Kuliqiniso elingephikiswe ukuthi umanyolo we-organic ungokhetho olungcono kakhulu ezingadini zethu. Kodwa-ke, abaningi bethu abazi ukuthi, ngaphezu kwezinzuzo zabo, bangaba umthombo wokulimala okukhulu. Futhi lokhu kulimala kusekelwe ekungazini kwemikhuba nakwimithetho yokwethulwa kwabo. Ake sibheke: yini amaphutha amakhulu esiwenzayo ngenkathi sithathwa wukufakwa komanyolo we-organic, nokuthi ungayisingatha kanjani le ndaba ngendlela efanele ukuze uthole inzuzo ephezulu.
Inkomo yendle
Umquba wezinkomo ungenye yamanyolo aziwa kakhulu futhi asetshenziswa kakhulu. Futhi hhayi ngengozi! Kuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwenhlabathi, ikhuphule ukuphefumula kwayo kanye namandla omswakama, ibe nemiphumela emide (ukusuka eminyakeni emi-3 kuye kwengama-7, ngokuya ngokwakheka kwenhlabathi), futhi ezimweni eziningi kulula kakhulu ukuyithola ukwedlula, ngokwesibonelo, ukubekeka okufanayo. Kodwa-ke, abalimi abaningi nabalimi abawazi uhlangothi olubonakalayo lwale manyolo, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ku- "mngani", bengazi, bathola isitha.
Izinkomo © ChapendraOkokuqala, ekwethulweni komquba, kunemithetho ethile. Imvamisa kungamathani angama-30 - 40 ehektheleni, kanye njalo eminyakeni emine. Ukusuka kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukwenza umquba wezinkomo ngenani le-3-4 kg (kuze kufike ku-6 kg) futhi hhayi ngonyaka ngemitha ngayinye yesikimu sengadi! Ngani? Impendulo ilula! Ngokusekelwe ekutheni umquba ovundile unikeza izakhamzimba ngokwesilinganiso iminyaka engaba ngu-4, ukuwusebenzisa njengomanyolo omkhulu ngonyaka kusho ukweqisa kwezinto okuhlinzekwe ngakho futhi ikakhulukazi i-nitrogen emhlabathini. Ngokunisela okuhle, futhi ekushiseni sizama ukugcwalisa imibhede yethu nsuku zonke, izinqubo zokubola zezinsalela eziphilayo ezethulwe enhlabathini ngomquba ziyasheshiswa, i-nitrogen ikhishwa ngobuningi, futhi imifino yethu igcwele ama-nitrate.
Okwesibili, umquba wezinkomo kufanele usetshenziswe kuphela esimeni esisebenza kahle, ngoba okusha kungumthombo wesifo, izilokazane nembewu yokhula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokubola okuyinhloko, umquba omusha ukhipha igesi eningi nokushisa. Ngokuhambisana nokuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen ephezulu, lokhu kunikeza umfutho okhulayo wokukhula kwezitshalo, kuyilapho izicubu zazo, ngentuthuko esheshayo, zingenaso isikhathi sokuvuthwa, okusho ukuthi izitshalo zikhula zibuthakathaka futhi zingakwazi ukwakha isivuno esifanele indawo yokugcina isikhathi eside.
Okwesithathu, uma uzodonsa indawo yakho, khona-ke kungcono ukwenza lokhu ekwindla, ngaphansi kokumba komhlaba. Kepha kunephutha elilodwa lapha, lisebenza naku-nitrogen: njengoba lesi sakhi samakhemikhali sinempahla yokuqothuka ngokusabalalisa umquba endaweni yonke, kubalulekile ukusitshala ngokushesha emhlabathini.
Okwesine, uma unenhlabathi ene-acidic, khona-ke akufanele uthathwe ngomquba wezinkomo, ngoba unomthelela ekwandisweni kwawo okukhulu kakhulu kwe-acid. Kufanele ukhethe umanyolo wamahhashi (ama-4-6 kg nge-1 m²), noma uhlanganise ukusetshenziswa kwenkomo (ngokwezindlela ezilinganiselwe) kuhlanganiswe nokulinganiswa.
