Isitshalo sangemuva se-elecampane (Inula), esibizwa nangokuthi siphuzi, siyimeleli yomndeni wakwa-Asteraceae, noma i-Astra. Lesi sitshalo esisemvelweni singatholakala e-Afrika, e-Asia nase-Europe, kanti sikhetha ukukhula ezikweletini, eduze kwamachibi, emameleni nasezindlini ezifuywayo. Futhi, leli siko libizwa ngokuthi i-sunflower yasendle, i-goldenrod, ikhakhasi, indlebe yebhere, amandla ayisishiyagalolunye, idlozi, i-jaundice yehlathi, i-thistle noma i-sun suner. Ngokwemininingwane ethathwe emithonjeni ehlukahlukene, lolu hlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo eziyi-100-200. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, i-elecampane yayisetshenziswa kabanzi kwamanye amakhambi, futhi kancane kancane lesi sitshalo saqala ukutshalwa. Namuhla, phakathi kwabalimi, enye yezinhlobo zalolu hlobo luqala ukwanda kakhulu - i-Elecampane (Inula helenium): nansi inhlobo ethandwa kakhulu enezokwelapha.
Izici ze-Elecampane
I-Elecampane imvamisa kakhulu isitshalo esingapheli noma isitshalo se-herbaceous, kepha uhlobo luphinde lube nezinto ezikhumbulekayo kanye nezinto eziphilayo. Izimpande ezinwetshiwe ziqala kusuka ku-rhizome efinqiwe iye ezinhlangothini. Ukuqondisa amahlumela amancane ahlutshiwe kungaba bushelelezi noma kube yi-pubescent. Amapuleti amaqabunga amakhulu angenhliziyo anamaqabunga angaphezulu noma anga-lanceolate, futhi angahlanganiswa noma angahlanganisiwe. Obhaskiti be-inflorescence bahlala bodwa noma bayingxenye yamaphayipheni ama-inflorescence a-panicle-noma ama-corymbose. Amabhasikidi aqukethe izimbali eziphakathi nendawo neziseceleni, ezingapendulwa ngemibala ehlukene ephuzi. Amaqabunga e-lanceolate e-wrapper anombala oluhlaza. Izithelo ziyi-achene ebunjiwe eyenziwe ngesilinda, enqunu noma eyi-pubescent.
Khula i-elecampane kusuka ezinhlanyelweni
Ngaphambi kokuqala ukutshalwa kwe-elecampane, kubalulekile ukukhetha indawo efanelekile kuyo, ngenkathi ukhumbula ukuthi lesi sitshalo se-thermophilic sithanda izindawo ezinelanga. Inhlabathi kumele ibe inomswakama, inothe ngokudla okunempilo futhi ingaphefumula. Inhlabathi enesihlabathi noma enamanzi ilungele ukutshala. Kungcono ukuhlwanyela lesi sitshalo ngemuva kokuphehla umusi ohlanzekile, lapho uzonikezwa khona isivuno esicebile.
Ukulungiselela indawo okuhlwanyelwa kuyo kufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Kuyadingeka ukumba ukuze kufike ekujuleni kwefosholo lokwela, ngenkathi wenza umquba noma i-humus (nge-1 imitha eyi-skwele ama-6,6 amakhilogremu), kanye nomxube we-potassium-phosphorus (ngemitha eyi-1 skwele kusuka ku-40 kuya ku-50 amagremu). Ngemuva kwalokhu, uzungu kumele lugcinwe. Masinyane ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, umanyolo oqukethe i-nitrogen kufanele usabalale ngaphezulu kwesakhiwo, emva kwalokho kufanele silungiswe size sibe ngamasentimitha ayi-10 kuye kwayi-15. Ngemuva kwalokho isiza sendawo kufanele sitshekelwe kancane.
