Izihlahla eziningi zikhula iminyaka eminingi endaweni eyodwa, kancane kancane zidwebe izinto eziwusizo emhlabathini. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ziqala ukungaphuthelwa, izitshalo ziyagula, zibune, zinikeze isivuno esincane. Ukufaka izihlahla zezithelo ekwindla kwenzelwe ukuxazulula le nkinga.
Kungani sidinga ukugqokwa kwezihlahla zaphezulu ekwindla
Isivuno esicebile sehlisa ukulethwa kwezinto ezidingekayo zezihlahla zezithelo ukuze kukhule futhi kuthuthukiswe. Izinto ezingekho emkhombeni zenziwa kabusha ngokudla ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kwezitshalo ebusika, lapho ukugeleza kwe-sap kumisiwe. Umanyolo usiza izihlahla zikwazi ukusinda ngenkathi enzima futhi zilungiselele isikhathi sokukhula esilandelayo.
Ngemuva kwaphakathi nehlobo, izinhlanganisela ze-nitrogen azethulwanga enhlabathini
Ukuqinisa ukungavikeleki kwezihlahla, zinikezwa nge-nitrogen, potassium ne phosphorus. Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kokuqala ubusika, kuyingozi ukwengeza i-nitrogen: izihlahla "zizocabanga" ukuthi intwasahlobo ifikile, kuzovela amahlumela amaningi, ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo ngeke abe nesikhathi sokumboza ngengodo aze afe.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukunikeza ingxube enempilo ezihlahleni ezinjenge:
- I-Apricot
- UCherry
- eliphakathi kwe;
- peach;
- iplamu;
- ipipi elimnandi;
- umuthi we-apula.
Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho bondla ipulamu, izihlahla ezingama-cherry nezama-apricot nge-superphosphate ne-potassium monophosphate: 15 g yokufaka umquba ngebhakede lamanzi ayi-10 - lokhu kwanele kumanyolo nge-1 sq. Km. m yenhlabathi. Ngendlela eyomile yokutshala emhlabathini, uzodinga ama-gramu angama-30 g ngesikwele esisodwa. m
Kukhona umanyolo okhethekile wezihlahla zezithelo, wezitshalo ezingama-berry, kuyo yonke ingadi ebhalwe ukuthi "ekwindla"
I-Sawdust yengezwa enhlabathini enobumba obukhulu (kungcono ukubola, kepha futhi intsha). Ngakho-ke inhlabathi iba lula, ibe nokuphefumula.
Abanye abalimi be-novice bemba amaqabunga awile ngaphansi kwezihlahla. Kodwa-ke, abazi ukuthi kanye nazo izinambuzane, izinambuzane, namagciwane zingena emhlabathini.
Eduzane nezimpande, kungcono ukumba umgodi we-zucchini onempilo - kuvela umgodi omncane womquba.
Ungazondla kanjani izilimo zasengadini ngokuya ngeminyaka yazo
Kunconywa ukusebenzisa ukwakheka okuhlukile kokugqoka okwindla okuphezulu kwezithombo kanye nezihlahla ezindala. Izakhi zizohluka futhi. Ezinye izitshalo ziyafa ngenxa yokudla ngokweqile kwezakhamzimba.
Abalimi abaningi basebenzisela ngempumelelo umanyolo wamaminerali we-potash-phosphorus ngomlotha
Amaviki ama-3-4 ngaphambi kwama-fract azayo, imigodi emincane yenziwa ngokuzungeza izihlahla zezithelo. Kwesikwele esingu-1. m yendawo yokusatshalaliswa kwezimpande ineqhaza:
- usawoti we-potassium (1.5 matchbox);
- i-superphosphate (1/4 tbsp.);
- i-humus (5 kg).
Ekwindla, izithombo ziwusizo ikakhulu ekondleni ngomlotha wezinkuni. Ngaphansi kwezihlahla zezithelo ezingekho ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-8, kulethwa amabhakede ama-humus angamavolumu ayi-10 amalitha, ngaphansi kwezihlahla ezindala - amabhakethi ayi-6 anjalo ngesilayidi. Umanyolo uvale ngokujula ngenkathi kokumba komhlaba.