Futhi ekugcineni, lapho kwethulwa umquba emigodini yokutshala, kuyadingeka ukugwema ukuxhumana nezimpande zezitshalo, ngoba zingashiswa, okunciphisa ukusinda kwazo nentuthuko.
Umquba
Umquba namuhla usuphenduke indawo enhle yomquba, noma umthamo wokuwusebenzisa enhlabathini uyefana. Ine-nitrogen eningi, i-calcium, i-phosphorus, inani elikhulu lezinto zokulandela. Yandisa umsebenzi we-enymatic wenhlabathi, izakhiwo zayo zokulungisa i-nitrogen, ithuthukisa izimo zokuphila ze-microflora ezuzisayo.
Umquba © SuSanA UnobhalaIzici eziyingozi zokusebenzisa umquba ukukhetha komanyolo ovuthiwe. Kuyinto emnandi ngoba iqukethe amagciwane kanye nembewu yokhula. Kodwa-ke, ngendlela yokugqoka ephezulu yezithombo, umquba osuvuthiwe ulungile impela futhi ungasebenza njengomthombo omuhle kakhulu wokudla kwezitshalo ezincane. Umquba we-Semi-ovuthiwe ungasebenza futhi njenge-mulch. Kulesi simo, sigcina umswakama ngokuphelele futhi singumthombo omuhle wezakhamzimba.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umquba womunyaka wokuqala wokuvuthwa ubonakala ngenani elikhulu le-nitrogen, ngakho-ke, ngemuva kokungeniswa kwayo, iminyaka embalwa yokuqala akufanele itshalwe ezitshalweni ezikhiqizwe yizo, eziphawuleka ngokuqongelela okuthuthukile kwe-nitrate: ama-beet, radad, isipinashi, amasaladi, futhi akhulile emibhedeni enjalo ukhukhamba, ithanga, i-zucchini, iklabishi. Kanye nalokhu, lo manyolo awunothile ngokwanele ku-magnesium ne-calcium, ngakho-ke kufanele kufakwe ngokungezelelweyo.
Futhi ekugcineni, umquba yindawo yokuzalanisa futhi, ngenxa yalokho, umhambisi wesinambuzane esiyingozi njengebhere. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuyingenisa esizeni somunye umuntu, kuyadingeka ukubuza ukuthi ngabe le pest ikhona.
Ash
Abaningi bethu bazi ukuthi umlotha ungumanyolo omuhle kakhulu ovela esikoleni. Kodwa-ke, futhi inezimpawu zayo, ulwazi lwayo luzosiza ukusebenzisa kahle umlotha ezindaweni zabo, ngaphandle kokulimaza.
Ash © greenhorngardeningOwokuqala. I-Ash iqukethe i-potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, boron, molybdenum, manganese nezinye izinto ngendlela efinyeleleka ezitshalweni. Kepha akukho nitrogen kulolu hlu! Ngakho-ke, kanye nomlotha, umquba oqukethe i-nitrogen kufanele usetshenziswe emibhedeni yabo. Kodwa-ke, awukwazi ukwenza lokhu ngasikhathi sinye, ngoba ingxube enjalo iholela ekwakhekeni ngokweqile kwe-ammonia, okuthinta kabi ukukhula kwezitshalo.
Owesibili. Izinto eziqukethwe kumlotha zivame ukwenza umhlabathi ungasasebenzi. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuzisebenzisa emhlabathini ngenqanaba le-alkali ne-pH engathathi hlangothi ngokucophelela, kepha ngokwanda (kwe-acidic) - akunamikhawulo.
Elesithathu. Uma uqoqa umlotha ozosetshenziswa esikhathini esizayo, qiniseka ukuthi umswakama ungangeni ethangini lomanyolo, uma kungenjalo ngesikhathi umlotha ungeniswa enhlabathini, ngeke ube nalutho, ngoba uzolahlekelwa yinzuzo yokudla kwawo.
Okwesine. Kukhona mayelana nomlotha kanye nephuzu lesethenjwa lesikhathi sokufaka isicelo. Uma ubhekene nenhlabathi yobumba nethambile, khona-ke isikhathi esingcono kakhulu salokhu ekwindla, ngenkathi nenhlabathi enesihlabathi ne-peaty - intwasahlobo.
