Umuthi wetiye ungowe-genus Melaleuca (Melaleuca), odabuka emndenini wakwaMytle. Sekukonke, ezincwadini ze-botanical kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-200 ezibonakala njengezihlahlana eziphansi njalo noma ezinesimo sezihlahla futhi zikhula ikakhulukazi e-Australia, Indonesia naseNew Guinea.
Ukwakheka kwamaqabunga esihlahla setiya kuyinto okusaqanda. Babekwa emagatsheni ngaphandle kokusikwa futhi. Ama-inflorescence aminyene obukhulu abukeka ngendlela yebhulashi noma ukwethuka okuxakile. Isici esiyisidlakudla se-melaleuka ukuba khona kwezixha zezitetheli ezisezimbali, eziqoqwe ngamaqembu ahlukene. Sekukonke eqoqweni ngalinye kunama-stamens ayi-5. Ekuqaleni, amathuna aqhakaza ayafa. Lapho-ke endaweni yazo kuvela izingqimba zembewu eqinile, ecindezelwe kakhulu igatsha.
Umuthi wetiye uhlotshisiwe hhayi ngama-inflorescence amahle kuphela, kodwa nangamagxolo angama-scaly akhanyayo. Inamandla okukhipha ngendlela yezicucu ezinde ezondile, ngakho-ke i-melaleuka nayo ibizwa nangokuthi isihlahla esinamagxolo.
Ngisho umuthi osemthethweni wayeqaphela izakhiwo zokuphulukisa zomuthi wetiye ngisho nangekhulu leminyaka elidlule ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwawo okucebile kawoyela obalulekile, onemiphumela elwa namagciwane. Ngesisekelo sezingxenye zalo zemifino, kukhiqizwa izinto ezibalulekile zokwelapha ezinguluhlaza.
Nakekela uLalaleuka ekhaya
Abalimi abaningi bezimbali babheka i-melaleuka isitshalo esivuthayo, noma kunjalo, ukuze kufinyelelwe ukuqhakaza okuningana futhi okuchichimayo, kumele kulandelwe imithetho ethile yokunakekelwa.
Indawo nokukhanyisa
Indawo ekhulayo yezitshalo kufanele ikhanyiswe kahle, kepha ukutholakala elangeni ngqo kufanele kugwenywe. Kwezinye izimo, ungasebenzisa izibani zokufakelwa, ezinikezwa usebenzisa ama-phytolamp. Zikhanyisela isikhathi esilingana namahora ajwayelekile wemini. Ezinye izitshalo ezitshalwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo zinganikeza ukuqhakaza ebusika. Ukukhanya okunganele kokubi kuthinta kabi ukukhula kwesihlahla, amaqabunga aqala ukuwa, okuholela ekufeni kwesihlahla sonke.
Ebusika, izimbiza ezinesitshalo kufanele zigcinwe egumbini elipholile futhi zinikeze nokukhanya okwengeziwe. Ehlobo, zama ukugwema ukuthola imisebe ebabaza yasemini emaqabunga. Zingadala ukushiswa okukhulu.
Ukushisa
UMelaleuka ubekezelela ukushisa ngokwanele ehlobo. Ebusika, lapho kungekho kukhanya okwengeziwe, kungakuhle ukuthi i-melaleuka inikeze umoya opholile ongaba ngu-10 degrees.
Ukunisela
Izindawo zokusakazwa kwesihlahla sasendle emvelweni zingamaxhaphozi kanye namabhange emifula, ngakho-ke lesi sitshalo sinobuhlakani futhi, ngakho-ke, sidinga ukuthambisa njalo. Uma kungenjalo, uma umswakama unganele, amaqabunga ayawa bese ukoma udaka, ngenxa yalokho, lesi sitshalo siyafa. Ngokunisela kuphela amanzi ahleliwe okushisa kwekamelo asetshenziswa, lapho ungangeza khona ingcosana ye-citric acid noma amaconsi ambalwa kaviniga. Ebusika, imvamisa yokunisela iyancishiswa kaningana.