Ukuhlwanyelwa kufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi kobusika noma entwasahlobo (eshumini lesibili likaMeyi). Akudingekile ukuphambukisa imbewu, kepha ukwenza lula ukuhlwanyelwa, abalimi bayeluleka ngokuyihlanganisa nesihlabathi (1: 1). Ngomugqa owodwa, obude bawo bungama-100 cm, kuzodingeka izingcezu ezingaba ngu-200 zezimbewu. Uma inhlabathi isinda, khona-ke imbewu idinga ukungcwatshwa kuphela ngu-10-20 mm, futhi uma ilula - 20-30 mm. Ububanzi obuphakathi kwemigqa kufanele bulingane nama-0.6-0.7 m. Izithombo zizovela kuphela lapho umoya ufudumala ufike kuma-degree angama-6-8. Izinga lokushisa elikhulu lokukhula nokukhula kwe-elecampane lisuka kuma-20 liye kwangama-25 degrees. Uma izimo zezulu zilungile, khona-ke izithombo zizovela isigamu senyanga ngemuva kokuhlwanyela. Izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuvela kwezithombo, isiza kufanele sivinjelwe ngaphesheya kwemigqa yokutshala, kuyilapho udinga ukususa yonke imvuthuluka yomhlaba, kanye nezithombo ezinjengotshani zotshani.
Lesi sitshalo singasakazwa ngokuhlukanisa i-rhizome. Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, le ndlela ye-elecampane isakazeka entwasahlobo, nango-Agasti. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezindaweni ezibandayo kakhulu, ama-rhizomes abandakanyeka kuphela entwasahlobo ngenkathi kuvulwa amapuleti amaqabunga. Susa i-rhizome enhlabathini bese uyihlukanisa ibe izingxenye eziningana, kuyilapho ukwahlukana ngakunye kufanele kube nemiqumbe yezithelo engu-1 noma 2. Lapho ukutshala izihlukanisi phakathi kwazo, kufanele kubhekwe ibanga elingama-0,3 kuya ku-0,65 m, kuyilapho kufanele kuthengwe enhlabathini ngamamitha angama-50-60, futhi izinso zazo kufanele ziqondiswe phezulu. Ngaphambi kokutshala, umgodi ngamunye kufanele uchithwe ngamanzi afudumele, bese kufakwa umanyolo kubo, okufanele uxhumeke enhlabathini. Ngemuva kokutshala, ingaphezulu lendawo kufanele lihlanganiswe, liniselwe kahle amanzi, futhi ingaphezulu kufanele limbozwe ungqimba lwe-mulch. Amahlumela azokhula e-Delenki enezimpande ngonyaka wokuqala, futhi ukuphakama kwawo ekupheleni kwenkathi yehlobo kuzofinyelela ku-0,5 kuye ku-0,4 m.
Ukunakekela i-elecampane engadini
Ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo ze-elecampane esizeni, zizodinga ukuncishiswa ngaphandle. I-raspberry kufanele iniselwe ngendlela yesikhathi, ukhula, kanti futhi kuyadingeka ukuthukulula ingaphezulu lomhlabathi eduze nezihlahla. Ngesizini yokuqala, i-elecampane ibonakala ngokukhula kancane, ngakho-ke, lapho kuphela isikhathi sehlobo, ukuphakama kwezihlahla ngeke kube ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-0,3-0.4 Ngalesi sikhathi, ama-rosette amaqabunga nohlelo lwezimpande kuzofanele luvele emahlathini. Ukuqhakaza kokuqala kungabonakala kuphela ngesizini ezayo ngoJulayi, kanti isikhathi saso singamaviki amane.
Ukunisela nokhula
Leli siko lithanda amanzi, futhi ikakhulukazi lidinga amanzi ngenkathi kwenziwa ama-buds nezimbali. Ehlahlwini enohlelo olungena ezimpandeni olungakhipha umswakama ezingxenyeni zomhlaba ezijulile. Kulokhu, i-elecampane idinga ukuchelela kuphela ngesomiso isikhathi eside.
