I-monocotyledonous flowering bulbous plant eukomis (Eucomis) imele umndeni we-Asparagus. Endle, imbali enjalo ingatholwa lapha eNingizimu Afrika. I- "Eukomis" ihunyushwa kusuka esiGrekini ngokuthi "unezinwele ezinhle". Ngakho-ke lolu hlobo lwegama labizwa ngokuthi uCharles Louis Lerieri de Brutel, futhi lokhu kwenzeka ngonyaka we-1788. Abalimi bahlakulela izinhlobo ezi-4 ze-eukomis, kanti sekuphelele lolu hlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo eziyi-14. Inzuzo yalesi sitshalo ukuthi igcina ukuhlobisa kwayo okuphezulu kakhulu ngisho nangemuva kokuqhakaza kwezimbali isikhathi eside.
Izici ze-eukomis
I-Eukomis ingamakhambi angapheli. Amabhuleki afinyelela ku-80 mm ngaphesheya anejamo lokusaqanda. Kukhona namapuleti amaqabunga ama-basal leaf acwebezelayo, ukwakheka kwawo kubunjiwe ngebhande noma nge-ovoid. Ukuphakama kwama-peduncle we-cylindrical cishe ngamasentimitha ayi-100. I-inflorescences yefomu le-racemose ikhula kubo, efana nephayinaphu engaphezulu, ifinyelela ubude obungamamitha ayi-0.3 Izimbali zinesondo lesondo, zipendwe ngombala oluhlaza okotshani noma omhlophe ngombala onsomi noma onsomi. Ukwakheka kwezimbali kufaka ama-lobes perianth perianth perianth fuse kwisisekelo, kanti futhi amanye ama-stamens ayi-6 afake i-anthers eshintshashintshayo. Ngaphezulu kwesihloko somcibisholo wezimbali ngaphezulu kwezimbali kukhona inqwaba, okubandakanya ama-broker aluhlaza angama-10 kuye kwangama-20, ngenxa yawo lesi sitshalo sifana nophayinaphu. Izithelo yisembozo esinezimbambo ezintathu somumo oyindilinga, ngaphakathi kukhona imbewu ye-ovoid noma eyindilinga yombala onsundu noma omnyama.
Ukutshala kwe-eukomis yangaphandle
Isikhathi sokutshala
Ukutshala ama-eukomis ama bulb enhlabathini evulekile kwenziwa enhlabathini efudumele kahle, ngemuva kokuthi isithwathwa sokubuya kwentwasahlobo sishiywe emuva, njengomthetho, kulokhu kuwela ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaMeyi noma zikaJuni. Uma isifunda sakho sinentwasahlobo ebandayo futhi ende, khona-ke kulokhu kunconywa ukuqala ukukhulisa ama-bulbs esitsheni esijulile esigcwele ukuhlanganiswa kwenhlabathi, futhi kuzothunyelwa endaweni ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaMashi noma ezinsukwini zokuqala zika-Ephreli. Lapho utshala isibani ngokuphoqelela, akufanele singcwatshwe ngokuphelele engxenyeni yenhlabathi, ingxenye engenhla kufanele ikhuphuke kancane ngaphezu kobuso bayo.
Imithetho yokufakelwa
Isiko elinjalo kufanele likhule endaweni enokhanya kahle evikelekile kokusalungiswa nomoya oqinile womoya. Inhlabathi kumele ibe yikhululekile, ilula, futhi ikhiqizwe kahle futhi igcwele humus. Ukwenza ngcono ukuthambisa kwenhlabathi, kufanele kubiwe ngenkathi kwenziwa amatshe amatshe, isihlabathi somfula noma isitini esiqhekekile.
Ngesikhathi sokutshala, ama, kuye ngosayizi, kufanele angcwatshwe emhlabathini ngo-25-35 mm, kanti ibanga phakathi kwezihlahla kufanele okungenani libe amasentimitha ayi-15, futhi ububanzi phakathi kwezintambo kufanele bube ngamamitha angama-0.3 kuya kwangama-0.4.
