Ungayisebenzisa kanjani sawdust engadini?

Emndenini, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi somsebenzi wokwakha, izinkuni zokhuni zibutha - imfucuza ekubumbeni. Abanye abanikazi abasha, bengakuqondi ukuthi yiziphi izinto eziyigugu zokutshala izingadi ezawela ezandleni zabo, bathumela imfucuza emlilweni bese umlotha womquba usakazeka engadini. Impela, ungalusebenzisa kuphi udaka lweshuni, ulusebenzisa kanjani, futhi ingabe kuwufanele umzamo? Ngiphuthuma ukuqinisekisa abafundi. Kunezindlela eziningi zokusebenzisa sawdust engadini. Kuphela kudingeka zisetshenziswe kahle. Ake sizame ukuthola ukuthi sawdust isetshenziswa kuphi futhi kanjani.

Sawdust ukusetshenziswa engadini.

Kuyini ukhuni?

I-Sawdust - imfucuza evela ngokhuni lokhuni nezinye izinto zokwakha (plywood, board, njll). Izinto zesawdust zilula impela. Ubuningi bezinkuni zokhuni obunjiwe bungamakhilogremu ayi-1 nge-1 m³ kuthi ithoni yoku-1 iqukethe ama-9-10 m-10 wezinto zokusetshenziswa ezinokuqukethwe komswakama okwejwayelekile okungu-8-15% (Ithebula 1). Lokhu okuqukethwe kulula kakhulu ukukusebenzisa.

Ithebula 1. Ubuningi bezinkuni zokhuni

Isimo sokwakheka kwethala

Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali sawdust kubonakaliswa yilokhu okuqukethwe okulandelayo kwezakhi zamakhemikhali:

• 50% ikhabhoni:
• I-44% oksijini:
• 6% i-hydrogen%
• I-nitrogen engu-0.1%.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkuni ziqukethe cishe i-27% lignin, enikeza izihlahla ubungako be-lignation futhi okungenani ama-70% we-hemicellulose (cishe, ama-carbohydrate).

Izinto zemvelo eziphilayo, lapho zibunjiwe emhlabathini, zingumhlinzeki wezinto ezidingekayo ezitshalweni. I-1 m³ ye-sawdust iqukethe i-250 g ye-calcium, i-150-200 g ye-potassium, i-20 g ye-nitrogen, cishe i-30 g ye-phosphorus. Kwezinye izinhlobo ze-sawdust (iningi le-coniferous), ukwakheka kwezinkuni kufaka izinto ezinesihlungu ezithinta kabi ukukhula nokukhula kwezitshalo.

I-Sawdust ingxenyenamba ethambile futhi, uma ingena enhlabathini, ngokushesha ikholoniwa nge-microflora. Kunikezwe ngezinto eziphilayo, i-microflora yokubola yokubumba isebenzisa izakhi zokhuni nangomhlabathi, kuqeda lokhu kudla ngezakhi ezidingekayo (i-nitrogen efanayo ne-phosphorus).

Ukwakheka kwe-sawdust eyenziwe ngokhuni lwendalo akubangeli ukungezwani komzimba, ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa akusikhiphi ukuphuma okulimazayo. Kodwa udinga ukukhumbula ukuthi ukwakheka okungenhla kufaka izinkuni zemvelo, ikhwalithi yazo enquma ukwakheka kwe-sawdust. Sawdust njengoba imfucuza evela kumapulangwe etholwe ngezinsimbi efakwe ngama-glues nama-varnish angeke asetshenziswe engadini.

Izinhlobo zokubonwa kwe-sawdust nokusetshenziswa kwazo

I-Sawdust ibizwa ngohlobo oluphambili lwesiko lezinkuni: i-birch, i-linden, i-oak, isifuba, uphayini, i-aspen, i-coniferous, njll.

Zonke izinhlobo ze-sawdust (noma yiziphi izinhlobo zezihlahla) zingasetshenziswa epulazini. Kepha okokuqala udinga ukunciphisa umthelela wabo omubi ezingxenyeni zenhlabathi, usebenzisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene.

