I-Camellia imbali: izithombe, izimfihlo zokunakekelwa kwasekhaya

Isitshalo sokuhlobisa i-camellia singokwezihlahla ezihlala ziluhlaza ezikhula ngokwemvelo e China, Vietnam nase Japan. Amaqabunga awo amnyama aluhlaza acwebezelayo ahlobisa isitshalo unyaka wonke. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sezimbali, isikhathi esihle kakhulu se-camellia siyeza. Ngalesi sikhathi, izihlahla zimbozwe izimbali ezinhle ezikhumbuza kakhulu ama roses. Ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele, lesi sitshalo singatshalwa ezingadini. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, i-camellia ikhula kahle futhi iyaqhakaza ekhaya.

Incazelo, izinhlobo nezithombe ze-camellias

Kuya ngohlobo lwesitshalo se shrub ekuphakameni ingafinyelela kumamitha amathathu kuya kwayi-12. Amacembe acwebile alesi sitshalo ayindilinga. Emaphethelweni ayafiphala noma abukhali. Izimbali ezinkulu ze-camellia eyodwa ububanzi zingafinyelela kuma-5 kuye kwangama-15 cm. Ziqukethe amacembe amahlanu kanye no-stamens amaningi. Umbala we-petals ungaba bomvu, upinki, mhlophe. Kukhona ne-bicolor petals enamabala ahlukahlukene, amabala, amachashazi noma amachashazi. Imbali ngayinye yesitshalo iqhakaza inyanga.

Izinhlobo ezithandwayo ze-camellia

Lapho ukhule kakhulu ekhaya Izinhlobo ezintathu zezitshalo zithandwa:

1. I-Miyagi camellia noma intaba isihlahla esikhula sibe ngamamitha ayi-3-5 ukuphakama. Isitshalo sifanekiselwa ngamaqabunga amnyama ovoid noma amaqabunga aqhakaze phezulu, isicwebezelayo ngaphezulu nangama-pubescent ngezansi. Amacembe aqhakazile emaphethelweni akhula abe ngu-3-7 cm ubude. Izimbali ze-camellia ezibomvu, ezibomvu noma ezimhlophe eziyisentimitha ezingamasentimitha zifinyelela ku-7 cm.Angahlala angashadile, noma aqoqwe kabili noma amathathu. Izihlahla ziyaqhakaza kusuka ngoNovemba kuya kuJanuwari.
2. I-camellia yaseJapan inezindlela ezahlukahlukene, ezihlukile ekuhlelweni kwama-petals, usayizi, umbala nokukhanya kwembali. Izihlahlana zaseJapan ukuphakama zingafinyelela kumamitha ayi-12. Amaqabunga awo acwebezelayo noma angenamabala aqhakaza afinyelela ku-5-10 cm ubude. Emaphethelweni akhonjwa. Izimbali ze-camellia zaseJapan zinobubanzi obungama-4 cm, futhi ziqoqeka izingcezu eziningana. Izimbali zezinhlobonhlobo zengadi zikhulu. Zingakhula zize zibe ngu-7 ukuya ku-12- cm. Izimbali ziyaqhakaza kusuka ngoDisemba kuya ku-Ephreli. I-camellia yaseJapan ekhaya eziqhakaza ekhaya ekushiseni okungeqi ku-12C. Ezingadini zokugcina izithombo, kungathela nezithelo.
3. I-camellia yaseChinese noma isihlahla setiye siyisihlahla esihlala sikhona esinamagatsha ahlukaniswe izimbali. Ingakhula ibe ngamamitha ayi-10. Amaqabunga awo angadalulwa, okusaqanda noma okushintshiwe. Ukusuka ngaphansi aluhlaza okhanyayo, kusuka phezulu kumnyama. Ububanzi bamaqabunga bufinyelela ku-4 cm, ubude bufika ku-5-7 cm. Izimbali ezinamakha eyodwa yesihlahla setiye, ezi-2- 2 ngazinye, zihlala emahlombe amaqabunga. I-calyx inamathuna ayindilinga. Amapharele aphuzi-ophuzi afakwe ngaphansi kwesisekelo kuwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqhakaza. Izithelo zibukeka njengebhokisi lezinkuni. Ama-camellia amaChinese aqhakaza ukusuka ngo-Agasti kuya ekwindla sekwephuzile.

Izici zokukhula kwe-camellia ekhaya

Ukuze uthole i-camellia yegumbi, izimo ezithile ezikhulayo nokunakekelwa okufanele kuyadingeka.

