I-Erantis isitshalo esincane esinamabala amancane amhlophe noma aphuzi aqhakaza phambi kwezinye izakhamuzi ezingadini. Ngenxa yokuqhakaza kokuqala, ithole igama lesibili - intwasahlobo.
Ukwanda kwemvelo kukhulu: amasimu atholakala eningizimu nasenyakatho yeYurophu, eduze kwezintaba zaseJapan, kanye naseNyakatho Melika.
Izici eziyinhloko ze-erantis
Utshani entwasahlobo buyisitshalo esihle kakhulu esinamaqabunga anotshani, ukuphakama kufinyelela ku-14- 26 cm. Ungowomndeni wama-buttercups, kuyingxenye yeqembu lezimbali ezinobuthi. Kunezinhlobo okungenani eziyi-7 ze-eranthis, ezinye zazo (ngokwesibonelo, i-lobulata) azaziwa kangako eRussia.
Izimpande zalesi sitshalo zinesimo esisebusika, futhi amaqabunga adwetshwe ngombala oluhlaza saturated. Isakhiwo sazo senziwe ngesundu, kanti izimbali ziqukethe amathuna angama-5-7. Ngobubanzi, intwasahlobo ifinyelela ku-3-4 cm. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zinemithunzi yazo: ama-stamens anemibala eminingi, amathuna amhlophe afakwe ngaphakathi ngama-elemplethi ansundu aphuzi.
Iqiniso! U-Erantis uqala ukuqhakaza ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho iqhwa lisalele phansi. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-14-25, izimbali ziyaphela. Esimweni sezulu eseningizimu, izitshalo ezindala ezingaphezulu kweminyaka emi-2 ziyaqhakaza ngoJanuwari.
Ngemuva kwezimbali, kwakheka izithelo eziqukethe imbewu. Zingasetshenziselwa ukuzalanisa i-erantis.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobo
Kunezinhlobo ezi-7 ze-eranthis ezitshalwe ezingadini. Elinye lazo lingasetshenziswa njengesiko lebhodwe, kepha ngenxa yobuthi besitshalo, akuphephile ukuyigcina ekhaya nezilwane nezingane ezincane.
Ubusika Erantis noma ubusika entwasahlobo avele eningizimu yeYurophu. Kuthatha izimpande kahle futhi kuqhakaza kakhulu enhlabathini evulekile, enomoya. Kungokwezinhlobo zokuqala, kuvame ukubekezelela isithwathwa. Izimbali ziqala ngqa thaw noma kungekudala.
Kuyathakazelisa! Isici esiyinhloko se-eranthis ebusika ngamathuna okuvala. Isimo sezulu esinamafu, ama-buds azocindezelwa ngokuqinile, azivikele emswakama ngokweqile.
Ekuqaleni kwehlobo, ingxenye esemhlabeni ye-eranthis iyafa, kodwa nezilimo eziyizigaxa zisakhiwa ngaphansi komhlaba. Ngaphakathi kweqembu kunezinhlobo ezi-3:
- Noel Ay Res - izimbali ezi-terry ezihlukile ngesimo esiyinkimbinkimbi;
- UPauline - Izinhlobonhlobo ezisencane ezikhulile eNgilandi zokuhlobisa izingadi;
- I-Orange Gloe - Izinhlobo ezi-hybrid ezinezimbali eziqhakaze kakhulu. Esiqwini se-eranthis, cm cm ngaphansi kwamathuna, kukhona ikhola eluhlaza.
Star Eranthis entwasahlobo, izinkanyezi zaseMpumalanga Ekude zimboza inkanyezi enemibala egqamile. Le nhlobo isetshenziselwa ama-bouquets, ikhula ibe yi-20 cm ukuphakama ngezimo ezinhle. Awekho amaqabunga esiqu. Imvamisa kutholakala ngombala omhlophe.
Ngibe negama layo ngenxa yamathuna, akha ukwakheka kwenkanyezi. Ikhula enhlabathini enomswakama kahle ezindaweni ezimnyama zehlathi. I-Stellate erantis blooms kafushane kakhulu - ngaphansi kwamaviki ama-2.
Intwasahlobo yeKirrus evamile eziqhingini zaseJapan futhi inezimbali ezimhlophe qhwa ezinezimbali eziphuzi kanye notshani obuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka - izinhlobo ezingandile kakhulu ze-eranthis.
U-Erantis Tubergen
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-hybrid ezihlanganisa izakhiwo zasentwasahlobo nobusika beCilician. Lapho utshala, kusobala ukuthi nezilimo eziyizigaxa zase-Erantis zikhulu kakhulu, futhi emva kokuqhakaza kwembewu akuveli.
Izinhlobo zezinto ezinezimbali ezinde, ziqukethe izinhlobo eziningana:
- IGolide YeGuinea - kubonakaliswa ngamanani aphansi afinyelela ku-10 cm, ama-buds aphuzi amnyama nge "collar" eluhlaza namabhulashi ethusi;
- Udumo - Inemibala namaqabunga aluhlaza okhanyayo, kanye nefomu elikhulisiwe lamahlamvu aphuzi. Kufanelekile ukuhlela ingadi yasehlobo, ihlanganiswe nezinye izinhlobo ze-eranthis ezelula izimbali.
