Izimvu ezifuywayo zingenye yezilwane ezikhula ngokushesha, ezingenangqondo futhi ezikhiqizayo epulazini. Akumangazi ukuthi izinhlobo zokuqala zezimvu zokufuya ezifuywayo zavela ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka edlule. Inqubo yokukhetha ayimisi namuhla. Uma izilwane zasendaweni yonke zangaphambili zazinenani elikhulu kunazo zonke, zinikeza umnikazi wazo uboya nenyama, ukucasha, ubisi namafutha abalulekile, manje kunalokho okuthandwa kakhulu kunikezwa ezinhlobonhlobo ngokugxila okusobala.
Ngokuya ngesimo sezulu, izidingo nezidingo, amapulazi amakhulu namancanyana a ngokukhethekile ekukhuleni:
- izinhlobo zezinja zezimvu;
- inyama nenyama nezinhlobonhlobo zenyama;
- izilwane ezinikeza ikhwalithi ephezulu noboya.
Kunezinhlobo zezinja okufuyelwa kuzo kusiza abakhiqizi bemikhiqizo yobisi yokudla, kufaka phakathi i-cottage shizi, iziphuzo zobisi olunoshukela noshizi. Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, izimvu ezinomsila ezikhulu zibaluleke kakhulu.
Izici zokuzalela kwezimvu, izithombe nezincazelo zazo kuzosiza abafuyi bezimvu abaqalayo ukuba bajwayelane nalezi zilwane futhi benze umhlambi wazo ngokufanele.
Romanovskaya zohlobo lwezimvu
Uhlobo lomdabu waseRussia wezimvu oluvele emapulazini esifundazwe saseYaroslavl ngekhulu le-XVIII. Naphezu kweminyaka ethandekayo yezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane ezifuywayo, ukuzalela kusathandwa kakhulu futhi kusakazekile.
Isici esibonisa uhlobo lokuzalelwa kwezimvu zaseRomanovsk ubuciko bayo obuphezulu.
Ngenxa yekhono lezindlovukazi ukuletha amawundlu namawundlu amaningana, kungakhathalekile ukuthi isiphi isikhathi, izilwane zikhombisa umkhiqizo omuhle kakhulu wokukhiqiza inyama, yize isisindo sezimvu nabadala besifazane sisekude nabamele izinhlobo zohlobo lwezimvu ezinokulunga kakhulu.
Amawundlu amaRomanovskaya wohlobo lwezimvu asheshe athole isisindo. Ukukhula okusha kwezinyanga eziyisikhombisa kunesisindo esingama-30-35 kg. Isisindo sezinqama ezivuthiwe zifinyelela ku-80-100 kg, izinsikazi zinokukhanya okuncane. Namuhla, lokhu kuzalaniswa kokulungiswa kwezindlu kusekelwa inzalo ephezulu evela kubanikazi bemizi yangasese nasemapulazini. Ngaphezu kwekhwalithi yenyama enhle, izilwane zithola ubisi olunempilo olunokuqukethwe kwamafutha cishe ama-7%.
Ngesikhathi sokuzala, izimvu ziyakwazi ukukhiqiza amalitha ayikhulu womkhiqizo obalulekile.
U-Eldibaevskaya wohlobo lwezimvu
Okhokho bezimvu zohlobo lwe-Edilbaevskiy zohlobo lwe-Edilbaevskiy ezitholwe emuva kakhulu njengoba kwenzeka kuleli khulu leminyaka eyedlule ziyizilwane ezinonile zomsila wamaKazakh nezimvu ezinamakhanda amakhulu avela esifundazweni sase-Astrakhan. Inzalo yalezi zinhlobo ezilukhuni yazuza njengezici ezinhle kakhulu zabazali bayo futhi yakwazi ukusinda ngisho nasezimweni ezinzima kakhulu ze-steppe, esimweni sezulu esomile esinokudla okuncane.
Izimvu ze-Edilbayevsky - uhlobo oluzekelela ukushisa, ukubanda, ukubhoboza umoya.