Ukhula oluhleliwe luyadingeka kwizitshalo ezinjalo kuphela ngonyaka wokuqala wokukhula. Kakade kwisizini ezayo, izihlahla zizokhula zikhule ziqine kangangokuba abukho utshani bokhula obungabavimbela.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Lapho ama-rosette asisekelo ezimpande aqala ukwakha emahlathini, azodinga ukondliwa ngeNitrofoska. Ukuphinda ukondle kwenziwa ezinsukwini ezingama-20-30 emva kokuqala, lapho ukukhula kwamahlumela komhlaba kuqala. Ekwindla, ngaphambi kokuba lesi sitshalo singene esimweni esomile, kufanele sondliwe ngomanyolo we-potassium-phosphorus, owethulwa emhlabathini.
Iqoqo le-Elecampane nesitoreji
Ama-rhizomes we-Elecampane anezimpande ezingaphansi kwawo angasuswa ngonyaka wesibili wokukhula. Ngemuva kokuba imbewu isivuthwe ngokuphelele, isihlahla kudingeka sifinyezwe size sibe ngu-50-100 mm, bese sithatha imfoloko bese siyimba ngokucophelela. Susa impande enhlabathini, uyixhawule kahle bese uyihlanza. Ngemuva kwalokho i-rhizome kufanele inqunywe izingcezu, ubude bayo kufanele bulingane namasentimitha ayi-10-20. Zibekwe endaweni enomthunzi, lapho zizokoma khona izinsuku ezimbili noma ezintathu. Ngemuva kwalokhu, izinto ezingavuthiwe kufanele zidluliselwe egumbini elinomoya omncane futhi zibolile (ungqimba lwesendlalelo kufanele lube ngaphansi kwama-50 mm). Ukomisa ama-rhizomes, kuzodingeka ulondoloze izinga lokushisa elingama-35 kuya kwangama-40 degrees egumbini, ngenkathi izinto zokusetshenziswa zingashintshwa ngokushintshashintshayo bese ziguqulwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi yoma ngokulinganayo. Ukulondolozwa, i-elecampane ithululelwa ezitsheni ezenziwe ngokhuni noma ngengilazi, futhi ungasebenzisa nezikhwama. Igcina izakhiwo zayo zokuphilisa kuze kube iminyaka emi-3.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-elecampane
Elecampane Royle (Inula royleana)
Ukuphakama kwalesi sitshalo se-perennial kungamamitha ayi-0.6. Ubude bamapuleti amaqabunga e-oblong cishe amamitha angama-0.25.I-inflorescences ubukhulu ifinyelela ku-40-50 mm, ifaka umhlanga nezimbali ze-tubular zombala ocebile ophuzi. Izimbali zibonwa ngoJulayi-Agasti. Kwenziwe kusukela ngo-1897.
Elecampane Roothead (Inula rhizocephala)
Lokhu kubukeka kokuhlobisa kungenye yezinto ezidumile kakhulu kusiko. Amapuleti amaqabunga amade we-lanceolate ayingxenye ye-basal rosette, enkabeni yayo kukhona i-inflorescence ephuzi ephuzi emnyama. Uhlelo lwezimpande ezingaphezulu lubalwa kakhulu.
Elecampane Oriental (Inula orientalis)
Umhlaba ongowokuzalwa walezi zinhlobo yi-Asia Minor neCaucasus. Lesi sitshalo se-perennial ezineziqu eziqondile sifinyelela ukuphakama okungamamitha ayi-0.7. Amaqabunga amaqabunga anomumo obumbekile. Ama-inflorescences ubukhulu afinyelela ngamasentimitha angu-9-10, afaka izimbali ezinde nezincanyana zomhlanga ophuzi omnyama, kanye nezinsimbi zombala ophuzi. Kwenziwe kusukela ngo-1804.