Nakekela ama-eukomis engadini
Ungawunisela kanjani amanzi futhi uwondle
Akukhathalekile ukuthi kutshalwe kuphi isibani se-eukomis (ebhodweni lokuhluma noma enhlabathini evulekile), ekuqaleni kufanele unkalwe kabi. Kepha ngemuva kokuqala kokukhula okukhulu kwembali enjalo, izodinga ukuniselwa ngokuhlelekile nangokuchichimayo. Ngemuva kokuthi isitshalo siniselwe noma kudlule imvula, kubalulekile ukukhulula ingaphezulu lomhlabathi eduze kwesihlahla, ngenkathi kudula konke ukhula. Lapho isitshalo siphela, kubalulekile ukunciphisa kancane kancane ukuthambisa. Futhi ngemuva kokuba amaqabunga amaqabunga ephenduka aphuzi, isihlahla kudingeka siyeke ukuniselwa ngokuphelele.
Ukuqhakaza kwezimbali okuhlala isikhathi eside futhi okuxakile, ama-eukomis kufanele ondliwe izikhathi ezi-2 ngenyanga, esebenzisa umanyolo oyimbumba wamaminerali ngendlela ewuketshezi. Kepha kufanele kwaziwe ukuthi ubuncane be-nitrogen kufanele bube kumanyolo, into enjalo iyingozi kakhulu kuma-eukomis.
Ungashintsha kanjani
Ukukhulisa imbali enjalo engadini yakho kulula kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, isitshalo esinjalo sidinga ukufakelwa okuvamisile, okufanele kwenziwe minyaka yonke, kungakhathaleki ukuthi sikhula kuphi: endaweni evulekile noma esitsheni. Iqiniso ngukuthi inkambiso enjalo ayihlukile ekumeni kwesithwathwa esiphezulu. Amabhuleki ekwindla azodinga ukususwa emhlabathini futhi lokhu kumele kwenziwe ngaphambi kokuqalwa kweqhwa. Ngemuva kwalokho zigcinwa ukugcinwa egumbini ebusika, emva kwalokho ziphinde zitshalwe engadini ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-eukomis
Lesi sitshalo singasakazwa izindlela zokuzala (imbewu) nezindlela zokutshala imifino. Uma isihlahla sisatshalaliswa ngendlela yemifino, siyabe sigcina zonke izici zesitshalo sikamama. Ngesikhathi sonyaka, kubalwa inani elincane lezingane kwi-bulb yomzali. Ukwahlukaniswa kwezingane kwenziwa lapho isikhathi sokuphumula sibhekwa ku-eukomis. Izindawo zokusika noma zamaphutha kufanele zifafazwe ngamalahle achotshoziwe. Zombili izinhlamvu ezihlukanisiwe nezomama zitshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo noma emasontweni okuqala ehlobo.
Izinhlobo ezingama-eukomis kuphela ezingasakazwa ngendlela yembewu. Imbewu entsha isetshenziselwa ukuhlwanyela. Kuhlwanyelwa emabhokisini noma ezimbizeni ezigcwele substrate. Izithombo zokuqala kufanele zivele ngemuva kwamasonto ayi-4-6. Ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo ezinjalo kufanele kufane ncamashi nezithombo zezinye isiko. Izimbali zokuqala zezihlahla ezitshalwe kusuka imbewu zingabonakala kuphela emva kweminyaka emithathu noma 4 ngemuva kokuhlwanyela.