Okwesihlanu. Imvamisa, umlimi ongenalwazi abalimi ulethwa ngaphansi kokumba okujulile kwemibhede. Kepha inketho enhle kakhulu wukufakwa kwayo emigodini yokutshala noma ukuhlakazeka ebusweni bomhlaba, kulandelwe ukukhululwa ungqimba lwayo olungaphezulu. Noma ukufaka isicelo ngesikhathi sokunisela, ingxube esele ilungiselelwe equkethe ingilazi engu-1 yomlotha namalitha ayi-10 amanzi.
Futhi nokho ... Uma uthatha isinqumo sokondla izithombo ngomlotha, khumbula ukuthi kuzokwazi ukwenza lokhu kuphela ngemuva kokuvela kwamaqabunga amathathu angempela kuwo, ngaphandle kwalokho, usawoti owakha umanyolo uzovimba ukukhula kwezitshalo ezisencane. Kodwa i-ash radish ivame ukuphikiswa: lapho ingena emkhakheni wesistimu yezitshalo, isiko liqala ukudubula futhi ungakhohlwa ngesivuno esihle.
Sawdust
Lo manyolo we-organic udume kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokutholakala kwawo. Kodwa-ke, uma isetshenziswe hhayi ngokwemithetho, ingalimaza kakhulu ukuvunda kwenhlabathi kunokuyikhulisa. Ngakho-ke, akunakwenzeka ukusebenzisa i-sawdust ngaphandle kokucabanga.
Sawdust. © Maja DumatUmthetho omkhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwe-sawdust ingukusha kwezinto ezingavuthiwe. Lapho umdwebo wezinkuni omncane, uba yingozi ngokwengeziwe. Kwethulwa emhlabathini, le micimbi enjalo idonsa i-nitrogen nomswakama, obangela ukuthi izitshalo zihlupheke ngenxa yokuntuleka kwazo, ngakho-ke, noma ngabe inhlabathi ifakwe umganu sawdust, ijikeleziswa kuphela noma ihlanganiswe ne-urea, ngesilinganiso seglasi elilodwa lomanyolo ngamabhakede ama-3 sawdust.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, sawdust ivame ukuqinisa umhlabathi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokubangenisa enhlabathini ene-acidic, kunconyelwa ukuyiveza.
Peat
Abaningi bethu abazi cishe lutho ngalomanyolo we-organic. Kodwa-ke, i-peat, njengomquba, iwuthukulula kahle umhlabathi, ithuthukisa izindawo zayo ezithatha amanzi. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-peat imbi impela kwizakhi zomzimba futhi ibambekile ngokubuya kwe-nitrogen. Ngakho-ke, ayisetshenziswa njengowukuphela kohlobo lomanyolo olufakiwe, kepha ikakhulukazi njengomquba, ohlanganisa nezithasiselo ze-organic namaminerali.
Peat. © RemyNgaphezu kwalokho, akunconywa ukwengeza i-peat ngendlela entsha, kepha kuphela ngemuva kwesimo sezulu, ngoba inguqulo yayo entsha inezakhi ze-aluminium ne-iron, eziyingozi ezweni lesitshalo futhi zidlule emoyeni amasonto amathathu zinhlobo ezingama-oxide ezingalimali. Umswakama we-peat eyethuliwe, ukuze ungadleli umswakama emhlabathini, kufanele ube ngu-60%.
Uma usasebenzisa i-peat endaweni yangakini njengomanyolo ophambili we-organic, qiniseka ukuyivala kufosholo le-bayonet. Ungakwenza lokhu kokubili entwasahlobo nasekwindla, azikho izinsuku ezikhethekile zokwenza lolu daba.
Isici esibalulekile se-peat ukuthambekela kwaso kwenhlabathi enama-acidure, ngakho-ke, kumhlabathi we-acidic, ngaphambi kokusebenzisa, kufanele u-deoxidized. Kulokhu, umlotha (10 kg nge-100 kg ye-peat), ufulawa we-dolomite (5 kg nge-100 kg ye-peat) noma lime (5 kg nge-100 kg ye-peat) kufanelekile. Izinga lokusetshenziswa kwalomanyolo kwisikwele esisodwa. m isuka ku-4 kuye ku-8 kg.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi i-peat ihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezintathu: i-lowland, ephakathi nendawo kanye nephezulu. Ezimbili zokuqala zisetshenziswa njengomanyolo, eyokugcina kuphela njenge-mulch, ilungele ikakhulukazi indawo yokubeka izitshalo lapho kubanda ubusika.
