I-Orchid ingenye yemindeni yezitshalo enkulu kunazo zonke, ethi, ngokwemithombo ehlukahlukene, isuka ku-750 iye ku-800 genera kanye nezinhlobo zezinkulungwane ezingama-35. Futhi lokhu kufana nokweshumi kwazo zonke izitshalo ezikule planethi yethu. Ngaphandle komehluko ezimweni zezulu ama-orchid akhula kuzo, izindlela zawo zokusinda zicishe zifane.
Ngakho-ke, iningi lama-orchid liyi-epiphytes, okungukuthi, izitshalo, zonke izingxenye zazo ezisemoyeni. Esimweni sokukhula bahlala kuzo zonke izikhala zamahhala - emiqheleni yezihlahla, emagatsheni, ezindaweni ezinamagatsha kanye nasemifantwini yeziqu ezinkulu, balengiswa emivini. Noma ngubani oke wahambela amazwe anesimo sezulu esishisayo uyasiqonda kahle lesi sithombe. Izimpande ezivulekile zama-orchid anjalo enza imisebenzi eminingana ngasikhathi sinye - alungisa isitshalo esihlahleni, aqoqe umswakama emoyeni bese efaka photosynthesize kanye namaqabunga.
I-Orchid yiqembu lezitshalo elivumelaniswa kakhulu emhlabeni.Ama-orchid awazona izibungu, njengoba abaningi bengacabanga lapho bezwa ukuthi bahlala ezihlahleni. Basebenzisa umuthi kuphela njengendawo yokuhlala, ikhaya labo, futhi, ngokungafani nama-parasites, abalimazi emthini obanikeze indawo yokukhosela. Ama-Orchid akhiqiza ukudla kwawo uqobo, enza isithombe sisetshenziswe kuzo zonke izingxenye zawo futhi alinde i-carrion ehlukile ukubola ngokuphelele (isb., Izithelo ezivele zawa namaqabunga abolile, izithelo noma imbewu), iboshwe ngezimpande zawo. Kepha kukhona ama-orchid ahlala emhlabathini. Lezi zingama-orchid ahlobisayo futhi anqobayo, abizwa ngokuthi ayigugu, futhi ama-orchid ezinsimbi ezilinganiselwe, ebusika emhlabathini ngesimo sama-rhizomes.
Isizinda esingokomlando
Ukuhlanganiswa kwama-orchid kuqhubeke kusukela ngo-1856, ngakho-ke singakhula izinhlobo eziningi ezingejwayelekile ekhaya. Okuhlekisayo kimi iqiniso lokuthi kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, ama-orchid ayesetshenziswa njengokupakisha impahla lapho kuhanjiswa ezinye izitshalo, evala izikhala phakathi kwazo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuphela lapho abantu bebona khona ukusebenza kwabo okuwonakalisayo kuma-orchid, ngenxa yokuhlola okwenziwe nguWilliam Catley. Unentshisekelo kwisitshalo esiyinqaba, uqale watshala i-orchid ebhodweni. Ngemuva kokuba kuqhume izimbali ezingafani nalutho, i-orchid yaqala imashi yadabula i-Europe, futhi kwahlonishwa lowo owaba nezimbali ezinhle zohlobo lwe-orchid, loluhlobo lwenkomo. Namuhla kuyisivakashi esimukelekile eWindows yethu.
Ama-orchid asekhaya
Lolu uhlu lwama-orchid amahle kakhulu esiko elingaphakathi, ukubuka ezinye zezici zawo ongakujabulela ukuqhakaza kwawo okuvamile nokude.
Phalaenopsis
Lolu uhlobo oludumile kakhulu lwe-orchid, emelelwa imibala eminingi yezimbali nokuhlanganiswa kwazo. Ziza nezimbali ezincane, eziphakathi noma zasebukhosini (zikhulu kakhulu) nezimbali nezihlahla ezinobukhulu obufanayo. Zikhula njalo ezimbizeni ezingabonakali ngamagxolo angajulile esikhundleni sombhalo ongaphansi, ngoba emvelweni zikhula ngokumane ezihlahleni zezihlahla, zinamathele kuzo ngezimpande zazo. Lama-orchid angaqhakaza cishe ngokuqhubekayo, athatha indawo yokuhamba eyodwa nenye. Isikhathi sokuqhuma kwe-peduncle eyodwa okungenani izinyanga ezintathu, futhi kuvame ukuhlala izinyanga eziyisithupha. Kulula ukwenza ubungane ne-phalaenopsis, futhi kunganconywa ngokuphepha kumlimi wokuqala.
