IGymnocalicium iyi-cactus eyindilinga, edabuka eSouth America, egama layo livela kumagama esiLatini athi: "Gymnos" - "naked" and "calycium" - "calyx". Amashubhu wezimbali alesi sitshalo, ngokungafani nezinye i-cacti, analutho (ngaphandle kwezinwele namabhuleki), embozwe ngezikali ezibushelelezi. Kwakhiwa kusuka kuma-areoles phezulu kwesiqu. Ungayinakekela kanjani i-hymnocalycium, efundwe esihlokweni sethu.
I-Gymnocalycium.
Incazelo ye-hymnocalycium
I-Gymnocalycium (I-Gymnocalycium) luhlobo lwezitshalo ezithandekayo zomndeni weCactus (Cactaceae) Uhlobo luhlangana, ngokusho kwemithombo ehlukahlukene, ukusuka ezinhlotsheni ezingamashumi amahlanu kuya kwamashumi ayisishiyagalombili. Iningi lezinhlobo ziyazinyumba. Izazi zezimbali kwesinye isikhathi zibizwa ngokuthi yi-cactus Gymnocalycium - "UkuQothulwa Kwesizwe."
I-Gymnocalycium - izitshalo ezinesiqu esigcobekile; ububanzi bezinhlobo zabantu abadala zivela ku-4 kuye ku-15 cm, kuyilapho ukuphakama kwezitshalo kucishe kube kabili kubukhulu.
Umbala wesiqu sehymnocalicium uvame ukuba mpunga ngokuhlaza (kwesinye isikhathi ucishe ube mpunga) noma ube nsundu ngombala (kwesinye isikhathi ucishe ube nsundu). Phakathi kokutshala kukhona izitshalo ezinombala obomvu nphuzi wesiqu; le cacti yamahhala ye-chlorophyll ingamila kuphela kwenye ikhiyus eluhlaza.
Iziqu ze-hymnocalycium ikakhulu zibunjiwe. Emaphethelweni kukhona ama-tubercles "anjenge-chin". Izimbali zibomvu, zipinki, zimhlophe, ziphuzi, ziluhlaza okotshani noma zibomvana ngombala omfushane.
IGymnocalycium ikhula eNingizimu Melika (i-Argentina, iBrazil, iBolivia, i-Uruguay, iParaguay), endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-800 ukuya kuma-3 000 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, enhlabathini yama-granite kanye nase gneiss, kanye nasemakhampasi asenhlabathini yobumba.
Ama-Gymnocalyciums abaluleke kakhulu ngobumbili bawo besiqu esihle nezimbali ezinkulu.
Ukunakekela i-hymnocalycium ekhaya
Indawo
Ama-Gymnocalyciums angama-photophilous, adinga ukukhanya okukhanyayo, ikakhulukazi ebusika. Lapho igcinwa endaweni eluhlaza esivuthayo ngenkathi esishisayo, umthunzi ungadingeka. Ukufuna umoya omusha - ngezinsuku ezishisayo, amafasitela avulekile.
Ukushisa
Izinga lokushisa le-hymnocalycium liyadingeka ngokulingana kusuka entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla. Ebusika, kuy efiselekayo ukugcina izinga lokushisa lika- + 8 ... + 12 ° С (kwezinye izinhlobo + 15 ... + 18 ° С), lingagcinwa emazingeni okushisa aphansi, aze afike ku- + 5 ° С. Izitshalo ezibekwe kuma-sill efasiteleni egumbini elingashisiwe kufanele zilethwe egumbini elibandayo.
Ukunisela
Entwasahlobo, ukuthambisa kwe-hymnalicium kukhula kancane kancane; esikhathini esisuka entwasahlobo kuze kube sekupheleni kwehlobo, umbuso wokunisela uyefana nakwezinye izitshalo zasendlini, i.e. uma kunesidingo, kungcono ngamanzi afudumele. Kusukela ukuphela kwehlobo, ukuthambisa kunciphile futhi kukhawulelwe kakhulu kusukela maphakathi nekwindla - kuniselwa ngezikhathi ezithile futhi kancane kancane. Umswakama uphansi ngesitshalo. Akudingi ukufafazwa ehlobo.
I-Gymnocalycium newayini ebomvu.
Gimnokalitsium Mikhanovich.
I-hymnocalycium iyi-multiflorous.
Ukufakelwa
Ukufakwa kwe-hymnocalycium kuyadingeka minyaka yonke esemncane, futhi kamuva - njengoba kudingekile entwasahlobo. Imbiza entsha kufanele ibe nkulu kuphela kuneyakudala.