I-Elecampane mosquito (Inula ensifolia)
Kutholakala ngemvelo eYurophu naseCaucasus, kanti lolu hlobo luthanda ukukhula ekhefeni lezintaba nasemthambekeni we lime, emahlathini nasezintabeni. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla esihlanganisiwe kungamamitha angama-0.15-0.3. Amahlumela amancane, ahlala isikhathi eside egatsheni lengxenye engenhla. Amapuleti eqabunga le-Sedentary nyembamba lanceolate afinyelela kubude obuyi-60 mm. Obhasikidi aba-ophuzi abodwa banobubanzi obungu-20-40 mm. Ikhiqizwe kusukela ngo-1793. Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezikhula kancane: ukuphakama kwesihlahla kungamamitha ayi-0,5, kuqhuma kakhulu futhi isikhathi eside.
I-Elecampane enhle (Inula magnifica)
Le nhlobo ayilitholanga ize igama elinjalo. Lesi sitshalo se-perennial sihlahla esinamandla esidlakadlaka nesihle ngokubabazekayo, esingafinyelela ukuphakama okungama-200 cm. Isiqu saso simanzi futhi siwugqinsi. Amapulangwe amakhulu we-basal oblong, kanye namapuleti weqabunga eliphansi anobude obuyimitha futhi ububanzi bawo bungama-0,25 m. Izikhwama ezinamachashaza ezansi adlula kwi-petiole, ezingafinyelela ku-0,6 m ubude.Amapuleti weqabunga angenhla ayashubile, kanti lawo angaphansi kakhulu ngaphezulu kwabo. I-inflorescence yombala ophuzi ububanzi ifinyelela amasentimitha ayi-15. Kumabhulashi ezinyawo, afinyelela kubude obungu-0.25 m, atholakala endaweni eyodwa noma izingcezu ezimbalwa, akha ama-inflorescence e-corymbose. Izimbali zibonwa ngoJulayi-Agasti. Isihlahla esishwabene silahlekelwa umphumela waso wokuhlobisa futhi, njengomthetho, siyanqunywa.
I-Elecampane yaseBrithani (Inula britannica)
Emvelweni, le nhlobo itholakala e-Asia nase-Europe, kanti ithanda ukukhula ezindaweni ezifuywayo, ezindaweni ezinodaka, emahlathini ama-birch, ezitebhisini, emigwaqweni, ezindaweni ezinomswakama oswakeme nasezindaweni zamahlathi, nasezindaweni ezigcwele izikhukhula. Lesi sitshalo se-perennial asiphezulu kakhulu, ingaphezulu layo limbozwe yi-sulphur-ubisi lwe-pubescence. Isiqu esakhiwe njengembambo ngezansi sibomvu kancanyana, futhi engxenyeni ephezulu sinamagatsha noma silula. Amapuleti amaqabunga angama-lanceolate, ama-elliptical noma a-linear-lanceolate (okuvame ukuba i-ovate), anezinhlayiya ezinhle noma onqenqemeni lonke, imisipha itholakala emaphethelweni. Ingxenye engaphezulu yamaqabunga ivela kancane noma ayinalutho, kanti uhlangothi olungalungile lube nenhlanganisela eminyene enezinwele ezicindezelwe ze-glandular noma enoboya. Ama-inflorescences anemibala ephuzi ububanzi afinyelela ku-50 mm, angaba yingxenye yama-inflorescence e-corymbose noma abe ongashadile.
Elecampane mude (Inula helenium)
Kutholakala emvelweni eYurophu, eCaucasus naseSiberia, kanti lolu hlobo luthanda ukukhula ezikhungweni, emahlathini acwebile naphayini, kanye nasogwini lomfula. Lesi sitshalo se-perennial siyisihlahla sesimo sobucylindrical, esifinyelela kubude obungaba ngu-250 cm. Isifutho esinamandla sinephunga elibukhali. Ubude bezinga lamapulangwe asezingeni eliphansi kanye ne-oblong-elliptic basal leaf cishe buyi-0,4-0,5 m, futhi ububanzi bawo busuka ku-0,15 kuya ku-0,2 m. Ukusuka maphakathi nokudubula, amapuleti amaqabunga ayindilinga futhi anesisekelo esiqukethe isiqu. Ububanzi, obhasikidi obphuzi-golide bufika ku-80 mm, atholakala ku-axils yamabhulokini ezintanjeni ezimfushane futhi ayingxenye yamaphakethe we-inflemose angavamile. Hlakulela lolu hlobo lwaqala ezikhathini zasendulo.