Ngesikhathi sokufakelwa ekwindla, umanyolo ngaphandle kwentwasahlobo ufakwa enhlabathini. Njengoba i-nitrogen ingathandeki, kungcono ukugxila kwezinye izakhamzimba. Ngakho-ke, umquba omusha uthululelwa phansi komgodi uhlukaniswe nezimpande zezithombo ngohlaka lomhlaba. Kepha okubolile kuyathandeka. Kusetshenziswe amabhakede ama-5 emgodini ngamunye. Umquba uxutshwe ne-substrate ye-peat noma i-compost yakudala, isihlabathi, nenhlabathi.
Izinga le-superphosphate eliphindwe kabili kumgodi owodwa wokufika ngu-100-200 g; potassium sulfate - 150-300 g. Kanye njalo emva kweminyaka engama-3-4, ungasebenzisa ufulawa we-phosphorite - ukugqoka okuphezulu kwekwindla okuphezulu.
Izingubo ezi-5 ezithandwa kakhulu ezihlahleni zezithelo ekwindla
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwe-organic kusiza ukukhulisa isivuno futhi kuthuthukise ukwakheka kwenhlabathi. Amaminerali asekela uhlelo lwezimpande. Kungcono ukuhlanganisa kokubili lokho nabanye: ngale ndlela inhlabathi izogcwala zonke izinto ezibalulekile zokulandela umkhondo ezidingekayo ebusika. Ezitolo izingxube ezikhethekile zengubo ephezulu yekwindla ziyathengiswa.
Umlotha wezinkuni
Ekwindla, kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa ukwakheka komhlaba esakhiweni segadi. Qinisekisa umhlaba ngomlotha wezinkuni: 1/4 kg nge-1 sq. Km. m. Njengengxenye yokugqoka ephezulu ayikho i-nitrogen, kepha kukhona kalula i-potassium yokugaya, phosphorus ne-calcium. Emlotheni kukhona i-boron, i-zinc, yethusi, i-iron, i-magnesium, i-manganese. Lezi zinto zithuthukisa ukungasebenzi kwezitshalo.
I-Ash ithathwa njengomthombo wemvelo we-phosphorus ne-potassium, ukuqoqwa kwayo okuhlukahluka kusuka emthonjeni wezinto ezishisiwe.
Ngaphambi kokugqoka kukaSepthemba ngaphezulu, ukuthambisa kwenhlabathi kuyadingeka. Kuthatha amanzi amaningi: ukusuka kumalitha angama-200 kuye kwangama-250 amalitha esihlahla ngasinye. Inani lamanzi lincike eminyakeni yobudala besitshalo nobukhulu bomqhele waso. Ukuze kuthathwe umswakama ongcono, kugaywa umhlaba eduze nesiqu. Ngemuva kwalokho, kufakwa umanyolo womlotha (200 g nge-1 sq. M), kuthathwe futhi kufakwe emanzini ukuze kuncishiswe uthuthu kanye nokushisa izimpande.
I-Ash itholakala ngamahlamvu avuthayo, amagatsha, amagxolo angadingekile futhi agcinwe endaweni evikelwe umswakama. Iphesenti lezakhi zokugqoka ezi-organic lincike ezintweni zokusetshenziswa okuluhlaza:
- Umlotha osele ngemuva kokushiswa imivini, iziqongo zamazambane kanye nojongilanga kucebile nge-potassium (40%).
- Kwi-birch, umlotha, i-oki ash, cishe ne-30% calcium.
- Umanyolo otholakala kumaConifers nezihlahlana une-phosphorus eningi.
Siderata
Muva nje, abalimi besimanje sebeke bathatha indawo yomquba ngomquba oluhlaza (umquba oluhlaza). Inani labo lokudla liyafana, kepha lishibhile kakhulu. Yebo, futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa.
Izinsalela zezitshalo ziqukethe uhla oluphelele lwezakhamzimba: i-nitrogen, potassium ne phosphorus
Izitshalo ezikhulwe njengomanyolo wasekwindla zisikwa zisuka embhedeni wengadi bese zibekwa ngaphansi kwezihlahla zezithelo ngesendlalelo esingamasentimitha ayi-15-20. Ukubola okusheshayo, i-mulch ngotshani.
Kuyinto elula lapho umanyolo oluhlaza ukhula ngqo ngaphansi kwezihlahla. Ngemuva kwalokho ebusika, izitshalo eziluhlaza ngeke zinqunywe - zona ngokwazo zizofa isithwathwa, kuthi lapho entwasahlobo zizobola ngokwengxenye ngamagciwane omhlabathi.