Lokhu kunguhlaza okungabizi kakhulu okungabizi kakhulu futhi okungabizi kakhulu ngohlu lwezicelo eziningi emnothweni womuntu. I-Sawdust isetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo zamapulazi, ukufakwa kwezindonga, phansi kanye nakwezinye izimo zokwakha.

Kepha okubaluleke kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwe-sawdust emisebenzini yengadi:

• Ukwenza ngcono isimo somhlabathi somhlabathi wokutshala ingadi noma izilimo zezolimo.
• Njengenye yezingxenye zokulungiselela umquba.
• Njengokusetshenziswa kokutshala imifino, imbali nezilimo zezimbali.
• I-Sawdust inezinto eziphansi ezisebenza ngokushisa futhi zingasetshenziswa njengehektare yezitshalo ezithanda ukushisa (ama-roses, izitshalo ezincane zezithelo zaseningizimu, ama-exotic ezindaweni ezibandayo).
• I-Sawdust iyisakhi esibaluleke kakhulu lapho kulungiswa imibhede efudumele.
• Njengokumboza okwenziwe ngezindlela, kusukela ekufundeni ukhula lwangemuva ngokhula.

Izindlela zokusebenzisa i-sawdust

Ukwenza ngcono izinto ezibonakalayo zenhlabathi

Inhlabathi emnyama, ubumba kanye nenhlabathi egcwala iminyene futhi inzima. Iningi lezitshalo zasengadini zithanda inhlabathi ekhanyayo, evulekile, enomoya futhi ingene. Ukwakheka okuhle kwenhlabathi enjalo kungathuthukiswa ngokungeza kuze kufike ku-50% wenqwaba yomhlaba yenkuni lapho kulungiswa izingqimba zomhlaba obamba ukushisa noma ukulungiselela izingxube zenhlabathi zezithombo ezikhulayo.

Ukuze i-sawdust inganciphisi ukuzala, ihlanganiswa nomquba womzimba ojikelezayo ngaphambi kokufakwa noma kumanyolo wamaminerali, kufakwa isisombululo se-urea noma i-mullein.

Sawdust composting

Ukulungiselela umquba kuqeda yonke impahla engemihle ye-sawdust (ukuncipha kwenhlabathi yenhlabathi ngezakhi, ukuncipha kwezakhiwo ze-oxidizer, ukwehla kwesenzo sezinto ezi-resinous, njll.).

Umquba ungalungiswa ngezindlela ezimbili:

• thola i-compost esheshayo noma ye-aerobic (enokufinyelela komoya), ezobe isilungele ukusetshenziswa ezinyangeni eziyi-1.0-2.0;
• umquba we-anaerobic (ngaphandle kokufinyelela komoya); le nqubo yokulungiselela yinde (izinyanga ezingama-3-6, ngokuya ngezakhi ezisetshenzisiwe), kepha ngale ndlela, inani lomsoco lezinto eziphilayo ligcinwa.

Umquba kusuka sawdust.

Ukulungiselela Umquba we-Aerobic

Ngale ndlela, kungenzeka ukulungiselela umquba we-sawdust-mineral, sawdust-organic ne-sawdust-exubile.

1. Okomvubelo we-sawdust-mineral we-50 kg (0.5 m³) we-sawdust engeza u-1.25 kg we-urea, u-0.4 kg we-superphosphate (kabili) no-0.75 kg we-potassium sulfate. Izicucu ziyahlakazwa ngamanzi afudumele bese kuthathwa sawdust, zixubeke njalo noma zibekwe izingqimba. Isendlalelo ngasinye sithululelwa ngesisombululo esilungiselelwe. Ngesikhathi sokufakwa komquba, inqwaba yomquba ixubene ukukhulisa ukufinyeleleka komoya, okuzosheshisa ukuvutshelwa kwezinto ezigcotshwe ngotshani.
2. Ukulungiselela umquba we-sawdust-organic, imfucumfucu yenkukhu noma umquba uyadingeka. Izinto ze-organic zengezwa ku-sawdust ngesilinganiso se-1: 1 (ngesisindo) futhi kuxutshwe ne-sawdust noma i-layered for Fermentation. Ngesikhathi sokuvutshelwa, hlanganisa inqwaba nge-pitchfork (push).
3. Ukulungiselela umquba oxutshwe nosawoti, kufakwa kuqala umquba, bese kuthi ngemuva kwenyanga ubilisiwe, kufakwe umquba noma inkukhu. Umquba wengezwa ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 1, kanti umquba wezinkukhu uphindwe kabili izikhathi (1: 0.5).

