Isithombo esihle sotamatisi singatholakala kuphela kuzithombo ezisezingeni. Ngenxa yehlobo elifushane, izimo zezulu kwezinye izindawo azivumeli utamatisi ukuba ukhule ngenye indlela. Kungakho, kusukela ngoFebhuwari-Mashi, abalimi nabalimi baqala ukutshala izithombo ekhaya.
Ukuze ukuvuna utamatisi okuzayo kungakudumazi, udinga ukwazi kabanzi ngemithetho yokutshala imbewu, ukukha izithombo, ngezindlela zokunisela nokugqoka okungaphezulu.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu yetamatisi ngezithombo
Inhlabathi ezosetshenziselwa ukuhlwanyela imbewu kufanele iqandiswe amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokutshala kuvulandi obandayo noma emgwaqweni. Le nqubo eyisibopho iyadingeka ukuze kulawulwe izinambuzane. Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi ama-virus kanye nezibungu, eziyingozi ezitshalweni, awugcina kahle umsebenzi wawo obalulekile ngenkathi usemhlabathini.
Imbewu nayo idinga ukulungiswa okukhethekile - lokhu kugcina kuyisixazululo se-manganese, kufakwe kwi-biostimulator nokuqina okuphoqelekile.
Futhi elinye iphuzu elibalulekile ukubulala amagciwane ngaphambi kokuhlwanyelwa kwazo zonke iziqukathi zokutshala. Amabhokisi, izinkomishi, amabhodwe noma izitsha kugezwa kahle ngaphambi kokugcwaliswa inhlabathi ngesixazululo esibuthakathaka se-manganese. Zonke iziqukathi kufanele zibe nezimbobo zokudonsa namanzi.
Inqubo yokutshala imbewu yenziwa ngokulandelayo:
- Amathangi agcwele inhlabathi enomswakama.
- Ingxube yenhlabathi idaluliwe bese ama-grooves amancane emba kude ngamasentimitha amathathu ukusuka komunye nomunye ekujuleni kuka-0.5 cm.
- Ibanga phakathi kwezimbewu liyi-1 cm.
- Imbewu etshaliwe ichotshoziwe ngesendlalelo somhlaba esincanyana (ingabi ngaphezu kuka-1 cm).
Izitsha, kanye namaphayileti, zibekwa egumbini elimnyama kodwa elifudumele, ngemuva kokuzimboza nganoma iyiphi ifilimu. Ekamelweni elikhanyayo, imbewu ingashisisa ngaphansi kwelanga ngqo futhi ngeke kube nezithombo.
Susa ifilimu ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingaba ngu-6-7. Ngalesi sikhathi, amahlumela okuqala azobe eseqala ukuvela, futhi azodinga inani elanele lokukhanya kwelanga.
Khetha izithombo zezitamatisi
Lapho okungenani kwakhiwa amapheshana ama-2 kwizithombo ezisencane, futhi lokhu kungamasonto amabili kamuva, ungaqala ukukhetha. Izithombo kufanele zidluliselwe ku izinkomishi ezinkulu noma amabhodwe. Kulesi sigaba sezithombo ezikhulayo, ungasebenzisa izinto ezisetshenzisiwe esikhundleni sezitsha - amabhodlela epulasitiki, amabhokisi nezimbiza zeyogathi, ujusi, imayonesi, i-kefir, njll.
Uma imbewu ekuqaleni itshalwe eyodwa ebhodweni ngalinye, khona-ke ukukha okwenziwa kalula futhi ngokushesha ngendlela transshipment. Isitshalo, kanye nenhlama yobumba, sidluliselwa ngokucophelela esitsheni esikhulu. Le ndlela ikhulula izitshalo zokuxineka ezikuthola ngesikhathi sokufakelwa, futhi zinciphise isikhathi sokuzivumelanisa nezilinganiso ukuya endaweni entsha.
Uma izithombo zikhula ebhokisini elikhulu lokhuni, lapho-ke lapho ukhetha, isithombo ngasinye sihlukaniswa ngokucophelela komunye nomunye bese sidluliselwa ezinkomishini ezincane ezihlukile. Uma impande encane ilimele, isitshalo sisadinga ukutshala, indlela le isiko ephila ngayo kahle kunoma yiziphi izimo. Abahlali abanokuhlangenwe nakho kwasehlobo bacina banciphisa impande yempande ngamabomu ukuze izinqubo zezimpande ezingemuva kwazo zivele ngokushesha.
Uma impande iphule ngengozi ngokuphelele ngesikhathi sokufakelwa, ungabeka lesi sitshalo emanzini bese kuvela izimpande ezintsha kungekudala.