Umswakama womoya
IMelaleuka idinga umswakama ophezulu, ngakho-ke kufanele ifafazwe njalo, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sasehlobo esishisayo. Kungcono ukubeka ungqimba lodongwe epanini lokuthosa bese uthele amanzi amasha.
Inhlabathi
Njengesisekelo sokukhula kwesihlahla setiye, kusetshenziswa kuphela inhlabathi engathathi hlangothi noma ingxube yodaka equkethe i-peat, i-turf nesihlabathi, kuthathwa isilinganiso 2: 1: 1. UMelaleuka omuhle ukhetha isigcawu esingaphansi kwesihlabathi.
Umanyolo kanye nomanyolo
Ngesikhathi sokukhula nokukhula kwesitshalo, i-melaleuku idinga ukondliwa amahlandla ama-2 ngenyanga ngesisombululo samanyolo anzima, asetshenziselwa izitshalo eziningi zasendlini.
Ukufakelwa
Izinhlobo zabantu abadala ze-melaleuka zitshalwa minyaka yonke kwibhodwe elisha lobubanzi obukhulu ukuze uhlelo lwazo lwezimpande lukhule futhi lukhule ngokugcwele. Ukuze kwenziwe lula umsebenzi, abanye abatshali esikhundleni sokushintsha okunye bamane nje basike izimpande zesihlahla babuyekeze inhlabathi engaphezulu.
Izihlahla
IMelaleuk idinga ukulungiswa ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze kulondolozwe ukwakheka kwesihlahla noma isihlahla unyaka wonke. Ngesikhathi sokuthena, kususwa imvuthuluka yembewu eyomile, evumela ukuthi lesi sitshalo sinikeze ukubukeka okuhle nokuhle.
Amahlumela wonyaka wezithombo ezincane nawo asikwa endaweni ephakeme ngamasentimitha ayi-10, ukuze kuthi kamuva ngokuhamba kwesikhathi aqale ukugatsha ngesimo sesihlahla.
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-melaleuka
Umuthi wetiye ungatshalwa kusetshenziswa imbewu noma ukusikwa. Indlela yokusabalalisa imbewu yenziwa emhlabathini omncane oswakanyiswe kahle. Ngemuva kokutshala, imbewu imbozwe ngengilazi ukusheshisa ukukhula, kanti iziqukathi zokukhula zigcinwa emazingeni okushisa egumbini. Ngemuva kwesonto, ukuvela kwezithombo zokuqala kungabhekwa, noma kunjalo, le nqubo inganciphisa uma amabhokisi embewu eshiywe egumbini elipholile isikhathi eside. Ukulahleka kwezithombo ezincane cishe akunakugwenywa, eziningi zazo ziyafa ekuqaleni.
Ukuze usikwe, kuyadingeka ukusika izingcezu ezinde kakhulu. Ngemuva kwalokho atshalwe enhlabathini noma abekwe esitsheni esigcwaliswe ngamanzi ukusheshisa ukwakheka kwezimpande. Kwesinye isikhathi ama-phytohormones akhethekile angezwa futhi emanzini, athinta ukukhula kwezilawuli.
Ungalindela ukuqhakaza ngesikhathi sokutshala kwembewu kuphela lapho isitshalo sifinyelela eminyakeni eyisithupha.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
I-Indoor melaleuka kaningi ingathintwa yisicabucabu i-mite, mealybug nezinye izinambuzane eziyingozi. Njengezindlela ezisebenzayo zokulwa nabo, kusetshenziselwa ukufafaza njalo izitshalo ezinegciwane ngezixazululo ze-Actelik, i-Akarin noma zeFitoverma.