Khumbula ukuthi ukuvutshelwa okusheshayo kudinga ukubeka okulele, ngaphandle kokuqina. Umoya uzogeleza ngokukhululekile ungene kule nqwaba yomquba, ezosheshisa ukubola kwezingxenye zomquba.

Uma izindleko zibekwa entwasahlobo, khona-ke ngokuwa kwazo ziyovuthwa futhi zizolungela ukwethulwa ngaphansi kokumba. Amakhompiyutha anjalo angafakwa kubhekwe ngesigamu ngemuva kwamaviki ama-3-4. Okwamanje azingakasebenzisi umanyolo, kepha sezilahlekelwe yimpahla yemiphumela emibi enhlabathini nasezitshalweni.

Ngokumba, yenza amabhakede ama-1-2 womquba owenziwe ngomumo, kuya ngesimo senhlabathi.

Indlela yokulungiselela umquba we-Anaerobic

Endleleni ye-anaerobic, inqwaba yomquba ilungiswa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kancane kancane inezela izakhi. Emgodini we-compost obukhulu obungama-50 cm, izidalwa ezihlutshiwe ezihlukene zibekwa ezingxenyeni eziyi-15-25 cm (amaqabunga, amagatsha, ukhula olungagadliwe, umdwebo wethala, umquba, iziqongo ezivela engadini, imfucuza yokudla, njll.). Ingqimba ngayinye ifafazwa ngefosholo elilodwa noma amabili omhlabathi bese ichithwa ngesisombululo somanyolo. Kufika ku-100 g ye-nitrophoska engezwe kubhakede lekhambi.

Ngokungafani nendlela yokuqala (i-aerobic), zonke izinto zithinteka kahle ukunciphisa umoya. Kulokhu, i-anaerobic microflora yenza ukuvutshelwa. Ngemuva kokubeka inqwaba yomquba, imbozwe ngefilimu noma ungqimba lotshani. Ukuvutshelwa kuthatha izinyanga eziyi-4-6. Umquba we-Anaerobic "unempilo" futhi zonke izinhlobo zokungcola (kufaka namagatsha anokhahlo) zisetshenziselwa ukulungiswa kwawo.

Lapho kwenziwa umquba, okuqukethwe komswakama okuphezulu kwenqwaba yomquba kufanele kube yi-50-60%, izinga lokushisa + 25 ... + 30 ° С.

Izihlahla ezixubayo ezixubha ngokhuni.

Isolching Sawdust

Ukuhlanganisa ukuhumushela olimini lwesiRussia kusho ukumboza, indawo yokuhlala.

Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa imboza yesald saw:

• I-Sawdust mulch iyinto engokwemvelo engabizi kakhulu yokuthuthukisa izakhiwo zenhlabathi;
• igcina ungqimba oluphezulu lungashisi kakhulu ekushiseni;
• ukufakwa okuhle. Vikela inhlabathi ekuqandeni futhi ngasikhathi sinye udlula ngokukhululeka umoya, uvikele ukukhula kwezikhunta ezifakwayo nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane;
• I-mulch kusuka ku-sawdust ikhuthaza ukwanda kwe-oxidation kwenhlabathi, okubalulekile kwizitshalo eziningi, ikakhulukazi lezo ezinezimbali: begonias, pelargonium, ivy, ficus, cyclamen, citrus nabanye;
• ivikela amajikijolo okuvuthwa ahlangana nenhlabathi ekubolekeni nasezinambuzaneni (ama-slgs).