Ukusakazwa kwembali enjalo kungenziwa ngokusikwa kwamaqabunga. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuyadingeka ukusula ipuleti leqabunga esihlahleni ngqo esisekelweni salo, emva kwalokho ishidi elinento ebukhali lihlukaniswe izingxenye, ubude bawo kufanele buhlukahlukane kusuka ku-40 kuye ku-60 mm, kuyilapho kuchazwe ingxenye engezansi noma ephezulu. Ngemuva kwalokho izingcezu zingcwatshwa nengxenye engezansi engxenyeni yenhlabathi equkethe i-peat nesihlabathi ukuya ekujuleni kwama-25 mm. Ngemuva kwalokho ukusikeka okunamaqabunga kudinga ukumbozwa ngesimbozi esibonakalayo esivela phezulu futhi sibanikeze izinga lokushisa elingama-degrees angama-20. Faka umoya usika kanye ezinsukwini eziyi-7, kulokhu isikhashana ususe indawo yokukhosela. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-2-2,5, ama-bulbs amancane kufanele akha onqenqemeni lwezingxenye zamapuleti amaqabunga. Kufanele ziklwebulwe ngokucophelela futhi zitshaleke endaweni engaphansi, lapho kufanele zikhule ziye ngosayizi oludingekayo.
Ubusika
Ngemuva kokuqhakaza kwezihlahla, kudingeka asuse imicibisholo yezimbali, kuyilapho ipuleti lamaqabunga kufanele lisale, ngoba ngenxa yabo i-eukomis izothola izakhi zomzimba kuze kufike ukuwa. Emavikini wokuqala ekwindla, kuphuzi, kufiphala, futhi kufe ngamapuleti amaqabunga kuyabonakala, ngenkathi isikhathi se-bulb siqala ku-bulb. Lapho sikhula lesi sitshalo ezifundeni ezinobusika obufudumele obufudumele, lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lingashoni ngaphansi kwama-zero degrees, ama-bulbs awasuswa emhlabathini uma efisa, kepha ngaphambi nje kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, ingaphezulu lesakhiwo simbozwe ngengqimba yamagatsha e-spruce noma amaqabunga endiza. Kodwa-ke, ezifundeni ezinesithwathwa esineqhwa, isithwathwa esincane, noma isikhathi ebusika esingasilindelekile, kunconywa ukuthi ama-bulbs asuswe emhlabathini ngezinsuku zokugcina zikaSepthemba, inhlabathi esele iyasuswa kubo futhi icwiliswe isikhashana kusisombululo sikaMaxim. Ngemuva kokuba sebomile, kufanele bafakwe ezikhwameni zamaphepha noma izindwangu ezigcinwe egumbini elipholile nelomile elinomoya omuhle. Uma ama-bulb ambalwa, khona-ke angagcinwa ukuze agcinwe eshalofini esiqandisini, enzelwe imifino, kuyilapho kudingeka ukuthi ucabangele ukuthi ama-apula akufanele abekwe eceleni kwawo. Uma ufisa, i-eukomis ingatshalwa ezimbizeni ezigcwele ingxube yomhlabathi efanelekile. Zigcinwa emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni, kanti kuyadingeka ukunisela i-substrate kancane uma kunesidingo ukuze lingoma.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Imvamisa, i-eukomis ine-bulb rot. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokuxinana koketshezi enhlabathini ngesikhathi sokukhula, futhi lokhu kuyenziwa futhi ngokulondolozwa okungafanele ngesikhathi sokushisa. Amabhishi athintekile noma ama-bulbs adinga ukuphathwa ngesixazululo sokulungiswa kwe-fungicidal, ngokwesibonelo: I-Topaz, i-Fundazole, i-Ambulensi noma enye i-ejenti efana nayo. Ukuze ubhubhise isikhunta ezimeni eziningi, kuzodingeka ukwelapha izihlahla amahlandla ama-2 noma ama-3 kuhlamvu noma ukunqwabaza ama-bulbs kusisombululo somkhiqizo esiqukethe ithusi.
Imvamisa, lesi sitshalo sihlushwa yi-mealybug, aphid, izimbuzane zesigcawu kanye nezimhlophe. Ama-aphid angalimaza isivuno esinjalo uma sesikhulile womhlaba ovulekile nangaphakathi ezindlini. Zonke ezinye izinambuzane eziyingozi zihlala kuphela kumatheki atshalwe ekhaya. Ukuqothula izinambuzane, kutholakala isixazululo se-ejenti yokubulala izinambuzane, kuyilapho ama-acaricides esetshenziselwa ukubulala imikhaza. Ama-Insectoacaricides afana ne-Actara noma i-Actellica azosiza ukuqeda noma yiziphi izinambuzane eziyingozi ezibalwe ngenhla.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zama-eukomis anezithombe namagama
Abalimi bahlakulela izinhlobo ezimbalwa zama-eukomis kuphela.