Phakathi kwezifo zesihlahla setiye, ezivame kakhulu ukubola kwezimpande, ukushiswa noma ukubola kweqabunga. Ezimweni eziningi, isizathu esiyinhloko sokuvela kwazo ukunakekelwa okungafanele, kwesinye isikhathi okungabhekwa ngabanikazi besitshalo.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zesihlahla setiye
Kuze kube manje, izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu yilezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo zomuthi wetiye:
Melaleuka
Izwe lasekhaya liyingxenye esenyakatho nasempumalanga ye-Australia. Lo mbono obizwa ngomunye ovame kakhulu emndenini. Iqabunga elijwayelekile le-melaleuka livame ukuvuthwa ezimeni zangaphakathi kwewindows. Lesi sitshalo sinokuvela kwesihlahla esiphansi esiluhlaza, esibonakaliswa ukukhula kancane. Amaqabunga alezi zinhlobonhlobo afana nezinaliti zikaphayini ngenxa yombala wazo oluhlaza okotshani nobude obuncane bezici. Ubude bamaqabunga acishe abe ngu-1-3.5 cm, futhi ububanzi buyi-1 mm kuphela. Isikhathi sezimbali siba entwasahlobo futhi sihlala kuze kuqala ihlobo. Ama-inflorescence ama-cylindrical we ububanzi obuncane apendwe mhlophe.
Melaleuka diosmolist
Kubhekwa njengokwesibili okuvame kakhulu emndenini wesihlahla setiye, futhi kukhule kuphela endlini. Izwe elikhulayo laseMelaleuca diosmolistic - iNtshonalanga Australia. Isihlahla sisisitshalo esinamaqabunga amafushane aluhlaza aqukethe kahle futhi asatshalaliswa ngokuqinile emagatsheni aseceleni. Ama-inflorescence of ulamula noma umbala okhanyayo oluhlaza afinyelela ubude obungaba ngu-5 cm. Aqala ukwakha emagatsheni ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo.
Linseed Melaleuka
Kwavela okokuqala eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Australia. Emaphethelweni, ungabona izihlahla ezimfishane ezikhula ngokushesha ezinamaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani. Ehlobo, kwakhiwa izimbali ezimhlophe qhwa ezinama-stamens amaningi. Izimbali zinesivunguvungu kangangokuba amahlamvu acishe angabonakali. Ngenxa yale mpahla, isihlahla esinjalo setiye emazweni amaningi akhuluma isiNgisi saqala ukubizwa ngokuthi "Ihlobo Lasehlobo". Ukulima ikhaya, abatshali bezimbali bakhiqize insimu emfushane yelineni laseMelaleuki bayinikeza igama elithi "Isithwathwa".
Melaleuka muhle
Lolu hlobo lubizwa nangokuthi i-honey myrtle enamahloni, etholakala entshonalanga Australia. I-shrub nayo inezici zayo ezihlukile ezivela kwezinye izinhlobo, okungukuthi: amaqabunga amancane aluhlaza namnyama, izimbali ezipinki zefomu elingajwayelekile. Ziqoqwe ngesimo se-inflorescence eshibilikayo efana nezifo. Ekulinye lazo, amaqembu ayisihlanu ama-stamens amade aqoqiwe, ahlanganiswa ndawonye. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, lesi sitshalo kwesinye isikhathi sibizwa ngokuthi "imbali yesigaxa."
Melaleuk nesofila
Lesi isihlahla esikhulu esifana ne-flaxseed melaleuka, esihlukile kuso kuphela ngombala wezimbali zaso. Ama-inflorescence apinki anomumo oyindilinga. Zikhula ngobubanzi obungaba cm 3. Izimbali ziqala ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo futhi zihlala izinyanga ezimbalwa.
Ngaphezu kwezitshalo ezingenhla, kunoma yiziphi izitolo ezikhethekile ezithengisa izimbali, ungathenga imbewu nezinye izinhlobo zesihlahla setiyi ukuze ulinywe ekhaya.
Kubalulekile! Abatshali bezimbali abanolwazi bayelulekwa ukuthi banake iqiniso lokuthi kaningi lapho kuchazwa i-melaleuka kuba nokudideka, ngoba kunokufana okukhulu ngokubukeka nesihlahla seLeptospermum paniculata noma isihlahla setiya saseNew Zealand. Noma ezincwadini ze-botanical ungathola izithombe zohlobo olulodwa, futhi incazelo nencazelo engezansi kwazo izobiza igama elihluke ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, i-Leptosperm paniculata ihlukile esihlahleni setiye sendabuko ezimbalini futhi ayinazo izinto zokwelapha ezibalulekile, ngakho-ke ayisetshenziselwa zokwelapha nezokuhlobisa.