Izinhlungu zeSawdust Mulch

Izici ezingezinhle ze-sawdust zenzeka lapho zisetshenziswa ngokungafanele:

• ngesimo sayo esimsulwa, lokhu kwento eluhlaza kuwela ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-8-10, kusetshenziswa izakhi zomhlabathi ukuthola ukuvutshelwa;
• lapho usebenzisa i-sawdust yokwenza umquba, izinga lokushisa likhuphuka ngokushesha okukhulu;
• izinto ezingavuthiwe ezisebenza njalo zandisa i-acidity enhlabathini.

Izindlela zokusebenzisa imboza yemboza sawdust

I-sawdust ehlanzekile ihlanganisa kuphela izindlela nezinye izindawo ezingenazo izitshalo zezitshalo. Isibonelo: ama-aisles, izindlela, iziqu zezihlahla engadini.

I-mulch ekhanyayo ikhombisa imisebe yelanga, eyehlisa ukufudumala kwengqimba ephezulu yenhlabathi.

Njengoba incipha, i-mulch emsulwa yengezwa emaphaseleni nakumathrekhi. Isendlalelo se-mulch esingafinyelelwanga esingu-6-8 cm, esivuselelwa njalo, sivimbela ukukhula kokhula.

I-mulch igcina umswakama kahle enhlabathini nangaphezulu. Isikhathi eside, ungqimba olungaphezulu lugcinwa lumanzi, luwuvikela ekushayeni nasekuqhekekeni.

I-mulch isetshenziswa njengedoti ngaphansi kwesihlahla sebhusha, isivuno sayo sisakazeka emhlabathini (ngokwesibonelo: ngaphansi kwama-sitrobheli, ama-sitrobheli).

Mulch inhlabathi azungeze umqhele womqhele wezitshalo zasensimini. Ungahlanza isihlahla se-sawdust - ngokumelene nokukhula okhula nokhula njengomanyolo we-organic.

Mulch inhlabathi ngaphansi kwezitshalo idinga kuphela sawedust kusetshenzwe.

Emigqeni enezitshalo, ngaphansi kwezihlahla zezithelo, kufakwa kuphela isithombo sembozo sokucutshungulwa kuphela (komquba ovuthiwe noma obhakwe isigamu).

Ngesikhathi sokukhula, izitshalo zondliwa ngaphezulu kwe-sawdust. Umanyolo bafake isandla ekushiseni ngokweqile okusheshayo.

Ngemuva kokuvuna, umsebenzi wasekwindla wenziwa ngqo ku-semboza ngabo izithombo zezihlahla: bamba inhlabathi ngohlelo lokusetshenziswa kokuqala komanyolo wamaminerali nezinto eziphilayo.

Ukuhlanganisa imibhede ngokhuni.

Kusetshenziswa isaladi yemboza sawubona ukulungisa imibhede emide futhi efudumele

Imibhede efudumele ephezulu ilungiswa kunoma isiphi isiza (amatshe, amatshe amatshe amhlophe, anamanzi asemhlabeni aphakeme).

Imibhede efudumele (ephansi, engaphezulu) itholakala enhlabathini ebandayo, kanye nasekutholeni imifino ethanda ukushisa ekuqaleni, izithombo ezikhulayo.

Izilimo zemifino zivuthwa ngokushesha emibhedeni enjalo, zithinteka kancane ngenxa yokubola kwesikhunta futhi zithinteka yizilokazane.

Ukulungiswa kwemibhede kwenziwa ngendlela ejwayelekile:

• ngaphansi kwesisekelo kwakubekwa ungqimba "lwamanzi" lwamamagatsha awugqinsi neminye imfucuza;
• ungqimba lwesibili lumbozwe nge-sawdust, luchitheke ngesisombululo se-urea;
• afafazwe nanoma yimuphi umhlabathi, amafosholo ambalwa;
• ungqimba olandelayo ubekiwe kusuka kunoma iyiphi enye into ephilayo - utshani, umquba, ukhula olunqunyiwe, udoti wamaqabunga;
• ungqimba ngamunye unobukhulu be-10-15 cm, futhi ukuphakama okuphelele kwemibhede ngokubona komnikazi;
• imvamisa yokugcwala kokungcola kwe-organic ibekwa endaweni ephakeme ngamasentimitha angama-50-60;
• zonke izendlalelo zichithwa ngamanzi ashisayo, mhlawumbe ngesisombululo se-urea noma enye into ephathekayo (umquba, amaconsi ezinyoni);
• embozwe ifilimu emnyama; ukufudumeza ukufudumala kuvame ukuhlala isonto;
• ngemuva kokunciphisa izinga lokushisa lokuvutshelwa okusebenzayo, ifilimu iyasuswa bese kubekwa ungqimba lomhlabathi.