Lapho zifuna amadlelo amasha, izilwane zinqoba amabanga amade futhi ngasikhathi sinye zikwazi ukondla kuze kufike ku-120 kg wesisindo ezimvwini, kanye nama-75 kg ezimvini. Namuhla, lokhu kuzalaniswa kwezimvu kungabonwa kuphela ezinqabeni zaseKazakh, kodwa futhi nasezindaweni eziseningizimu yeRussia, lapho kukhuthazelwa ukukhuthazela nokukhiqiza inyama ephezulu yezilwane.
Uhlobo lwezinkukhu lweHissar
Amafutha ewundlu angumkhiqizo obalulekile, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zokufuywa kwezimvu kwendabuko, ezinqume ukubukeka kwezinhlobo zonke zezilwane ezifuywayo. Izimvu zenyama enamafutha noma ezinamafutha zisazaziwa kakhulu e-Asia, Middle East naseCaucasus. Amafutha emzimbeni wezilwane zamafutha ezinsila zamafutha awanqwabelani ngokulinganayo, kepha esifundeni somsila kuphela, enza izinqolobane eziningi zekhilogremu.
Uhlobo lweHissar lwezimvu luyisimeli esicacile sezinhlobonhlobo ezithwala inyama. Izilwane ezinkulu zikhula zibe isisindo esili-190, futhi cishe ingxenye yesithathu yomzimba wazo iwela emsileni wamafutha ezimvu.
Izimvu ezinama-Hardy, ezivumelane kahle namadlelo ezintabeni nezinguquko, zathandwa kakhulu ngesikhathi seSoviet, futhi zisakhula ngenkuthalo emapulazini azimele. Lezi zilwane zinokungavikeleki okuhle, futhi zikhula ngokushesha, kepha azifani ngokuhlukahluka. Isisindo semvu esikhulile sifinyelela kuma-90, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ama-kilogramu ayi-150, izinqama zikhulu ngisho nangokwengeziwe. Isisindo sesidumbu senyama sidlula i-140, nezimvu ezinomsila ononile - 180 kg. Izimvu ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuqunjelwa zinika amalitha ayi-120 obisi.
Ukufuya izimvu ngezinja Merino
Izinga elingajwayelekile lokuzalela kwezimvu lokujwayezwa ngoboya yiMerino. Lokhu kuzalaniswa kwezimvu kwaqala ukutholakala eNhlonhlo yase-Iberia. Futhi abaseSpain basaziqhenya ngokufanele ngaleliqiniso, uma bebheka izimvu zamaMerino bazala umcebo wezwe. Manje i-Australia yaziwa njengesizinda somhlaba wonke sokuzalela lezi zilwane. Izimvu ezinama-fleeked anejazi elicinene, elithambile, okuthi, ngemuva kokugunda nokulungisa, liya ekwakhiweni kwezingubo, izindwangu nezindwangu ezisezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezimvu zezinhlobo zenyama, ama-Merinos awakwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi makhulu, kepha inani loboya obude obumhlophe kusuka kumuntu oyedwa lingafinyelela ku-18 kg. Namuhla, abalimi bezimvu banazo izinhlobo eziningana zemizila nemigqa ye-pedigree etholwe ngesisekelo se-Merino noma ilingana nabo ngekhwalithi nenani loboya obuhle bobuhlalu.
Engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lama-20, i-USSR yathola izinhlobo zayo zezimvu zeMerino. Okhokho baseSoviet merino, ababengaphansi kwabaseSpain nabase-Australia abadumile, babeyizimvu ezifuywayo ezivela e-Altai, Stavropol naseChechnya, kanye nabamele uhlobo lwezimvu lwaseRamboulier. Ngokungafani nama Merinos angaphandle, izilwane ezifuywayo zikhulu. Izimvu zinesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-110, futhi izimvu zicishe zibe yingxenye. Lokhu kuzalaniswa kwezimvu okuhehayo kusathakazelisa kakhulu kubalimi bezimvu baseRussia futhi kusetshenziswa emsebenzini wokufuya.
Igatsha laseFrance iMerino limelelwa ngohlobo lwezimvu zasePrech ezinezikhumba ezinhle ezinhle futhi ezingakhiqizi kakhulu umkhiqizo. Umlando wohlobo lokuzalwa waqala ngekhulu le-XIX. Eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, izinhlobo ezinobuhlakani zazalwa. Izilwane zazizibonakalisa njengezomeleleyo, ezivumelana nezimo kalula ngisho nasezimeni zasenyakatho ezinzima. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-Prekos, ngokuqhathaniswa nezinhlobo zokuthambekela ngoboya kuphela, idinga amadlelo abanzi.
