Wonke umgadi wegadi owake wabona i-gladioli okungenani wake wayenesifiso sobuntu bokukhula kwalezi zimbali ezinhle kakhulu. Ngokuyinhloko, lokhu akunzima kangako, ngoba udinga nje ukuthola indawo efanelekayo yokutshala, ulungiselele inhlabathi futhi unakekele kahle isitshalo.
Ngenxa yalokhu, ama-gladiolus azoqhakaza kusayithi lakho, azokujabulisa nsuku zonke ngezimbali zawo. Uma usazimisele ngokutshala i-gladioli, khona-ke into yokuqala okufanele uyithathe isinqumo ukuthi uzotshala kuphi lezi zimbali.
IGladiolus - ukulungiselela ukutshala ingadi yezimbali
Indawo lapho utshala khona i-gladioli kuya ngokuthi ungazithola yini izitshalo ezinempilo nokuthi zizokujabulisa ngezimbali zazo isikhathi eside.
Uma uqhathanisa i-gladioli nezinye izitshalo eziningi, ziveza ubuhle bazo. Into yokuqala ngaphambi kokwehla khetha indawo efanele kubo. Zikhula kahle endaweni enokhanyayo lapho kungekho sithunzi.
Kuyinto efiselekayo ukwabela le ndawo ngaphansi kwe-gladioli futhi ngoba ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo izimbali zibonisa ukumelana okukhulu kwezifo, futhi lokhu kuyisiqinisekiso sokuthi ama-corms angavuthwa kahle.
Ukunakwa ikakhulukazi kufanele kukhokhwe ukuba khona kwethunzi: noma ngabe incane kakhulu, kuzoholela ekubambezeleni kwezimbali.
Kepha lokhu akusebenzi ezifundeni eziseningizimu zezwe lethu, endaweni lapho isimo sezulu esishisayo siba khona ehlobo. Ngakho-ke, ukuncipha okuncane kuzobavumela. Ngakho-ke, lapha lezi zitshalo azidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile.
Ukushiswa kwamanzi endaweni yokutshala i-gladioli kungaholela ekuboshweni kwamazinga. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukukhetha isiza onethemba lokuthi lalinjalo kukhishwe kahle. Uma endaweni ekhethiwe yokutshala izimbali akunakwenzeka ukuyenza, lapho-ke kuyodingeka ulungiselele umgodi ophakamisiwe.
Isidingo esinjalo sivame ukuvela endaweni ephakathi yezwe lethu. Uma lezi zimbali zikhule ezifundeni ezishisayo, eziseningizimu, khona-ke awudingi ukubhekana nedivaysi yokudonsa, ngoba uma kungenjalo ungathola umphumela ophikisayo ngendlela yokumiswa kwama-corms.
Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-4, udinga ukuthola i-gladioli indawo entsha. Uma zikhula zinde endaweni efanayo, khona-ke lokhu kwandisa amathuba okubahlula ngezifo ezahlukahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngisho nokunakekela ngokucophelela ngeke kubasindise kulokhu.
Izisusa ezinhle kakhulu ze-gladioli kukhona utamatisi, ukhukhamba, ugalikhi kanye ne-legumes. Uma lo mzuzu uthathwa lapho ukhetha indawo yokutshala izimbali, khona-ke kuzokwazi ukuvikela izimbali ekunqotshweni kwesilokazane esiyingozi njenge-wireworm.
Ukulungiselela ukukhula kwe-gladioli, udinga ukufunda ngemithetho yokuyinakekela. Lapho-ke ungaqiniseka ukuthi izitshalo ziyaqhakaza izinyanga eziningi.
Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi
Okuhle kunakho konke ukuthi ama-gladioli ayozizwa endaweni yangakini uma engeza inani elincane lomhlabathi omnyama emgodini. Ngasikhathi sinye, lezi zitshalo zingakujabulisa ngezimbali eziningi kulezo zindawo lapho zikhona nenhlabathi ethambile noma enesihlabathi.
Kukholelwa ukuthi lapho kukhula izimbali kunhlabathi yobumba, zibukeka ziqhakaza. Kodwa-ke, ngeke kube yinto engelutho ukwengeza emhlabathini i-peat nesihlabathi noma umquba we-peat. Lokhu kuzosiza ukudala ukwakheka kwenhlabathi evulekile futhi kugweme ukufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwe-gladioli.
Kungcono ukwenza ukuhlaziya kwenhlabathi ngesikhathi sokukhethwa kwendawo yokutshala i-gladioli, ngokuya ngemiphumela engaphethwa ngayo ngenani lezinto ezilandelwayo kanye ne-acidity yenhlabathi. Inhlabathi enokusabela kokungathathi hlangothi (pH 5.5-6.5) ibhekwa njengefanele kakhulu.
Uma inkomba ye-acidity iphezulu kakhulu, ingancishiswa ngokungenisa emhlabathini:
- chalk ngesilinganiso se-110−160 gg / m;
- lime noma i-nitrofoski 25 g / m 1.6-2.4 cm ngaphansi phansi kwe-isibani.