Inhlabathi
Umhlabathi we-hymnocalycium uyishidi ne-turf inhlabathi, i-peat, isihlabathi esihlanganayo (3: 2: 2: 3) ngokufakwa kwamabala namalahle wezitini. Inhlabathi kufanele ibe ne-acidic kancane, ngaphandle kwe-lime, kufanele iniselwe ngamanzi ayi-acidified.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwamaGymnocalyciums
Ukusakazwa kwemifino
Amanye ama-hymnocalyciums akha izingqimba ze-lateral. Izinhlobo ezinjalo zilula ukusakazeka, zihlukanise okwedlule kusiqu sikamama. Kepha kubalulekile ukwazi isilinganiso. Akudingekile ukukhipha zonke amahlumela eziseceleni ekuphishekeleni ubungako - isitshalo ngasinye singakha inani elilinganiselwe laso, futhi uma sishiywe singenazo ngokuphelele, sizobukeka silusizi futhi sinenkani. Okwamanje, izinhlobo zezitshalo ezikhula ngemvelo ngamakhethini zihle kakhulu ngokunembile emaqenjini anamakhanda amaningi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwamanye ama-hymnocalyciums, izinqubo ezilandelwayo zakhiwa kakhulu futhi ngamanani amakhulu kangangokuba zivimbela ukukhula komunye nomunye futhi zivimbele ukuqhakaza. Ngakho-ke, ukususwa okuncane kwezinye zazo kumane kudingekile ekwakhiweni kwesitshalo sokuhlobisa.
Kulula kakhulu ukwahlukanisa inqubo ye-hymnocalicium, engenazimpande zayo: uyijika ngeminwe noma ngama-tweezers, futhi ukuxhumana okubuthakathaka nesiqu sikamama kuzophuka kalula. Umdweshu ohlukanisiwe we-hymnocalicium ungashiywa endaweni eyomile usuku noma ezimbili, bese ubeka isigaxa esimanzi (inhlabathi, inhlanganisela yesihlabathi ne-peat, ingxube yokutshala komhlaba ejwayelekile) futhi unakekele kungathi yisitshalo esivamile. Ngokushesha, “ukhulula” izimpande futhi anamathele emhlabathini. Kepha lokhu kumele kwenziwe, ngokwemvelo, entwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kwehlobo - ngesikhathi sokukhula kwekhakusi.
Uma ungqimba olungemva lwe-hymnocalicium lunezimpande zalo, luhlanganiswe nohlelo lwezimpande zesitshalo sikamama, lungambiwa ngokucophelela, kepha kungcono ukuhlanganisa lokhu kusebenza kanye nokufakelwa kwesitshalo sonke. Ihlumela elihlukanisiwe elinezimpande litshalwe kwelinye ibhodwe njenge-cactus ezimele.
Ukusakazwa kwembewu
Ama-hymnaliciums amaningi asatshalaliswa ngembewu. Okokuqala off, ilula. Okwesibili, inzalo etholakala ezinhlotsheni ingcono futhi inempilo kunokuthi ikhule kusuka ezinhlakeni ezilandelwayo. Okwesithathu, ama-hymnocalyciums amaningi, ngokuvamile, akhiqiza imbewu kuphela.
Isendlalelo sokuqalwa kwe-hymnocalicium singasefana ngokutshalwa kwezitshalo zabantu abadala, kepha sihlotshiswe kahle. Kungcono ukubila noma ukubamba ukhowe kuhhavini ukuze ubulale amagciwane. Kungcono ukuhlwanyela ezimbizeni ezincane noma ezitsheni, ubeka imbewu ebusweni be-substrate emanzi. Kubalulekile ukuthi umugqa ongaphansi ungapheli. Ngakho-ke, okokuqala, izitsha ezihlwanyelwe kufanele zimbozwe ngesembozo esibonakalayo. Imbewu ye-Gymnocalycium imila kahle emazingeni okushisa angaba ngu-20 ° C. Uma isigaxa esingaphansi soma, simunyiswa kusuka esikhwameni noma sifafazwe ngebhodlela lokufafaza.
I-Gymnocalycium.
Kungenzeka ukuhlwanyela i-hymnocalicium nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, uma kungenzeka ukuhlinzeka izitshalo ze-nascent ukukhanya okukhanyayo nokushisa okudingekile.
Ama-hymnocaliciums amasha akhula ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi lapho esenonyaka owodwa angabekelwa izimbiza ezihlukene.
Ukugonywa kwama-Gymnocalyciums
Ama-hymnaliciums amaningi awakudingi ukugonywa nakancane - avele akhula kahle impela, futhi endodeni yesitoko abukeka engeyona imvelo futhi acishe abe yinhlekisa. Kodwa ukugoma kuyadingeka kuma-hymnocalyciums angenayo i-chlorophyll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwesinye isikhathi isetshenziselwa ukukhulisa masinyane ezinye izinhlobo ezingandile, noma ukuze konga isithombo esibolile.
