Ama-bulbs amancane akhulwe kusuka ezinhlanyelweni yizinto ezijwayelekile kakhulu zokutshala i-turnip. Ungatshala nini imbewu anyanisi emhlabathini ovulekile, futhi ungayenza kanjani?
Ukuvunwa kwe-anyanisi kuncike ezicini eziningi, kufaka phakathi ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi okufanele kanye nemikhuba yezolimo ngemuva kokutshala. Kepha isikhathi sokutshala emibhedeni sibalulekile.
Izinsuku zokutshala anyanisi sevka
Njengoba kungeyona imbewu emelana nesithwathwa ewela emhlabathini, kodwa emincane enobubanzi bamasentimitha angama-1,3 isibazi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi inhlabathi ishiswe ngokwanele lapho ibamba ka-8-10 cm. Uma izinga lokushisa embhedeni lingaphansi kuka-12 ° C, izimila ngeke ziqale, futhi umanzi, umanzi omanzi uzokwenza imbewu ibole. Ukuhlehlisa isimo nakho kuyingozi. Amabhu anezimpande ezibucayi azoba yisisulu sezilokazane noma avimbeke ngesimo sezulu esishisayo nesomile.
Isikhathi lapho utshala imbewu ka-anyanisi emhlabathini ovulekile, ungathola isivuno esihle kakhulu, kuya ngesimo sezulu nesimo sesifunda.
Ezingeni lokushisa eliphakathi komgwaqo ophakathi nendawo, inhlabathi iyafudumala eminyakeni eyishumi edlule ka-Ephreli. Kepha isimo sezulu sentwasahlobo siyashintsha. Ngakho-ke, izakhamuzi zasehlobo ezinolwazi zivame ukugxila kwizimpawu. Isibonakaliso sokulungiswa kwemibhede singasebenza njengezimbali zezinyoni eziqhakazayo. Lapho u-anyanisi etshalwe endaweni evulekile eSifundeni saseMoscow nakwezinye izindawo zomgwaqo ophakathi nendawo, kusabanda kakhulu enyakatho, futhi kunengozi enkulu yesithwathwa.
Ukufika ngokufudumele, umhlali wasehlobo udalula umnsalo engozini enkulu. Ukubuyisa ukubanda kuyabulala ukuqhuma kwezinhlamvu kanye nezilimo ezizayo. Ngokusho kweminyaka eminingi yokubhekwa kwesimo sezulu, izimo ezikahle zeSifunda seLeningrad, lapho kuphephile ngokuphelele ukutshala u-anyanisi ohlwanyela emhlabathini ovulekile, woza ngesonto elizayo.
Ukulibaziseka kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, bafika esifundeni sase-Ural naseSiberia. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezifudumele, isimo sezulu esishintshekayo sentwasahlobo singaletha isimanga esingesihle ngendlela epholile ebandayo neqhwa. Isiqinisekiso esithile sokuphepha kwezithombo sizoba ukushisa komoya okuzinzile kuya ku-5-10 ° C nangaphezulu.
Ama-anyanisi amahlumela avela isonto ngemuva kokutshala. Isimo sezulu esingesihle sezulu kufanele sinikeze umabhalane ehlobo isibonakaliso sokugcobhoza kahle imibhede futhi amboze izimpaphe ezincane eziluhlaza ngefilimu noma ngento eminyene engasokiwe.
Imigqomo ephezulu isiza ukungalindi isimo sezulu esihle futhi ithole isivuno sokuqala, esinobungane nekhwalithi ephezulu. Le ndlela yezolimo isetshenziswa kabanzi lapho kutshalwa u-anyanisi emhlabathini e-Urals, eSiberia, enyakatho-nentshonalanga yezwe nasesifundeni sonke esiyi-non-Chernozem. Ngenxa yobuchwepheshe obunjalo bezolimo, kungenzeka ukukhulisa izinga lokushisa kwenhlabathi ngo-5-10 ° C, uma uqhathanisa nesakhiwo sonke, futhi ungesabi isithwathwa emhlabathini.
Zonke ozimele ezikhonjisiwe zisebenza kahle uma u-anyanisi ekhulile kuma-turnips. Ukuhlwanyela kungatshalwa emifino cishe kuyo yonke inkathi efudumele, bese kunikeza izitshalo:
- inhlabathi evulekile;
- ukuntuleka kwezitshalo zokhula;
- umswakama omningi;
- ukondleka okuyinkimbinkimbi.