Izinyoni ezilahlayo
Inani lokudla okungenamsoco kokudonswa kwezinyoni lingafaniswa nomanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wamaminerali. Lesi yisigcino se-nitrogen, i-potassium, i-magnesium, i-phosphorus. Ihlanganiswe nama-bacteriophages, ayigcini nje ukufaka umquba, kepha futhi ivimbela inhlabathi, icindezele inani lamagciwane. Kodwa-ke, yilezi zici eziyalela eminye imithetho yokusebenzisa umanyolo.
Izinkukhu. © grabauheritageNgenxa yokuthi amaconsi ezinyoni aqukethe inani elikhulu le-uric acid, akunconywa ukulenza lisha, kepha kuphela njengengxenye yamakhompiyutha, ngokufakwa kwe-turf, i-peat noma inhlabathi (ngokwesilinganiso esingu-1 x 2). Kungenzeka ukwengeza njenge-tincture - 1 ingxenye yedoti kumalitha angama-20 amanzi (ima izinsuku eziyi-10). Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuchelela ngale ngxube kumele kwenziwe emhlabathini oswakanyiswe kahle ungene ezindaweni ezishiywe ngumugqa. Futhi njengoba lo manyolo eqala ukwenza cishe izinsuku eziyi-10 ngemuva kokuthi ungene enhlabathini, kungcono ukufafaze izimbobo emithonjeni lapho kufakwa khona ukusheshisa inqubo.
Uma ama-bird dropp asetshenziswa njengowumbumbulu womanyolo ophambili, futhi muhle kakhulu kulokhu, khona-ke isilinganiso sokufaka kufanele sibe yi-1 - 1.5 kg nge-1 sq.m. Umphumela okhanyayo wokugcwalisa inhlabathi ubonwa iminyaka emi-2-3. Ukugqoka kwentwasahlobo-ehlobo kungenziwa kathathu ngesizini: imidwebo eyomile - ama-0,2 kg nge-1 sq.m, eluhlaza - ngu-0.4 kg nge-1 sq.m.
Umanyolo oluhlaza
ISiderata ingenye yezindlela ezingabizi kakhulu zomanyolo we-organic. Ukusetshenziswa kwabo kusiza ikakhulukazi lapho kudingekile khona ukuxazulula izinkinga eziningi endaweni enkulu. Ngosizo lwezitshalo zomquba oluluhlaza ukuthi awukwazi nje ukucebisa inhlabathi ngamaminerali ayisisekelo, kodwa futhi uthuthukise ukwakheka kwawo, unciphise inani lokhula, udonse izibungu, uvikele izingqimba ezingaphezulu ekuqhumeni izakhi zomzimba nokuguguleka. Noma kunjalo, kunezimfihlo futhi ...
Insimu ehlwanyelwe ngesinaphi.
Abalimi abaningi, umquba okuluhlaza okhulayo, vele ulinde ukukhula kwabo ngokugcwele, bese bembela izitshalo enhlabathini, bengazi ukuthi kungcono ukwenza ngenye indlela. Eqinisweni, kulula ukufeza umphumela omkhulu kakhulu ngokusika izilimo eziseceleni nokusabalalisa isisindo sazo semifino ebusweni kombhede, njenge-mulch. Ngakho-ke, izimpande zezitshalo, ezisele emhlabathini, zizosebenza ukuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwezingqimba zawo ezijulile, futhi ungqimba lwe-mulch luzohlinzeka ngokugcinwa komswakama, kwakheke indawo yokuthuthukiswa kwama-microorganisms anenzuzo, kumise ukuhluma kwezitshalo ezinokhula, futhi kuqinisekiswe ukubumbeka kwengca. Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi omncane isisindo esiluhlaza, i-nitrogen ethe xaxa kuyo, indala - ikhuphuka iphesenti lezinto eziphilayo ezilukhuni. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi esifanele sokusika umanyolo oluhlaza sibhekwa njengenkathi ngaphambi kokuqala kokuhluma noma umzuzu wokwakhiwa kwe-bud.