Umanyolo weNhlabathi
Inhlabathi ithathwa njengelungile, ekwakhekeni kwayo lapho izigaxa zobumba zinesigaba sesiphambano esingadluli ku-3 cm, kepha ngasikhathi sinye akukanconywa ukuthi inhlabathi ikhululeke kakhulu noma ibe mnene.
Ukulungiselela isiza lapho uzotshala khona i-gladioli, udinga ekwindla. Okokuqala, udinga ukugaya isiza ukuya kububanzi obungama-50 cm. Lokhu kusebenza kwenziwa ngokuhlanganiswa nomanyolo, asetshenziswa njenge:
- Superphosphate 40 g / m.
- Isidlo samathambo 60-110 g / m.
- Umquba we-Peat, humus, iminyaka engama-27−30 / m.
- Usawoti we-potassium.
Emavikini okuqala entwasahlobo udinga okuhle khulula inhlabathi ngokujula kwamasentimitha angama-27. Okulandelayo, ingaphezulu lomhlabathi kufanele lidilizwe ngesikebhe.
I-Gladiolus - ukulungiswa kokutshala impahla
AbakwaGladioli bakhombisa ukungabekezeleleki kunoma yisiphi isigaba sokutshala kwabo, kufaka phakathi isikhathi sokulungiselela ukutshala endaweni evulekile. Lokhu, imicimbi efana:
Ukuhlanza.- Culling.
- Ukugcotshwa.
- Ukuhluma.
- Ukuvimbela izifo ezingenzeka.
Ukuhlanza.Zinethonya elihle ezitshalweni, njengoba zivumela ukuqhakaza kokuqala nokuchichima, kuyilapho impahla yokutshala ngokwayo iqinile futhi inempilo.
Imvamisa, lapho kukhula i-gladioli sebenzisa enye yalezi zindlela ezilandelayo: ukutshala ama-corms, izinsana kanye nembewu.
Ukukhula kwe-gladioli kusuka kuma-corms
Lapho sekuzobekwa amasonto angama-2,5 ukuya ku-2 ngaphambi kosuku lokutshala, ama-corms adluliselwa esitolo ayiswa egumbini lapho izinga lokushisa kufanele ligcinwe lifike ku-20 degrees Celsius.
Ukugxila okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe kuleli phuzu, ngoba ezimweni eziphakeme zokushisa izimo ezinhle zenziwa ukukhula okuthe xaxa kwezimpande. Umswakama ophezulu unganikeza umphumela ofanayo.
Ngemuva kwalokho, ama Susa imicengezi emboze. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela ukuze amahlumela angalimali. Ngenxa yalokhu kusebenza, kungenzeka ukukhomba ama ezinesifo, kuvikeleke kwizinambuzane futhi kufezekise izimbali zangaphambilini.
Izinto zokutshala ezingakahlungwa ziyahlehliswa bese zishiswa kamuva. Izinto zokutshala ezisezingeni eliphakeme kufanele zibekwe ungqimba olulodwa emabhokisini ahlanzekile futhi awomile.
Ama-corms kufanele alale kuwo futhi amahlumela abheke phezulu, kuyilapho ukukhanya kwesibani kufanele kuqondiswe kuwo. Ngenxa yale nqubo, izitshalo ziyaqhakaza ngesonto ngaphambili kunokujwayelekile.
Uma umlimi engenanhloso yokufinyelela izimbali zokuqala ze-gladioli, lapho-ke udinga ukuthola impahla esitolo lapho izinsuku ezingama-7-10 zihlala ngaphambi kosuku lokutshala.
Kusetshenziselwa kangcono ukubamba ama-bullet aneminyaka engama-2-3 ubudalangoba izitshalo ezitholwe kuzo ziqhakaza ngokucace kakhulu nangokuchichimayo. Bona-ke, bakha inani elikhulu kunazo zonke lezingane, kanti ingxenye yamabhu ezaliwe kuzo incane.
Iqiniso ngukuthi lapho indala into yokutshala, kuba nzima ngokwengeziwe ukumelana nezifo. Ngakho-ke, impahla egcinwe iminyaka engu-5-7 isengozini yokuthola izifo kunama-corms aneminyaka engama-2-3 ubudala.
Ukukhula ezinganeni
Ukulungiswa kwama-corms kuqala ezinsukwini eziyi-10-12 ngaphambi kokutshala endaweni evulekile: lapha konke kwenzeka ngendlela efanayo - izingane zidinga ikhasi. Njengoba unikezwe igobolondo elinzima kakhulu, kufanele uqaphele kakhulu lapha.
Okokuqala, i-apex, ebukeka njenge-tubercle, itholakala ezinganeni. Okulandelayo, udinga ukumba izikali, ngenkathi uzama ukungalimazi iphuzu lokukhula, bese uqala ukudonsa. Kwesinye isikhathi kunzima kakhulu ukugwema ukulimala ngesikhathi sokususwa kwesikali.