Umbhede ophakeme uhlukaniswa ngocingo ukuze lungaboli. Imibhede efudumele ejwayelekile ingcwatshwa enhlabathini ingama-25-30 cm noma ilungiswe ngqo enhlabathini, isusa ungqimba olungaphezulu lwenhlabathi (10-15 cm).

Uma kudingeka ngokushesha ukushisa umbhede, sebenzisa i-sawdust exutshwe nenani elincane lomcako nomlotha, okuchithelwe ngesisombululo esishisayo se-urea. Ungalungisa ingxube ye-sawdust kanye nomquba. Abalimi basebenzisa ezinye izindlela zokushisa umhlabathi wombhede ofudumele.

Ukuhlanganisa izindlela zasengadini ngethala leshuni.

Sawdust njengokufakwa kokufakelwa nokumboza

I-Sawdust ingukufakwa okuhle kwezithombo ezincane nezilimo ezithanda ukushisa.

• Lapho ukutshala ezindaweni ezibandayo zezilimo ze-thermophilic (amagilebhisi, imivini ehlukahlukene), isihlahla esikhulu se-sawdust esihlanganiswe nama-chips amancane (njengamanzi) sithululelwa phansi komgodi wokutshala. Bazosebenza njengomsizi wokushisa ovela emakhazeni ajulile.
• I-Sawdust ingagcwaliswa (ithambekele kancane) ngezikhwama zepulasitiki noma izikhwama futhi ihlanganiswe ngazo zonke izinhlangothi ngezimpande kanye namahlumela ezitshalo ezincane ngaphambi kwesigaxa esibandayo.
• Kungenzeka ukugcwalisa lonke ubude ngamagilebhisi e-sawdust bent, i-clematis, ama-raspberry kanye nezinye izitshalo ezigoqwe emhlabathini. Mboza ngefilimu ngaphezulu bese uqhoboza noma ukhiphe umoya oshaya umoya. Indawo yokukhosela enje ilungiswa ngaphambi kwesithwathwa impela ukuze amagundane, amanye amagundane nezinambuzane kungahleleli "amafulethi" ebusika afudumele.
• Indawo yokuhlala efudumele ingalungiselelwe ama-rose bush, ezinye izitshalo ezithanda ukushisa kanye nezithombo zezithelo ezincane ngendlela yamapulangwe ezinkuni. Thela sawdust ngaphezulu kohlaka. Sakaza umhlabathi ngokhuni bese uyimboza nge-foil. Kuzovela umgodi wokuqala noma indunduma efudumele. Uma uthulula umdwebo wezinkuni ngaphakathi kwezihlangu futhi umboza iphaneli yesihlangu ngefilimu, izihlahla zizosinda kahle ebusika. Entwasahlobo, izihlahla kufanele zikhululwe ekuthangeni, ukuze kuthi lapho iqhwa lincibilike, amanzi angangeni ngaphakathi nokubola kwengxenye engezansi yezitshalo kungaqali. Ungashiyi sawdust ivulekile. Zigcwele umswakama, zibambe endaweni eyodwa futhi izitshalo ezingaphansi kwendawo yokukhosela ziyafa.

Le ndatshana inikezela ngohlu oluncane kuphela lokusetshenziswa kwe-sawdust engadini nasengadini. Bhala ngokusebenzisa kwakho sawdust. Isipiliyoni sakho sizosetshenziswa ngokubonga ngabafundi bethu, ikakhulukazi abalimi be-novice kanye nabalimi.