Ukushisa kanye nomswakama

ICellellia kubhekiselwa ezitshalweni zezinsuku ezimfishane. Kukhanya kuphela okungamahora ayi-12 kuzokwanela ukubekisa uphawu nokuthuthukisa imiqumbe yezimbali. Kodwa-ke, ngalesi sikhathi kuyadingeka ukuqapha izinga lokushisa kwekamelo:

1. Izinga lokushisa kufanele libe ngaphakathi kwe-18C-20C. Emazingeni okushisa aphansi, i-camellia ngeke iqhume.
2. Uma amahora emini engahlala ngaphansi kwamahora ayi-12, khona-ke uma ubeka izinso izinga lokushisa lizodinga ukwehliselwa ku-8C-10C.
3. I-Camellia iqhakaza ebusika ukusuka ngoDisemba kuya kuFebhuwari. Ngalesi sikhathi sesikhathi, kufanele sigcinwe ekushiseni komoya okuyi-8C kuye ku-10C.

Uma igumbi lifudumele kakhulu, khona-ke ama-buds azoqala ukuwa ephuma ezihlahleni, ukuqhakaza kungenzeka ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ikhwalithi yezimbali izokonakala.

Lapho unakekela i-camellia ekhaya, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi igumbi linomswakama ophezulu.

Tshala kudinga ukufafazwa njalo. Amanzi walokhu kufanele alungiswe futhi abe nokushisa kwegumbi. Uma kungekho manzi axazululiwe, angabiliswa futhi aqandiswe. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, isitshalo kufanele sifafazwe ngokucophelela. Amanzi akufanele awele ezimbali.

Ukuze wandise umswakama, imbiza yezimbali ingabekwa esikhwameni nge-peat emanzi noma ngobumba olwandisiwe. Isidlidliza esitholwe ngokukhethekile sizoba nomphumela omuhle ekwakhiweni kwesitshalo.

Isibani

ICamellia idinga indawo ekhanyayo:

• imbali izozizwa imnandi kuma-windowsill asempumalanga nasentshonalanga;
• isihlahla esiseduze kwamafasitela asenyakatho noma ngemuva kwekamelo ngeke sibe nokukhanya okwanele kokukhula okujwayelekile;
• uma lesi sitshalo sibekwe eduze kwewindi elibheke ohlangothini oluseningizimu, khona-ke imbali evela elangeni eliqondile ngesikhathi sasemini izodinga umthunzi.

Ukuze umqhele esitshalweni ukhule ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, futhi isihlahla siphenduka bushelelezi, ngezikhathi ezithile kudingeka siguqulwe sihambisane nokukhanya okuhlukile. Kulokhu, akukho simo lapho kufanele ushintshe isikhundla sesihlahla ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza nokuqhakaza. Isitshalo esiphazamisekile singalahlekelwa imiqumbe.

Esikhathini esifudumele, i-camellia ingafakwa kuvulandi, i-loggia noma ingadi yangaphambili emoyeni ovulekile. Kulokhu, lesi sitshalo kumele sivikelwe elangeni eliqondile.

Ukunisela nomanyolo

I-Camellia akufanele ithululwe, kepha kunconywa ukuyinisela njalo nangobuningi. Ukunisela kwenziwa kuphela ngemuva kokuthi inhlabathi engaphezulu yomile.

Uma kwenzeka womisa i-substrate, isitshalo sizoqala ukulahlekelwa amaqabunga. Ebusika, i-camellia iniselwa ngokucophelela. Uma i-substrate acidifying, khona-ke ama-buds azoqala ukuwa, futhi amaqabunga ayoba nsundu.

Kuwo wonke unyaka, ama-camellia njalo emavikini amathathu kufanele ondliwe Umanyolo okhethekile wamaminerali. Zidinga ukukhuliswa ngesilinganiso segramu 1 yomanyolo nge-1 litre yamanzi.

Ukufakelwa nenhlabathi ye-camellia

Lapho unakekela amakhishi amancane, adinga ukushintshwa minyaka yonke. Izitshalo ezindala eziqhakaza minyaka yonke ziyatshalwa kabusha njalo eminyakeni emibili. Ukwenza amahlahla akhule abe ngcono, kunconywa ukuthi unciphise iziqongo zamahlumela ngemuva kokufakelwa.

Ukufakelwa kwenziwa entwasahlobo. Inhlabathi kumele ibe acidic. Ukuqanjwa kwalo kungahle kube ngale ndlela elandelayo:

• izingxenye ezimbili zamaqabunga noma umhlaba weheather;
• izingxenye ezimbili ze-peat;
• ucezu owodwa womhlaba wefudu;
• isihlabathi esisodwa.