Okubi ngale orchid kuyindlela engandile kakhulu futhi engenamandla yokuzalela, ngakho-ke ukuphela kwendlela yokuthola isilwane esisha ukuthenga isitshalo esidala esikhule ngaphambi kwesikhathi eHolland.
I-Dendrobium
Mhlawumbe okuqukethwe kwesibili okufinyeleleka kakhulu, okuthandwa futhi okungasindi efasiteleni. Ngokwesiko lasekhaya, limelelwa yizinhlobo eziningana zezilwane, ezaziwa kakhulu zazo yi-Dendrobium nobile, i-dendrobium enhle. Le yi-orchid emile enamahlumela aminyene lapho igcina khona amanzi futhi inamaqabunga ahlukene aphambili. Kusuka sinus ngayinye amaqabunga ishiya peduncle, ehlanganisa izimbali 2-3, blooms. Isikhathi sokuqhakaza sicishe sibe yizinyanga eziyi-1-1,5, sifana nesixhaxha esikhulu ngalesi sikhathi. Lesi sitshalo siqhakaza futhi ngemuva kwesikhashana esomile. Izwa imnandi ezimbizeni noma zobumba ze-opaque zepulasitiki kanye nogobolondo okhuni.
Cattleya
Imvamisa itholakala kumashalofu ezitolo zezimbali, kepha akulula ukuyinakekela njengamanduleli ayo amabili. Isixazululo esihle kakhulu sokukhula yi-Orchidarium - greenhouse mini enomswakama oqhubekayo. ICattleya ibukwa kakhulu ngobukhulu, ifinyelela ku-13-14 cm ubukhulu, izimbali ezinamakha. Isitshalo sakha ama-pseudobulbs agcina umswakama ngeshidi elilodwa noma amabili. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, isitshalo esisodwa esidala sikhiqiza izingcezu eziyisithupha zama-peduncle, ezihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga, futhi zihambisana nokuqhakaza kwezimbali okungekona ngasikhathi sinye, okude kakhulu. Izimbali zibekwa ekwindla, lapho ukukhanya kwemini kufushane, futhi amazinga okushisa ehle aze afike ku-14-16 C. Ngalesi sikhathi, yeka ukuchelela futhi uyiqale kabusha ngemuva kokuvela kwama-peduncle okuqala. Ikhule ngengxube yamagxolo kanye ne-moss-sphagnum.
I-Orchid "phalaenopsis" 
Cattleya Orchid 
I-Orchid "oncidium"I-Oncidium
I-orchid ekhanyayo kakhulu, ethi ngezimbali zayo ilondoloze izici zama-orchid asendle. Iqhakaza cishe zonke izinyanga eziyi-8 eziqhakaza izinyanga ezingaba ngu-1.5. Lesi sitshalo sakha ama-pseudobulbs, okusho ukuthi le orchid kulula ukuyithela kunokuba isomile. I-Oncidium iyaqhakaza ngokuzithandela ezimweni zekamelo kuphela uma isikhathi somile sonyaka sibhekwa, okwamanje lapho ihlumela elisha liqala ukwenza i-pseudobulb. Iqhakaza ngama-inflorescence athambile aqoqiwe kusuka kwizimbali eziningi eziphuzi-nsundu, isimo sazo esifana nonodoli abadansa. Ngakho-ke kuvame ukubizwa ngabantu. Ukuze wenze i-orchid yakho ibe ntofontofo, imvama ikhula emiphongweni ebushelelezi enamagxolo angajulile.