Uma sikhuluma ngokutshala ama-anyanisi wasebusika, khona-ke atshalwa endaweni evulekile izinsuku ezingama-25-35 ngaphambi kokushisa okujwayelekile kwansuku zonke kwehlela ku-+5 ° C. Ukupholisa, ama ezincane kakhulu, okungukuthi asetshenziswa kuleli cala, aphatha ukunikeza izimpaphe ezi-5 kuya kwezi-7 nempande kahle. Le ndlela yokutshala imifino ikuvumela ukuthi uqoqe isivuno esihle engxenyeni yokuqala yehlobo.
Ungatshala kanjani imbewu anyanisi emhlabathini ovulekile
I-anyanisi iyizithombe ezinhle, ikhula kahle emhlabathini okhanyayo, omile futhi idinga ukuthambisa njalo, kepha ngokulinganiselayo. Indawo ezotshalwa kuyo ikhethwe ngokuya ngalezi zidingo, kanye nemithetho yokujikeleza kwezitshalo.
Ezimweni lapho ama-anyanisi asetshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile entwasahlobo, ekwindla, imibhede imbiwa kuze kufinyelele ku-bayonet egcwele. Inhlabathi ye-Acidic isuswa ku-oxidized, isihlabathi sengezwa emgodini omanzi, osindayo. Ngasikhathi sinye, kwethulwa into ebunjiwe kahle yendalo. Entwasahlobo, ukumba kuyaphindwa, ngaphezu kwalokho ukufaka umanyolo enhlabathini nge-potassium ne phosphorus.
Ukubhubhisa i-microflora ye-pathogenic, isonto ngaphambi kokutshala u-anyanisi, imisele ichithwa ngesisombululo se-sulfate yethusi, i-phytosporin noma ezinye izindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Ijazi lesihlabathi nalo lenziwa ngezansi. Ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu:
- Amaviki ama-2-3 omisiwe ekushiseni okungaba ngu-20 ° C;
- khona-ke ama-bullet agcinwa ku-30-40 ° C amahora amaningi.
Enye indlela yokusebenzisa izonga isikhathi. U-anyanisi omncane ohloselwe ukutshala ufakwa emanzini ngokushisa kwe-45-50 ° C ngekota yehora. Ngemuva kokuthi ama-bulbs athululelwe isikhathi esifanayo emanzini abandayo. Ukugeza okuhlukile, kanye nesishukumisi sokukhula, kusebenze izinqubo zezitshalo ngokuphelele. Isixazululo pinki se-potassium permanganate disinfits.
Kuhlelwe ngaphambili ngosayizi wembewu otshalwe emiseleni:
- nesilinganiso sokufika ku-1 cm ngokuphumula okungama-4-5 cm;
- ububanzi obuyi-1.5 cm kubude obuyi-6-8 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye;
- nosayizi ongaphezu kuka-2 cm ngokuphumula okungafika ku-10 cm.
Phakathi kwemigqa shiya igebe elingamasentimitha angama-20 kuye kwangama-45. Amatshe angcwatshwa kube ngu-3-4 cm kusuka emahlombe, inhlabathi ngemuva kokugcwaliswa, kunyiselwe bese kuniselwa. Ukuze umswakama ungashintshi isikhathi eside, imibhede ifakwe izigaxa ezinengqimba efinyelela ku-3 cm.
Nakekela u-anyanisi emhlabathini ovulekile
Izidingo zokunakekelwa kwe-anyanisi zilula kakhulu. Isiko lidinga ukukhulula umhlabathi, ukhula njalo nokunisela, kuyilapho isibani sakha, futhi kukhona ukukhula okusebenzayo kokutshala okuhlaza. Izinyathelo ezinjalo zithathwa nangaphambi kokuba kuqhume.
Esikhathini sokuqala, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvikela ukwakheka kwengquza eminyene, enomoya omningi nokugcwala kwemibhede yokhula.
Ukunisela kuyadingeka ngoMeyi nangoJuni, lapho kukalwa izikali ezitusayo futhi kuthululelwa. Imitha ngalinye lesikwele kumele lithole cishe amalitha ayi-8 amanzi. Ezinsukwini ezingama-20 ngemuva kokutshala, ekunakekelweni kwe-anyanisi sevk emhlabathini ovulekile kufaka phakathi ukondla ukumnika kwe-mullein noma i-humus. Kamuva, ngokwakhiwa kwesikhumba esinqabile, isidingo somswakama siyancipha. Uma u-anyanisi ethola isisindo kabi, uyaphakelwa. Ngasikhathi sinye, ingxenye engenhla yesibani ngasinye iyakhululwa emhlabathini. Amaviki angama-2-2 ngaphambi kokuvuna, ukuchelela kumiswe ngokuphelele. Ukuvunwa ama-turnips kwenziwa ngemuva kokufaka ipeni.