I-Eukomis punctata, noma i-eukomis (i-Eucomis punctata = i-Eucomis comosa)
Le nhlobo yafika eYurophu ngonyaka we-1778. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kuyahlukahluka kusuka ku-0,3 kuya ku-0.6 m. Uhlaka lwamapuleti oluyisisekelo lomugqa noma umugqa we-lanceolate lungafinyelela kumamitha angama-0.6 ubude namasentimitha ayi-7 ububanzi. Ngaphansi kunezindawo ezinombala onsundu. Ukwakheka kwama-inflorescence a-genemose ahlanganisiwe kufaka phakathi kwezimbali ezingama-40 kuye kwezingu-100 eziluhlaza okotshani, ezibekwe ezinyaweni ezingamasentimitha amathathu ubude. Izinhlobonhlobo zeStrikata zithakazelisa kakhulu, yadalwa ngo-1790: ingaphezulu lamapuleti eshidi lifakwe umugqa ngemidwebo ehlelwe isikhathi eside ngombala onsundu. Kunezinhlobonhlobo futhi lapho imibala yezimbali ingwephuzi noma ipinki.
I-Eukomis bicolor (i-Eucomis bicolor), noma i-eukomis bicolor
Le nhlobo ivela eNingizimu Afrika, yavela endaweni yase-Europe ngonyaka we-1878. Ama-Peduncle afinyelela ubude obungu-50 cm, ubuso bawo bufakwe izithunzi ezibubende. Emasontweni edlule ehlobo, izimbali eziluhlaza ziyaqhakaza, kuyilapho izihlakala zazo zakhiwa umphetho onsomi. Izithelo zinombala obomvu omnyama. UTubergen wakhiqiza i-Alba, izimbali zayo zinombala omhlophe okotshani.
I-Eukomis ekwindla (i-Eucomis autumnalis), noma i-eukomis otumnalis
Lolu hlobo luhluka kwezinye ngoba lunokuphikisana kakhulu nesithwathwa, ngakho-ke, ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu ishiywe endaweni evulekile ebusika. Ukuphakama kwama-peduncles kuyahlukahluka kusuka ku-0.2 kuye ku-0.3 m. I-inflemcence ye-racemose iqukethe izimbali ezimhlophe-ukhilimu noma izimbali ezimhlophe. Blooms kamuva kunezinye izinhlobo.
Ngaphezu kwezinhlobo ezichazwe abalimi, mancane amathuba okutshala njengokuthi: iZambesian eukomis, Pole-Evans, red-stemmed and wavy.
I-Eukomis ekwakhiweni komhlaba
I-Eukomis ingumhlobiso omuhle kakhulu wanoma yisiphi isiza sengadi. Imbali enjalo isetshenziswa kabanzi njengesitshalo solo, njengoba inama-peduncle aqinile, kanye nezindlela ezicacile zokwakheka. Ingasetshenziswa futhi ekutshaleni okuhlanganyele, kuyilapho abalingani abaphelele kuyo bayizitshalo zonyaka zesembozo, ama-gerberas, kanye nama-perennials avela emhlabeni. Ngakho-ke, ama-eukomis abukeka emuhle kanye ne-hehera etshalwe ngemuva kwezitshalo zekhava esemhlabathini, isibonelo, i-lobelia noma i-alissum. Engadini enamadwala, imbali enjalo futhi ibukeka imangalisa nje, amapuleti awo acwebezelayo angamaqabunga angagcizelela ubukhulu bamatshe. Leli siko lezimbali lingatshalwa cishe noma kukuphi, futhi nomaphi lapho lizobukeka lilihle.