Phansi kwembiza, amanzi athululwa ngokuqinisekile athululelwa.

Izinambuzane nezifo

Isifo esikhulu kakhulu sezitshalo singaba ukubola kwezimpande, eyenziwe ngenxa yokushisa okuphansi kakhulu noma ukuthambisa kwenhlabathi kwenhlabathi. Kulokhu, i-camellia kudingeka idluliselwe enhlabathini enokuphefumula. Ngokunciphisa ukuthambisa, isitshalo singasindeka kakhulu.

Amabala ansundu emaqabungeni ayizimpawu ze-phylostictosis. Lesi sifo sivela ngenxa yomswakama ophezulu. Ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngokwelapha amaqabunga nge-sulfate yethusi. Umswakama egumbini uyancipha, amaqabunga athintekile ayasuswa.

Isimungulu sesicabucabu, i-aphid, noma isinambuzane esikalini kungavela egumbini le-camellia. Uma zitholakala, lesi sitshalo kufanele siphathwe ngokushesha nge-emulsions yamafutha ehlobo, isixazululo sensipho noma izindlela zamakhemikhali.

Ukuzalela kweCamellia

Isitshalo sisakazeka ngezindlela ezintathu:

1. Izimbumbulu.
2. Imbewu.
3. Gonyiwe.

Ukusakazwa ngokusika

NgoJanuwari nangoJulayi, izinhlobo zokuhlobisa ze-camellia zingasakazwa ngokusikwa okungakaqedi kwentamba kwe-apical. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ukusikwa kusikwa ngamacembe ama-3-5 cm ubude be-6 cm, bese kufakwe isisombululo se-heteroauxin. Izinto zokutshala zitshalelwa emabhokisini agcwele i-peat nesihlabathi (1: 1). Izinga lokushisa lomsuka kufanele libe ngaphakathi kwe-20C-23C.

Ukunakekela ukusikwa kuqukethe ukufafaza kwabo njalo nokunisela kwenhlabathi. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezingaba zimbili, izimpande zizohluma, kanti ukusikwa kungaba etshalwe ezitsheni ezihlukile, ububanzi bawo kufanele bube cm cm 7. Ekuqaleni, izitshalo ezincane ziniselwa kakhulu, futhi ngemuva kokubanda, njengoba kunesidingo.

Ukuhlwanyela imbewu

Lapho kukhula i-camellia kusuka imbewu, izimpawu zezinhlobonhlobo zingalahleka. Kodwa-ke, imbewu ethengiswa ezitolo ezikhethekile igcina lezo zimpawu.

Imbewu ihlwanyelwa emabhokisini ebangeni elingamasentimitha angama-5-7. Iziqukathi ze-seedling ezimbozwe ngengilazi noma ifilimu kufanele zibekwe endaweni ekhanyayo, efudumele. Ngemuva kokuba kuvela amapheshana amabili wangempela ezitshalweni, azodinga ukuthathwa ezimbizeni ezihlukile.

Ukusakazwa kokugonywa

Ezinye izinhlobo ze-camellia azinampilo kahle ngesikhathi sokusikwa. Kulokhu, bangakwazi ngoJanuwari kusakazwa ngokugoma, ukhetha lokhu ezingxenyeni ezingenhla ze-ihlumela ngamahlumela athuthuke kahle.

Ukugoma okuqukethwe ku-20 ° C kumila cishe ezinyangeni ezimbili. Banakekele ukugcina izinga lokushisa elihle nomswakama, ukuchelela nokufafaza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho ukhula isitshalo esincane, udinga ukunciphisa amahlumela futhi uvikele ukushiswa kwamaqabunga.

Ngemuva konyaka, izihlahla zidluliselwa ezitsheni ezihlukile ezinobubanzi obungama-9 cm. Ngonyaka wesithathu, kulungiselelwe izimbiza ezinobubanzi obungamasentimitha ayi-11 kuya ku-14 .Umhlabathi kufanele ube ne-heather nezwe lamaqabunga, i-turf, i-peat nesihlabathi (2: 2: 2: 2: 1). Amabhasi amasha amahle ukuthutha ngokusebenzisa transshipment. Kulokhu, izimpande ngeke zonakale futhi isitshalo sizothela ngokushesha.

ICamellia idume hhayi ngezimbali zayo ezinhle kuphela, kodwa futhi nokusetshenziswa ekhemisi nasekwelapheni. Amafutha abalulekile akhishwa emaqabungeni awo, anomphumela we-antiseptic, anesthetic kanye ne-tonic. Futhi izimbali ze-Chinese camellia zingenziwa kabusha, ziphuze itiye elimnandi.