ICymbidium
Kuvamile futhi ekuthengisweni. Lesi sitshalo esinamandla esivela emahlumela amaningi esinamaqabunga amade afinyelela kumitha eyi-1, futhi siqhakaza ama-inflorescence aphezulu ngezimbali ezinkulu cishe ngo-10-13 cm ngemibala ehlukahlukene. I-inflorescence eyodwa ingahlalisa kusuka kwezingu-8 kuye kwezingu-16 noma ngaphezulu izimbali, futhi isihlahla esisodwa esidala sinika ama-peduncle ama-3-4 ngasikhathi sinye. Kukhona okubizwa ngokuthi ama-mini-cymbidiums, ukukhula kwawo kukhawulelwe ku-40 cm, futhi izimbali zifinyelela ku-5-7 cm. Njengomthetho, ama-cymbidium aqhakaza ebusika unyaka omusha waseChina, kodwa kufanelekile ukusho ukuthi le orchid ingeyabanikazi be-loggias noma ingadi ebanzi. Yonke i-cymbidium ehlobo igcinwa engadini endaweni enokhanya kahle, inisela njalo futhi ivundiswa. Ukuze uthole izimbali ezigcwele, udinga ukwehla kwamazinga okushisa nsuku zonke nesikhathi esimnandi, esomile. Ngakho-ke, i-cymbidium igcinwa engadini kuze kube sekwindla sekwephuzile, lapho izinga lokushisa lasebusuku liqala ukwehla liye ku-10 ° C. Ngemuva kwalokho idluliselwe ewindini eliqhakazile bese ilinda ukuqhuma kungekudala. Kufanelekile ukukhula ezimbizeni zobumba eziqine kakhulu endaweni engaphansi kwegxolo.
I-Paphiopedilum
I-orchid enhle kakhulu engeke ishiye umuntu engenandaba nobuhle bayo. Uzizwa emkhulu ngaphakathi, uvame ukuqhakaza cishe unyaka wonke. Iqiniso elingemnandi ukuthi iyabiza impela ezitolo zezimbali futhi ivela lapho hhayi kaningi. Izindleko ze-Paphiopedilum eyodwa ziqhathaniswa nama-phalaenopsis ama-3-4. Kepha imfucuza ikufanele! I-orchid ikhula esihlahleni esincane ifinyelela ku-15-20 cm futhi ikhiqize imbali eyodwa ethinta ngesicathu, ehlala izinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezintathu. Izimbali zenzeka ngemuva kwesikhathi esifushane somile, ukugcinwa kwazo akudingekile ezinhlotsheni eziningi zesimanje. Njengomhlabathi, ikhetha amagxolo ane-sphagnum.
Ama-orchid amahle
Lolu hlobo lwe-orchid selwaziswa ngokuyinhloko ngamahlamvu alo amahle, ambozwe ngephethini yemibalabala enemibala eminingi yemithambo eminingana. Abamele abahle kakhulu futhi bavame kakhulu yizinhlobo zaseLudisia neMacodez. Lezi yizitshalo ezingatheneki kakhulu, ukutshala kwazo okuzokwazi ukwenziwa ngisho nomuntu okude nezimbali. Ama-orchid ayigugu ayizakhamuzi zomhlaba, ngakho-ke akhulele endaweni ephansi evulekile evela ku-peat, moss kanye namagxolo. Ikhula ngokushesha okukhulu futhi okusakazeka kalula ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla noma ukusikwa. Isimanga esijabulisayo sizoba ukuthi ebusika ihlumela ngalinye likhiqiza i-peduncle eyodwa enezimbali ezincane ezintekenteke emthunzini okhanyayo.
I-Paphiopedilum Orchid 
I-Orchid "habenaria" 
I-Orchid "cymbidium"Izinganekwane ngama-orchid
Ngeshwa, yile nkolelo ethandwayo eyenze kabi kakhulu. Lapho nje lolu lwazi lufika ezindlebeni ze-novice noma umhlaziyi wezimbali onolwazi, uqala ukunaka kakhulu i-orchid, ejaha nayo njengomntwana omncane. Eqinisweni, lapho nje i-orchid idluliselwa esigabeni sezitshalo ezijwayelekile kakhulu zasendlini, i-orchid ngokwayo izonakekela impilo yayo nokuqhakaza okude. Ngemuva kwakho konke, empeleni, wayedinga okuthile kuphela - iwindows elikhanyayo ngaphandle kokushisa kwelanga futhi nokunisela njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-5-7.