Izakhiwo ze-elecampane: zilimaze futhi zisizakale
Izici zokwelapha ze-elecampane
Izici zokuphulukisa ze-elecampane ziqukethwe ohlelweni lwazo lwezimpande, olufaka izinto ezinjengalezi: i-wax, i-Vitamin E, ama-resins, amafutha abalulekile, i-mucus, i-saponins, i-polysaccharides inulinen ne-inulin.
Isilinganiso se-rhizome nezimpande zalesi sitshalo sisetshenziselwa ekwelapheni izinqubo zokuvuvukala esiswini nasemathuneni, ngokwesibonelo, ngesilonda se-peptic, i-gastritis, i-gastroenteritis, isifo sohudo, kanye nezifo zezinso nezinso, umkhuhlane, izifo zokuphefumula kakhulu, umkhuhlane, i-bronchitis ne-dense draence, isifo sofuba, i-tracheitis nezinye izifo ezivuthayo zepheji lokuphefumula elingaphezulu. I-decoction enjalo i-expectorant ehlukile, i-anti-inflammatory, i-diaphoretic, i-diuretic, i-anthelmintic ne-antiseptic. Leli thuluzi liyingozi kakhulu ku-worworm.
Lo mhluzi usetshenziselwa izifo zesikhumba, futhi uma uhlanganiswa nesinqe, uthola ikhambi elihle kakhulu kumabala. Amaqabunga amasha anconywa ukuthi afakwe kwizilonda, izimila, ama-erysipelas.
Ngisho nakwezokwelapha ezihlukile, i-elecampane isetshenziswa ekwelapheni i-itermy dermatosis, amanxeba okuhlanza, i-cystitis, izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi, i-furunculosis, i-eczema, i-jaundice nesifo samathambo. Ekhemisi ungathenga umuthi i-Alanton, owenziwe ngesisekelo sezimpande ze-elecampane, usetshenziselwa ekwelapheni isilonda sesisu esingalapheki kanye ne-duodenal ulcer. I-Tocopherol (Vitamin E), okuyingxenye ye-rhizome, iyi-antioxidant enamandla ebambezela inqubo yokuguga.
Ukuze ulungiselele i-tincture ye-elecampane, udinga ukuxhuma isipuni esisodwa esincane sezimpande ezomile ne-250 ml yamanzi abandayo. Shiya ingxube amahora ayi-8 ukuyifaka, emva kwalokho ihlungiwe. Udinga ukuphuza ama-milligram angama-50 ngezikhathi ezi-4 zokungqongqoza okwesithathu kwehora ngaphambi kokudla. Isetshenziswa njenge-expectorant, kanye ne-hemorrhoid, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, futhi njenge-purifier yegazi yezifo zesikhumba.
Ukulungiselela i-tincture ye-elecampane, kuthathwa amagremu angama-120 esigaxa esisha salesi sitshalo. Kumele ixutshaniswe nengxenye a yengilazi yembobo noma iCahors. Ingxube ibilisiwe imizuzu eyi-10, bese ihlungwa. Phuza izikhathi ezi-2 noma ezi-3 ngosuku, ama-milligram angama-50 ngaphambi kokudla. Sebenzisa njenge-tonic and firming ejenti yezilonda zesisu, i-gastritis noma ngemuva kokugula okungathi sína.
Contraindication
Izindlela ezenziwe ngesisekelo se-elecampane akufanele zisetshenziselwe izifo ezithinta inhliziyo, ukukhulelwa, i-hypotension, i-gastritis ene-acidity ephansi kanye ne-pathology yezinso. Ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini, okuhambisana nobuhlungu obukhulu, le mishanguzo ingabaqinisa. Ekwelashweni kwezingane, i-elecampane isetshenziswa ngokunakekelwa okukhulu.
