Umanyolo wePotash.

I-potassium carbonate

Amagama "athandwayo" amaningi womanyolo yi-potassium carbonate noma, noma ilula kakhulu, i-potash. Uhlobo lwamakhemikhali lwe-potassium carbonate yi-K₂CO₃. Kulesi simanyolo we-potash, kanye naku-potassium sulfate, isakhi esinjalo esiyingozi njenge-chlorine asikho ngokuphelele. IPotash ibhekwa njengomunye wamanyolo wakamuva we-potash. Lo manyolo uqukethe cishe i-56% potassium, kukhona i-magnesium encane nesibabule. IPotassium carbonate ngumanyolo ojwayelekile kakhulu ekukhuleni kwamazambane.

Umthamo walomanyolo we-potash enhlabathini uyahlukahluka ngokuya ngesizini nangenhloso yokufaka isicelo. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, ngesimo sokugqoka esiphezulu, ungangeza kusuka ku-14-16 kuye ku-19-21 g ngemitha yesikwele, lapho ucebisa inhlabathi nge-potassium ekwindla, ungangeza cishe ama-40-60 g nge-skwele ngalinye emhlabathini, lapho usebenzisa umanyolo entwasahlobo, ungangezelela kakhulu isilinganiso , ukuletha ku-80-95 g ngesikwere ngasinye. Ngokufaka umanyolo ekwindla sekwephuzile, cishe ama-20 g we potash angafakwa emhlabathini.

IPotassium carbonate itholakala ngokwelapha usawoti we-rock potassium. Umanyolo empeleni ungumkhiqizo owengeziwe osele ekucutshungweni kwe-nepheline ne-alumina.

Bambalwa abantu abazi, kodwa i-potassium carbonate ingatholakala ngokuzimela, ngokwesibonelo, kusuka kumlotha noma ezitshalweni.

Umlotha wezinkuni

Ekhuluma ngomlotha, kungumdalo wamaminerali wemvelo ongabizi kakhulu futhi obiza kakhulu. I-potassium ekwakhiweni ayiyona kakhulu, hhayi ngaphezu kwe-11%, kepha kukhona i-calcium, i-boron, i-iron, yethusi ngisho ne-magnesium ene-phosphorus. Kungenzeka ukuletha umlotha wezinkuni enhlabathini ngesikhathi sonke sokukhula, noma ngabe yintwasahlobo manje, ihlobo noma ekwindla. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo, okusebenzayo kakhulu kuzoba wukufakwa komlotha wezinkuni emigodini ngesikhathi sokutshala, ehlobo njenge-mulch ngemuva kokunisela, futhi ekwindla, ngaphansi kokumba inhlabathi.

Ehlobo, ngaphezu kokwenza umlotha wezinkuni ngefomu elomile, ungawenza ngefomu encibilikisiwe, kufaka phakathi ukufafaza ngalokhu kuhlanganiswa kwesitshalo, ukuqhuba ukondliwa kwefoliar. Ebusika, umlotha wokhuni ungasetshenziswa njengomanyolo wezitshalo ezigcina ukushisa. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi umlotha wezinkuni, okuyiwona umanyolo wamaminerali wangempela, ngaphezu komsoco wenhlabathi uvikela nezitshalo ezinambuzaneni nasezifo ezahlukahlukene.

Uthuli lukasimende

Kubonakala njengento elula, noma kunjalo, futhi kungumanyolo wangempela wamaminerali futhi futhi kune-potassium kuyo. Uthuli kasimende, akunzima ukuqagela, ukungcola okutholakala ekukhiqizeni usimende. Lo ngumanyolo omuhle kakhulu, ongenayo i-chlorine ngokuphelele ekwakhiweni kwawo, uqukethe i-potassium engaphezulu kwe-8%.

Uthuli lukakhonkolo umanyolo omangalisayo wenhlabathi enezinga eliphezulu le-acidity, futhi ulungele nezitshalo ezingakubekezeleli i-chlorine ekwakhiweni kukamanyolo. Ukuze uthuthukise izindawo ezibonakalayo zothuli lukasimende, lo manyolo uvame ukuxutshwa ne-peat egcolisiwe ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo, okungukuthi, ikhilogremu yokugaya esishubile iyadingeka ngekhilogremu eyodwa yothuli.

Izitshalo zePotassium

Njengoba sesisebenzelane nomanyolo ojwayelekile kakhulu we-potash, manje ake sibheke izitshalo ezidinga ukugqokwa kwe-potassium top kunabanye.