I-orchid enkulu kunazo zonke ingakhula ibe ngamamitha angama-20 ukuphakamaInganekwane yokuqala. Ama-orchid adinga umoya omanzi kakhulu.
Ukuthi ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo bakhula bacishe babe yinkungu akusho ukuthi ngaphandle kwalesi sici i-orchid izozizwa imbi. Abaningi bazomangala manje, kepha i-orchid iyisitshalo esihle. Ama-Succulents nawo wonke ama-cacti, i-crassulaceae, i-milkweeds, obomvu nokunye. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi, njenge-cacti, ama-orchid aqongelela amanzi ezithweni zawo futhi angakwenza ngaphandle kwawo isikhathi eside. Ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo okuphezulu, ama-orchid amaningi, yize kunomoya omile ezindlini zethu, azizwa emuhle kuzo. Futhi zimbalwa kuphela, kunalokho izinhlobo ezingandile, ezidinga ukuthi zikhule kuma-orchid anomswakama omkhulu.
I-Orchid isitshalo esimnandi.
Inganekwane yesibili. Ezimpandeni ze-orchid ziphuma ebhodweni - kugcwele
Ngiyaphinda ngiyasho ukuthi ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, ama-orchid avele alengise esihlahleni, ngaphandle kwesihlahla esincane sasemhlabeni. Iqiniso lokuthi izimpande zinamathela phezulu kwembiza yakho ye-orchid kungenzeka libonise impilo kanye nohlelo lwayo lwezimpande olwakhiwe kahle. Lokhu kungumbandela wayo, ngoba izimpande eziningi emoyeni, lapho i-orchid ingalanda khona inkungu noma ingene ngesikhathi sokugeza. Isici esisodwa siyiqiniso kuwo wonke ama-orchid - akhetha ukukhula kumabhodwe aqine kakhulu nge-substrate esekwe kumagxolo.
Inganekwane yesithathu. Ama-Orchid akaqhakaze kaningi ekhaya
Emvelweni, noma yiziphi izimbali eziqhakaza isitshalo ngesikhathi esifanele. Isiginali sokuqhakaza yizimo ezithile ezikhule unyaka nonyaka. Ngama-orchid, lesi simo isikhathi esomile noma esipholile. Uma sikhumbula ukuthi izinga lokushisa endlini yethu lihlala lilingana, ukuvela kabusha kwezimbali akwenzeki ngenxa yokuthi i-orchid ayitholi umyalo wokuqhakaza ovela ezimweni zangaphandle. Umuntu kufanele ahlele i-phalaenopsis yanyanga zonke noma i-dendrobium ngaphandle kwethonsi lamanzi, futhi apholise i-cymbidium emgwaqweni - i-orchid iphonsa ngokushesha i-peduncle.
Inganekwane yesine. Ama-orchid anokukhanya okuncane efasiteleni futhi adinga ukukhanyiswa
Vele, e-Equator, ukukhanyisa kunamandla kakhulu, futhi amahora amade wemini. Kepha ungakhohlwa ukuthi ama-orchid akhula emqheleni wezihlahla noma ngaphansi kwawo, okusho ukuthi ukukhanya okuningi kudonswa izihlahla, futhi ama-orchid aneliswa yimisebe ehlakazekile. Ukukhula okuhle kwe-orchid, i-sill ekhanyayo yewindows yanele, ngaphandle kokukhanya kwelanga noma ngokuba khona kwayo kuze kube yihora le-11 noma ngemuva kuka-17.
Induduzo ye-orchid
Ama-orchid asendliniUkukhanya. Noma imuphi iwindowsill engenantambo imisebe evuthayo phakathi nesikhathi esingu-11 no-17.
Ukukhula okuhle kwe-orchid, i-sill ekhanyayo yewindows yanele
Inhlabathi. Esikhathini esiningi, amagxolo aqhekekile. Amanye ama-orchid akhula ngaphandle kokugcotshwa komhlaba, emoyeni, kanye nama-orchid asemhlabathini ovulekile kakhulu, aqukethe i-peat, i-sphagnum moss, amagxolo, izimpande ze-fern namalahle.