Kulesi simo, ungabeka impahla kusixazululo esifudumele esingu-0,05% se-potanganum permanganate noma isixazululo esingu-1% sesiphuzo esivamile sokuphuza amahora ayi-11 kuya kwayi-11. Ngenxa yale nqubo, igobolondo lizoba namandla ngaphezulu, ngakho-ke kuzoba lula ukulikhipha.
Uma ulungiselele izingane eziningi kakhulu zokutshala noma ungenaso isikhathi esanele sokuzihlanza ngesandla, ungenza okulandelayo: beka i-tuber egumbini elifudumele noma elipholile ukuhluma.
Lapho kusele amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kosuku lokwehla, izingane zidinga ukugezwa kahle futhi zivunyelwe ukuba zome. Ngemuva kwalokho kubo ibekwe esikhwameni esibonakalayolapho udinga kuqala ukwenza izimbobo zokufaka umoya omncane.
Ngemuva kwalokho zigcinwa ngqo esikhwameni ekushiseni kwegumbi, zilinde ukuhluma kwazo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, amaphakheji kufanele abekwe ngaphansi kokukhanya okungasebenzi.
Ubuchwepheshe bokukhulisa izingane egumbini elipholile licishe lifane, ngaphandle kokuthi udinga ukukwenza lokhu inyanga ngaphambi kosuku lokutshala. Isikhathi eside kangako siyadingeka ngenxa yokuthi ukuhluma kwama-tuber buds kuzokwenzeka ngezimo ezipholile.
Ungatshala kanjani futhi kanjani i-gladioli
Kwabalimi abaningi, intshisekelo enkulu ayisiwona kuphela ubuchwepheshe bezolimo bokukhulisa nokunakekela i-gladioli, kepha futhi nokukhetha isikhathi esifanele sokutshala.
Ukubaluleka kwaleli phuzu akufanele kubukelwe phansi, ngoba uma utshala izimbali ekuseni kakhulu, khona-ke kungenzeka ukuthi zizokufa. Kubi futhi ukubambezeleka izinsuku zokutshala, ngoba kulokhu awunakulinda ukuthi i-gladioli iqhume nakancane.
Lapho kuthathwa isikhathi sokutshala izimbali, kuyadingeka bavela endaweni yesimo sezulu kanye nesimo sezulu. Indlela elula yokuthola isikhathi, ukugxila ekushiseni komhlaba okujule lapho izitshalo zizotshalwa khona.
Ngokunikezwe ukuthi ngezimbali lokhu kubanzi kungu-12-14 cm, izinga lokushisa lizoba sezingeni elifanele kubo okungenani + ama-10 degrees. Imvamisa, izimo ezinjalo eCrimea, e-Ukraine nasezifundeni eziseningizimu yeRussia zidalwe phakathi kukaMashi 14 no-16. Ezifundeni ezisenyakatho, ungatshala izimbali kusuka maphakathi noMeyi kuya kuJuni.
Emgqeni ophakathi ungatshala i-gladioli ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli kuze kube maphakathi noMeyi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungcono ukukhetha ukutshala izinhlobo zesikhathi sezimbali sekwephuzile - izinsuku eziyi-110-120.
Uma kungokutshala okusetshenziselwa ukuhlukahluka okuhlukahluka ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kuzinsuku eziyi-10-14, khona-ke lezi zitshalo zizokwazi ukuqhakaza kakhulu ngasikhathi sinye.
Kunconywa ukutshala izitshalo kusengaphambili imigodi noma i-grooves elungiselelwe fafaza ngesihlabathi esimanzi cishe ngu-0.9-1.2 cm. Isihlabathi kuleli cala sizosebenza njengesembozo esivikelekile, esingezukulimaza izimbali ngohlelo lwezimpande olungashintshiwe.
Isifiso sabalimi abaningi sokukhulisa i-gladioli esakhiweni sabo siyaqondakala, uma ukhumbula ukuthi babukeka kahle kanjani. Kodwa-ke, ukuze ujabulele ukuqhakaza kwazo, kufanele uqale ujwayelane nobuchwepheshe bezolimo bokukhulisa lezi zitshalo.
Kulokhu, bona kunezici eziningi, ngakho-ke, uma ungafuni ukudunyazwa izimbali ezifile, khona-ke okokuqala kufanele uthole ukuthi ungazitshala kanjani kahle lezi zimbali.
Isici ngasinye, kufaka phakathi ukukhethwa kwendawo, ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi, ukunakekelwa, kungathinta kakhulu ukuthi izitshalo zizophuma kanjani nokuthi ziyojabulisa isikhathi eside kangakanani ngezimbali zazo.
Ngakho-ke, ukugcinwa ngqo kwezindlela zezolimo zokukhulisa i-gladioli kukuvumela ukuthi uthembele eqinisweni lokuthi bazoba ngomunye umhlobiso oyinhloko ohlakeni lwakho lomuntu siqu.