Izinqama ezindala zikhula zize zibe ngu-120 kg wesisindo, inqwaba yezimvu ivame ukufika kuma-70 kg. Izimvu zama-prekos zivundile kakhulu kunezinye izilwane ze-merino, zingomama abalungile, okucacisiwe ngenxa yobungozi benzalo ebuthaka edinga ukunakekelwa.
Kuibyshev zohlobo lwezimvu
Olunye uhlobo lokufuya lwezimvu ezigcinwa ekhaya lunokuthambekela kwenyama, ukuvuthwa kusenesikhathi kakhulu nokukhuthazela. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinhlobo zohlobo lwezinkukhu zaseKuibyshev zibonisa izici ezinhle kakhulu zabathengi bokudla okuminyene ngaphandle kwenyama, isimilo sephunga le-mutton.
Izimvu zeKuibyshev zitholakala kalula ngomzimba wazo oqinile, imilenze enemisipha, ebanzi emuva nesifuba, intamo emfushane nekhanda elingenazimpondo. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, lezi zimvu zenyama yenkomo zifana nezilwane ezidumile zeRomney Mashi.
Isisindo semvu sifinyelela ku-190 kg, izinsikazi zinesisindo esingama-100 kg. Amawundlu wohlobo lweKuibyshev azwana ngokushesha futhi abambe omama bawo ngesisindo lapho efika izinyanga eziyisithupha.
Izimvu zizalela uDorper
Izimvu zaseNingizimu Afrika ezalwelwa iDorper zatholwa abafuyi bendawo ngenhloso yokufuya imfuyo yenyama ekhiqizayo kanye nezimvu zoboya ngokukhuthala okukhulu nangokunemba okuhle ezimeni ezinzima zelizwekazi. Ngokwesisekelo somsebenzi, izilwane uDorset Horn kanye nezimpondo ezimnyama zomsila wamaPheresiya kanye nezinye izinhlobo kwathathwa.
UDorper akazange akhohlise okulindelwe ososayensi nabalimi bezimvu. Kwaphela cishe ikhulu leminyaka, lokhu kuzalaniswa kwezimvu bekulokhu kuqinisekisa ikhono layo lokuphila cishe ogwadule, kudluliswa ngokudla okwehla esiphundu futhi kuphake isisindo esihle ohambweni olude emithambekeni edwala.
Isisindo semvu sifinyelela ku-140 kg, izinsikazi ezindala zinciphile. Amawundlu anonyaka owodwa afinyelela isisindo esifanayo, cishe angama-50-60 kg.
Izimvu zohlobo lwezimvu
Ukuzalelwa kwezimvu ze-Texel kubhekwa njengenye yezindala kakhulu eYurophu. Kukhona futhi umbono wokuthi izilwane zenyama noboya ezininezimpawu ezifanayo zazaziwa nangezikhathi zeGrand Great. Kepha ukunakwa okukhethekile kwezimvu ezingenazimpondo eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule. Kwakungalesi sikhathi lapho abantu bendabuko yaseDashi bathola ukumiselwa kwegazi elisha laseBrithani, futhi kwakhiwa indinganiso entsha yokutshala ngokufanele emapulazini azimele nasemapulazini amakhulu azalanayo.
Njengomphumela womsebenzi wokukhetha, abalimi bezimvu nososayensi bakwazile ukuthola inhlanganisela ephelele yokukhiqizwa kwenyama kanye nokuba khona koboya obukhulu, obuthambile, obuphakeme kakhulu ezilwaneni ezinkulu.
Izimvu zikhula zibe ngama-70 kg, isisindo sezinqama ezindala zingadlula i-160 kg.
Izilwane zisaqala, azikhathaleli futhi zihlukaniswa ngokungaziphathi kahle, okubalulekile lapho kugcinwa izinhlobo zezinja ekhaya. Ngakho-ke, namuhla uhlobo lokuzalela kwezimvu ze-Texel lukhethwa izinkulungwane zabanini bamapulazi emhlabeni wonke nase Russia ikakhulukazi.