Amanzi. Ama-Orchid aniselwa ngokufaka ebhodweni emanzini imizuzu engama-20-30. Imbiza ene-orchid yehliswa ingene emanzini esitsheni esijulile. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, ibhodwe livunyelwe ukushela libuyele endaweni yalo yokuqala. Isikhombisi esikhulu nesithembeke kunazo zonke sokuthi sekuyisikhathi sokunisela i-orchid izimpande ezimpunga. Izimpande ze-Orchid zimbozwe ungqimba olukhethekile olubizwa ngokuthi i-velamen. Lapho igcwele umswakama, iluhlaza okotshani. Lapho nje i-velamen inika wonke umswakama ezimpandeni, iba mpunga. Ngakho-ke yile ungqimba ezimpandeni ezilawula imvamisa yokunisela. Ijika liphuzi - yisikhathi samanzi, imvamisa lesi sikhathi sisukela ezinsukwini ezi-5 kuye kwezingu-7.
Isikhombisi esikhulu nesithembeke kunazo zonke sokuthi sekuyisikhathi sokunisela i-orchid izimpande ezimpunga.
I-Orchid ingaqhakaza kuze kufike ezinsukwini ezingama-90Ukushisa. Kuma-orchid amaningi, izinga lokushisa lamafulethi ethu nezindlu liyamukeleka. Lapho utshala i-orchid entsha, qiniseka ukuthi uthola ukuthi ikhula ngasiphi isisekelo endaweni ethile. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuthi uqonde ukuthi udinga isikhathi sokunciphisa izinga lokushisa ukuze utshale izimbali noma cha.
Umswakama womoya. Kufanele ukhathazeke ngokusebenza kwayo uma uthatha isinqumo sokuba ne-vanda, Cattleya, colegin noma amanye ama-orchid angavamile. Kuzo zonke ezinye izimo, ukufafaza kuyinto efiselekayo, kepha akubalulekile.
Imbiza. I-Phalaenopsis ikhula kuphela kumabhodwe asobala, angavimbeli inqubo ye-photosynthesis. Onke amanye ama-orchid angatshalwa emapulasitiki obumba, obumba noma obumba.
Umsoco. Ama-orchid adla ikakhulu nge-photosynthesis enkulu. Kepha ezimweni zasendlini, Umanyolo ofanele wama-orchid uhlangana ngqo nobukhazikhazi nobude bezimbali. Zivuthwa ngomanyolo okhethekile wama-orchid kulengxenye ekhonjisiwe kwiphakeji, zonke izinsuku ezingama-14-16.
Ukuzala. Ezimweni zasekamelweni, ama-orchid akhiqiza kabusha kuphela ngokusanhlamvu - ngokuhlukanisa ama-rhizomes nokusikwa. Indlela eyamukelekayo kakhulu yokuhlukanisa isitshalo esidala saba izingxenye ngesilinganiso okungenani esingu-3-4. AmaPhalaenopsis akhula nge-rosette eyodwa yamaqabunga futhi cishe awathambekele ekwandeni. Ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela lapho izitshalo ezintsha ezincane zakha iziqu zezimbali. Ngemuva kokukhula kwezimpande zazo ezingama-2-3, iphalaenopsis encane ingahlukaniswa nesitshalo sikamama futhi sikhule njenge-orchid ejwayelekile.
I-Orchid ngokungafani nezitshalo eziningi eziqhakaza izimbali ayizidali i-allergySiyethemba ukuthi le ndatshana izokusiza uthathe isinqumo sokuba nale mbali enhle yasekhaya. Futhi uma usuvele ungumnikazi we-orchid onenjabulo, manje mhlawumbe namuhla uzifundele into entsha ezokusiza ekutholeni kangcono ulimi olujwayelekile "nobuhle obunamandla bezindawo ezishisayo." Ngempela, ukuze imbali ikwazi ukukhululeka nawe, udinga ukwazi kangcono impilo yayo endaweni yayo yemvelo bese uzama ukuyakha i-cosility efanayo kuyo efasiteleni lakho. Vumela i-orchid eziqhakazayo futhi elimnandi ihlale ikhazimula ewindini lakho, noma okungcono, ingadi yezimbali yama-orchid onke!
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