Ake siqale ngamatamatisi, imvamisa ukuthola ithani lamatamatisi owadinga ukufaka cishe isigamu samasentimitha e-potassium enhlabathini. Izinombolo zibonakala zikhulu, kepha empeleni - lokhu akukuningi. Ngokubheka ukuthi utamatisi usabela kabi kumanyolo amasha e-organic, okwandisa isisindo semifino kulimaze isivuno, ukusetshenziswa kukamanyolo we-potash kuyindlela enengqondo kunazo zonke yokuphuma kulesi simo.

Ngobuningi be-potassium enhlabathini kumatamatisi, ikhwalithi yezithelo inyuka ngokumangazayo, kepha isivuno se-potassium sinomthelela omncane, yize ngokuswela kwezitshalo ezigcwele ngokugcwele, umuntu akasadingi ukusho.

Cishe ama-85-95 g we-potassium ngamakhulu skwele amamitha wenhlabathi kufanele asetshenziswe ngaphansi kwamatamatisi ngesikhathi sokutshala izithombo; isonto elilodwa ngemuva kokudluliswa kwezithombo, i-120-130 g ye-potassium kufanele ithuthukiswe endaweni efanayo, futhi enye engama-250-280 kufanele yengezwe ngamamitha skwele ayikhulu ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-15-20. g Umanyolo we-potash.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhukhamba yisiko elifunwa kakhulu, futhi ukuze ukhukhamba ukhule ngokugcwele futhi ukhule, futhi wakhe nesitshalo, inhlabathi ekhula kuyo kumele ivunde, futhi ibe nokulinganisela okuhle futhi. Ukuze uthole ithani lezithelo zamakhukhamba, udinga ukwenza cishe ama-45 kg we-potassium. Udinga ukwenza umanyolo we-potash ngaphansi kwamakhukhamba kumaphakethe amaningana: okokuqala, ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela imbewu emhlabathini ovulekile, khona-ke amasonto amabili emva kokuvela nangesikhathi sokuqhakaza.

Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela kumakhilomitha-skwele ayikhulu omhlaba, kuyadingeka ukufaka umanyolo we-90-95 g womanyolo we-potash, ukugqoka kokuqala okuphezulu kufaka ukwenza cishe i-150-180 g ngamamitha-skwele ayikhulu, owesibili - cishe 300-350 g

Isilimo esilandelayo, esidinga ukugqokwa kwe-potash ephezulu kunezinye, amagilebhisi. Ngaphansi kwalesi siko, inhlabathi idinga ukuvundiswa minyaka yonke, ngesikhathi somvini sonyaka kususwa ipotaziyamu eningi emhlabathini. Kepha naphezu kwesifiso esandayo se-potassium, unganelisa ukulamba kwamagilebhisi ngomlotha ojwayelekile wezinkuni. Kuvunyelwe ukulenza libe yifomu elomile, lichitha cishe ama-1.5-2 kg esihlahleni ngasinye. Ungenza umlotha ongaphansi kwamagilebhisi futhi ngale ndlela udilizwe emanzini, kepha khona-ke inani elingaphezulu kufanele lichithwe emanzini bese ulifaka kuzinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezintathu.

Ngokulandelayo kukhona izitshalo zezimbali: ngokuntuleka kwe-potassium kulezi zitshalo, kunokuthuthuka okuthe xaxa, ukukhipha ingxenye ethile noma ukukhipha okuphelele kwamahlamvu amaqabunga, ukuncipha ngosayizi wamahlumela nesikhathi sokuqhakaza uqobo. Kuphela ngobuningi bamanyolo we-potash enhlabathini lapho ukuthuthukiswa kwamahlumela agcwele okugcwele okubunjiwe, ukwakheka kwama-buds ejwayelekile ezinhlobonhlobo nesitshalo sisonke.

Imvamisa, ngaphansi kwezitshalo zezimbali umanyolo aqukethe i-potassium ekwakhiweni kwawo, kuyalulekwa ukwenza kokubili ngesikhathi sokutshala nangesikhathi sokuqhakaza. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwezimbali zezimbali zisetshenziswa kakhulu ekwindla nasentwasahlobo. Kusetshenziswa i-potassium sulfate kuphela kanye nomanyolo njengokugqokisa okuphezulu, okuqukethe i-potassium ekwakhiweni kwabo, kepha abangenayo i-chlorine.

Isikhathi esihle sokufaka umquba nge-potassium

Imvamisa, umlimi, umlimi, noma othanda izimbali usebenzisa kuphela umanyolo we-potash ngemuva kokubona izimpawu zokubulawa yindlala kwe-potassium ezitshalweni. Ezitshalweni, ukushoda kwe-potassium kuzibonakalisa ngesimo sokuncipha okubukhali ekukhuleni nasekwakhuleni, kuthambisa amabala amaqabunga, okuthi esikhundleni sokwejwayelekile kombala wezinhlobonhlobo noma uhlobo, kungazelelwe kuphenduke impunga. Kulokhu, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-potassium sulfate encibilikisiwe emanzini, kungasetjenziswa njengokugqoka okungaphezulu kwe-foliar, okungukuthi, ubaphathe ngokuqondile ngamahlamvu.