Imithetho yokugomela i-hymnocalicium ijwayelekile kuyo yonke i-cacti: isitoko esikhulayo futhi esinempilo nesikhafu sinqunywa ngokulinganayo ngethuluzi elibukhali nelinamagciwane, izingcezu zixhuma ngokushesha futhi zixhunywe ngokuqinile ukuze ukuqhuba kwazo izinqwaba okungenani kuhlangane ngokwengxenye, futhi zigcinwe esimweni esicindezelwe kalula (kusetshenziswa irabha, ukugqoka , cargo) isikhathi esingangesonto.
Izifo nezinambuzane zama-hymnocaliciums
Umkhaza obomvu we-Flat
Isinambuzane esingonakalisi kakhulu futhi esiyingozi kakhulu se-cactus - izimbuzane ezibomvu eziphansi - ngokusobala azizithandi izingoma zehymnocaliciums. Cishe kungenxa yesikhumba sabo esikhulu, okunzima ukuthi le arthropod yama-microscopic ibhoboze. Kepha, noma kunjalo, bahlala phezu kwabo.
Lezi zibungu ezincane (ubude bomzimba wabantu abadala azifiki ngisho nesigamu esisodwa) kwesinye isikhathi zingabonakala ngamehlo, kepha esikhathini esiningi ziveza ukulandelana kokulimazeka kwazo - amabala amile okugqwala ku-epithelium ye-cacti. E-hymnocalyciums, lokhu akuvamile ukwenzeka - kuphela ezitshalweni ezincane nasezindaweni zokukhula, lapho isikhumba singakabi namandla ngokwanele.
Kulula ikakhulukazi ukubhekana nokukhishwa kuma-hymnocalyciums: izinhlungu ezingandile zenza kube lula ukugeza isiqu ngamanzi ashisayo noma igrisi ngesisombululo sotshwala i-ethyl. Ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane okuyi-acaricidal kanye nendawo yonke kusebenza ngempumelelo enkulu. Kodwa ukucubungula okunjalo kunengqondo uma uneqoqo elikhulu le-cacti ehlukile. Uma lolu daba luphathelene nama-hymnocalyciums owodwa kuphela, ukugeza ngamanzi noma ukuthambisa ngotshwala kuyisilinganiso esanele.
Umhlonyane
Kepha izibungu yizinambuzane ezincane ezinsikazi ezimise okomhlonyane zihlala ezimpandeni naseziqwini zezitshalo, futhi ngomqondo ongokoqobo waleli gama, zincela ama-juices kuzo - zihlakaze kuma-hymnocalyciums ngokungaphansi kwabanye abamele lo mndeni. Kepha ukuthola ubukhona babo kule cacti kulula kunakwabanye: imizimba ebomvana yamaphara embozwe nge “jazi” likotini elimhlophe futhi ibonakala kahle endaweni eyisicaba enezinhlaka ezinqabile.
I-Gymnocalycium.
Kunzima ngokwengeziwe uma isibungu silimele ezimpandeni. Ukumisa ukukhula, ukuntuleka kwezimbali kufanele kuqwashise umniniyo. Ngokusola okuncane, kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlole izimpande zesitshalo, lapho izinsimbi ezimhlophe zezibungu zibonakala kahle. Ukugeza isikhathi eside ngamanzi ashisayo (njengoba kushisa njengoba isandla sikubekezelela) noma izimpande zokugeza (izimpande zigcinwa emanzini ashisayo ngokushisa okungapheli kwemizuzu eyi-10-15) kubulala inkathazo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamalungiselelo we-insecticidal kanye nendawo yonke ngendlela yezisombululo noma izithasiselo ze-granular ku-substrate .
Ukubola kwezimpande
Njengamanye ama-cacti, ama-hymnocaliciums lapho ashiye ngephutha (i-substrate "enamafutha kakhulu", ukuthambisa ngokweqile, ikakhulukazi esimweni sezulu esipholile) kuthinteka ekubola okuhlukahlukene. Kepha imvamisa, inqubo yokubola ithinta kuphela izimpande, ezitholakalayo lapho zidlulisa izifenqo zomsolwa ezingakhuli futhi ezingezimbali.
Izicucu ezimweni ezinjalo zingasindiswa. Zidinga ukugezwa ngamanzi ashisayo, zisike izimpande zibe izicubu ezinempilo, zibulawa magciwane (ngotshwala, namalahle ochotshoziwe, amalungiselelo we-fungicidal), omisiwe futhi onezimpande, njengenqubo ekwandisweni kokutshala izitshalo.