Ukunisela izithombo zikatamatisi
Utamatisi - lesi sitshalo simelana namazinga okushisa aphansi nesomiso. Ukunisela lezi izilimo kudinga ngokulinganisela. Ngomswakama owedlulele, lesi sitshalo sizoqala ukwelula, futhi ukungatheleleki kuzokwehla.
Kusuka ekutshaleni imbewu kuye ekutholeni, iphethini yokunisela izoshintsha kuzo zonke izigaba. Ngaphambi kokumila, imbewu etshaliwe iniselwa kanye ngosuku ekuseni ngamanzi okushisa egumbini. Ukunisela kungathathelwa indawo ngokufafaza inhlabathi.
Kusukela lapho kuvela izithombo, ukunisela kwenziwa njalo ezinsukwini ezinhlanu ngamanzi afudumele, ahleliwe noma ahlungiwe. Ngalesi sikhathi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukungavumeli ukunqunyelwa ngokweqile kwenhlabathi, njengoba izitshalo ezincane zigula "ngomlenze omnyama" bese ziyafa. Umswakama futhi akufanele ube phezulu, kuyalulekwa ukufeza umoya omncane, ikakhulukazi esimweni sezulu esishisayo nesishisayo.
Ngemuva kokukhetha izithombo zamatamatisi, ukunisela kwenziwa kuphela emva kokomiswa kwenhlabathi ephezulu, okungukuthi, uma kunesidingo. Kuyasiza kwesinye isikhathi ukukhulula inhlabathi esikhundleni sokunisela njalo.
Ukufaka izithombo utamatisi
Lapho kukhula izithombo zikatamatisi, ukugqoka phezulu kufakwa kathathu ngokuphumula kwezinsuku eziyi-15. Okokuqala, izithombo zondliwa ngemuva kokukhethwa (cishe isigamu senyanga kamuva). Umhlali ngamunye ehlobo angakhetha okunye kokuhlukahluka kukamanyolo wamaminerali noma we-organic okulungele yena:
- Ukulungiselela le ngubo ephezulu, kuzodingeka urea (0.5 amagremu), i-superphosphate (4 amagremu), usawoti we-potassium (1.5 amagremu) no-1 litre wamanzi.
- Umanyolo lo uqukethe amalitha amabili amanzi abilayo nesipuni somlotha wezinkuni. Kusetshenziswe ngemuva kokungeniswa nokucwilisa nsuku zonke.
- Ukugqoka kuqukethe i-ammonium nitrate (cishe ama-gramu ayi-0.5), i-superphosphate (cishe amagremu ama-4), i-potassium sulfate (2 amagremu) no-1 litre wamanzi.
- Ukumiliselwa okwenziwe ngomumo okususelwa kwizikhumba zikabhanana noma emaqandeni amaqanda kufakwa emanzini (ngokwesilinganiso esisodwa kuya kwesithathu) futhi kusetshenziselwe ukuthambisa.
Ukulungiselela: Imfucumfucu elungiselelwe eyenziwe ithululelwa embizeni eyi-3-litre (ngaphezu kwengxenye yesitsha) bese ithululelwa ngamanzi afudumele. Izinsuku ezintathu, uketshezi lufakwe endaweni emnyama futhi efudumele.
Ukuphatha izithombo zikatamatisi
Ukuphathwa kwezithombo zamatamatisi kwenziwa ekushiseni okungama-degrees ayi-12 okungenani. Cishe maphakathi nentwasahlobo, izimo ezinjalo zokushisa zingadalwa ku-loggia noma kuvulandi okhanyayo. Le nqubo isiza ukuqinisa ukungatheleleki kwezitshalo. Izithombo eziqinisiwe kuzoba lula ukubekezelela ukweqisa kwezinga lokushisa nemisebe ye-ultraviolet.
Isonto lokuqala, iziqukathi ze-seedling zitholakala kuvulandi ovalekile. Kusukela ngesonto lesibili, izitshalo zijwayela kancane kancane umoya obandayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuvula iwindi kuvulandi nsuku zonke, okokuqala imizuzu engaba ngu-20, bese ufaka kancane kancane imizuzu eyi-10-15. Lokhu kuqina kuyaqhubeka kuze kufakelwa emibhedeni evulekile. Ngaphambi kosuku lokutshala izithombo emhlabathini, kunconywa ukushiya izitshalo emoyeni omusha amahora angama-24.
Uma kungekho kuvulandi, kungenzeka ukuqhuba ukuqina kwewindows, uvule iwindi ngezikhathi ezithile.
Izithombo, ezizonikeza isivuno esikhulu, kufanele zibe namaqabunga amakhulu aqhakaza ngombala oluhlaza okotshani namaqhakaza alungele ukuvulwa. Ukubukeka okunempilo okunjalo kutholakala kuphela kuzithombo, ezazinakekelwa ngendlela efanele futhi ngesineke.