Ngenxa yama-siderates kanye nokunye ukugqokwa okuphezulu kwe-organic, ukuqina kwesendlalelo esivundile kuyanda. Umanyolo ungena emhlabathini, lapho iba ukudla kwamagciwane omhlabathi kanye nezimbaza zomhlaba. Ngamanzi emvula, izinsalela zezakhi ziyafika ezingxenyeni ezingaphansi. Lapho, ngemuva kokudla, ama-microorganisms angena futhi ashiye imikhiqizo yawo yokungcola lapho.
I-potassium sulfate
I-potassium sulfate (potassium sulfate) - ukondla ngendlela yamapherishi, okubandakanya hhayi kuphela i-potassium (50%), kodwa futhi nesibabule (18%), oksijini, i-magnesium, ne-calcium.
I-potassium iyadingeka ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni kokutshala engadini, ukuze kube nezithelo ezinhle. Le nto etholakalayo ithuthukisa ukuvikela kokuzivikela komzimba kanye nesitshalo semetaboliki esezingeni lamaselula, isuse umswakama ngokweqile, bese ijusi liba likhulu. Ngesikhathi sokutshala kwekwindla kwezithombo, i-150-200 g ye-potassium sulfate iyadingeka umgodi ngamunye wokutshala.
Ukunisela ukulayisha amanzi ngaphambi kobusika kuzogcina uhlelo lwezimpande zesihlahla eziqandeni ezinzima, ngaphandle kwendawo yokushiswa yilanga kwamagatsha namagxolo
Kungcono ukufaka umanyolo ngenkathi ukhulula inhlabathi ezungeze isiqu: 30 g nge-1 sq. Km. m. Kungcono ukuthi uvale izindlwana ukuze ujule lapho iningi lesistimu likhona. Ngalo, izihlahla zimunca kangcono umsoco. Lapho usinda inhlabathi, uya ngokuya ujula ngokujula.
I-Superphosphate
I-Superphosphate - ukugqoka kwamaminerali aphezulu. Imvamisa ifakwa kumanyolo we-potash. Le tandem isebenza kahle kakhulu kunangesikhathi lapho izinto ezisetshenziswe zodwa. I-phosphorus isekela futhi iqinise uhlelo lwezimpande, isiza ujusi wamaselula ukuqongelela amaprotheni noshukela. Ngenxa yalokhu, izihlahla ziyasinda ekubandeni okulula.
Izihlahla ze-Apple namapheya zidinga ama-300 g we-superphosphate ne-potassium sulfate. Kwesinye isikhathi zifakwa emhlabathini nge-humus. Kepha ungakhohlwa ukuthi izingquza ze-phosphorus ezisakazeke emhlabathini uqobo ngeke zifinyelele ezimpandeni. Amapulangwe nama-cherries athelwa ngomusa nesixazululo: 3 tbsp. l i-superphosphate ne-2 tbsp. l potassium sulfate nge-10 amalitha amanzi. Isihlahla ngasinye sithatha amabhakede angama-4-5.
I-iron sulfate
Okokugqoka okungaphezulu kwefoliar ngensimbi yokuntuleka kwensimbi emhlabathini, kusetshenziswa i-iron sulfate. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibhubhisa ubala lwefungus, moss kanye ne-lichens ku-bark. Izingubo ezivikelayo kanye nama-goggles kufanele zigqokwe lapho uphatha izinto ezinobuthi.
Ngaphezu kokufaka umanyolo, kubalulekile ekwindla ukuphatha ingadi kusuka ezinambuzaneni
Ukushoda kwensimbi kubalwa yi-chlorosis yamaqabunga amancane (isifo lapho amaqabunga eba ophuzi aphuzi), kanti ezindala azishintshi umbala. Ukuze wenzele ukusweleka kwalesi sakhi, i-50 g yensimbi sulfate ihlanjululwe ngo-10 l wamanzi.
Ividiyo: Ukunakekelwa Kwezithelo Zesithelo se-Autumn
Ukufaka izihlahla zezithelo ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukugcotshwa kwenhlabathi ngezinto eziwusizo kusiza izilimo zasengadini ukusinda ebusika. Umgcini wegadi ngamunye ukhetha leyo manyolo lapho kulula kakhulu ukusebenza nayo.