Uma ungafuni ukuletha izitshalo zakho ukuthi zibulawa yindlala, kumele, ngaphandle kokulinda izimpawu zokuthi ubulawa yindlala nge-potassium, zalisa umhlabathi nge-potassium, uyisebenzise ngesikhathi esifanele. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, njengomanyolo omkhulu, i-potassium ingafakwa kokubili ekwindla nasentwasahlobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungafaka umquba nge-potassium ngokungeza i-potassium sulfate ngqo emigodini yokutshala lapho utshala izithombo noma emithonjeni lapho utshala izithombo, lolu hlobo lokugqoka oluphezulu lubizwa ngokuthi ukuqala. Ukondla nge-potassium esiteji sokuqala kukuvumela ukuthi wenze kusebenze ukukhula kwesistimu yezimpande, ukuze izithombo zikhule ngokushesha bese ziqala ukukhula ngokwengeziwe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho - kokufaka umanyolo nge-potassium ehlobo, ngokwesibonelo, ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa noma ngemuva kokuvunwa - anikeza ukucebisa kwezitshalo ngezinto ezidingekayo ekwakhekeni kwezithelo.

Umanyolo wePotash oqukethe i-chlorine ekwakhekeni kwawo - usawoti we-potassium, i-potassium chloride - ungasebenza kuphela esikhathini sekwindla nasemhlabathini lapho ukutshala kuhlelwa khona entwasahlobo; khona-ke ngesikhathi sebusika, i-chlorine ingatamatiswa enhlabathini futhi entwasahlobo ngeke kusaba khona ukulimala kusuka kumanyolo onjalo kuya ezitshalweni. Umanyolo oqukethe i-chlorine muhle ngoba uqukethe inani elikhulu le-potassium, okusho ukonga umanyolo kanye namandla okucebisa inhlabathi ngamanani amakhulu e-potassium.

Vele, noma iliphi inani lomanyolo kufanele lilawulwe ngokuqinile, ngokuya ngezinga lokunikezwa kwenhlabathi ngento eyodwa noma enye. Isibonelo, uma kunokuntuleka kwe-potassium enhlabathini, akufanele usheshe ufake imithamo emikhulu yomanyolo ephakeme kaningi kunokunconyiwe, kungcono ukwelula ukucebisa kwenhlabathi nge-potassium yesikhathi sonke, ukuyingenisa ngemithamo emincane futhi ungcono ngendlela encibilikisiwe emanzini. Kuvunyelwe futhi kugqugquzelwe ukuthi kuguqulwe ukusetshenziswa kukamanyolo owomile we-potash futhi kuncibilike emanzini. Isibonelo, ekuqaleni kwesizini, lapho umhlabathi ugcwele umswakama, ungangeza i-potassium sulfate enanini le-12-16 g nge-skwele ngasinye, futhi isicelo esilandelayo, emva kwenyanga, ukwenza isilinganiso esifanayo, kepha sichithwe emanzini; kuzosebenza kangcono kunokondla isikhathi esisodwa ngethamo lika-20-30 g.

Lapho usebenzisa umanyolo oncibilikisiwe emanzini, akufanele futhi weqe umthamo, ngokwesibonelo, endabeni yokusebenzisa i-potassium sulfate enhlabathini ebhakedeni lamanzi, kuvunyelwe ukuchitha u-35-45 g waleli manyolo futhi usebenzise ama-500 g wetshezi esihlahleni ngasinye sokugqoka izilimo zemifino, ezihlahleni - ilitha ngesihlahla ngasinye, nezinhlobo zezihlahla - ilitha elilodwa nehafu ngesihlahla ngasinye.

Isiphetho

Ngakho-ke, i-potassium ayikwazi ukusatshalaliswa nayo, lokhu kuyinto ebalulekile, ngakho-ke, ukubondla nayo kubalulekile kakhulu. Isivuno esiphakeme nezithelo ezihlwabusayo namajikijolo ngeke zitholakale ngokushoda kwe-potassium enhlabathini. Zama ukusebenzisa umanyolo we-potash ngokufanele: faka umanyolo we-potash aqukethe i-chlorine kuphela ekwindla, futhi entwasahlobo nasehlobo sebenzisa i-potassium sulfate, uthuli lukakhonkolo, umlotha wezinkuni.