USyerian Erantis igama libonisa ukuthi imbali yasendle ivame ukutholakala eSiberia yaseNtshonalanga naseMpumalanga. Amasimu amakhulu atholakala ogwini lomfula, ezigodini eziphakeme. Imvamisa kungabonakala emasimini eqhwa. Iziqu zibuthakathaka, kepha zinezimbali ezinhle ezimhlophe. Ama-inflorescences avulwa ngoMeyi, kwathi ngoJuni lesi sitshalo siyathatha umhlalaphansi.
Intwasahlobo enezinyawo ezinde yasatshalaliswa eCentral Asia. Ukuphakama kwezitshalo ngazinye kufinyelela ku-25 cm. Izimbali ziqala sekwephuzile - ngoMeyi. Ama-buds makhulu, akhanya. Ekupheleni kukaJuni, iyagcwala ngokuphelele futhi yakhe izikhwama eziyindilinga ngembewu.
I-Cilician Spring yaqala ukusakazeka isuka eningizimu yeYurophu nase-Asia Minor. Kuqala ukuqhakaza ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-12-16 kunezinhlobonhlobo zobusika. Kwenzeka kakhulu endle kunasemasimini, ngenxa yokuqhakaza okuncane. Ayilungele ukutshala ezindaweni ezinesithwathwa esiphithizela. Ihluka ngesikhathi sokuhluma kokuqala ngezinsimbi ezikhanyayo onsomi nge-underlayer ebomvu. Ikhula iphansi - ifinyelela ku-10-12 cm.
I-Erantis yokutshala nokunakekela ngaphandle
Isitshalo asisihle kakhulu ukuba singasinakekela, kepha kukhona amaphuzu okufanele acatshangwe lapho utshala:
- erantises athande izindawo ezinelanga, azizwe emnandi ngaphansi kwezihlahla ezingavamile zemithi, cabanga ngalokhu lapho ukhetha indawo yokutshala (nika uhlangothi olungasentshonalanga noma oluseningizimu yengadi);
- izitshalo ezinjengomswakama ophezulu, kepha amanzi kufanele adabule kalula emhlabathini - udinga udoti omuhle, ngaphandle kwalokho izimpande zizoqala ukubola;
- inhlabathi ekhethwa i-erantis i-loamy (ingxube yesihlabathi nobumba, evumela ukuthi umswakama nomoya kudlule kahle);
- I-Erantis ingondliwa ngomanyolo wamaminerali, ovela kuwo uqhuma kakhulu. Kepha imbali ayifuneki ikakhulu kunani lomsoco lomhlabathi;
- Isimo esibalulekile sokuthuthuka okuhle kwezilimo eziyizigaxa nembewu ukungathathi hlangothi kwenhlabathi. Uma umhlaba unama-acid, bangeza ulamula.
Ngaphambi kokwehla, qiniseka ukukhulula umhlabathi. Cabanga lapho ukhetha indawo yokutshala i-erantis ukuthi umswakama ngokweqile uzoqongelela ezindaweni eziphansi entwasahlobo, lapho izimpande zizoqala ukubola khona.
Iseluleko! Sebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwe-acid yenhlabathi ngaphambi kokutshala izimbali. Kuthengiswa ngohlobo lwama-litmus strips futhi kusiza ekuboneni uhlobo lomhlabathi - ongathathi hlangothi, onomunyu noma we-alkali.
Ngemuva kokukhetha indawo ekahle, qhubeka ngokufika ku-erantis:
- Cwilisa nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezihlikiwe amahora angama-12 ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini. Inqubo izosheshisa ukuhluma.
- Tshala nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezifika ku-5-6 cm, ngokushesha manisela amanzi axazululiwe.
- Uma ukutshala imbewu, kwenze ngo-Agasti-Septhemba. Indlela yokuhlwanyela isakazeka, ilandelwe ukumboza umhlabathi ngesendlalelo esingafika ku-2 cm. Ngemuva kokufafaza, nisela umbhede.
- Imbewu ye-Eranthis ingatshalwa emabhokisini ekhaya, futhi ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa, zingatshalwa ezindaweni ezingapheli.
Ukunakekelwa kuka-Erantis ngemuva kokufika
Isihlahla sentwasahlobo siyimbali elula ukunakekelwa efanelekile kubalimi abaqalayo. Landela izincomo ezilula, futhi uzokujabulela isikhathi eside ngama-buds amahle nokungabikho kwezinkinga:
- ungavumeli ukumiswa okukhulu, kepha qaphela ukuntuleka kokuswakama kwenhlabathi, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwezilimo eziyizigaxa ezisencane. Ukweqa ngokweqile kungagwenywa uma kusetshenziswa amanzi;
- noma ngabe intwasahlobo iqhume, susa ukhula eduze kwayo, ngoba nezilimo eziyizigaxa ziyaqhubeka nokukhula;
- ukondla, sebenzisa isisombululo esibuthakathaka samanyolo wamaminerali ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, emva kwawo nasekwindla;
- Musa ukutshala ezinye izimbali ngaphezu kwentwasahlobo ebolile;
- ehlobo, i-erantis yasebusika iyaphumula, akudingekile ukuyinisela kakhulu (isomiso esincane ngeke sikulimaze kakhulu, futhi lapho kukhona izimvula ezivamile, ukuthambisa kumisiwe ngokuphelele).
Izitshalo ezakhiwe azidingi ukukhetha uhlobo oluthile lwamanzi. Imbewu kanye nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezisanda kutshalwa kufanele ziniselwe ngamanzi abandayo asezinze isikhathi esithile. Ngokuvumelana nezincomo ezilula, i-erantis izothokozela ngokuqhakaza okugcwele endaweni eyodwa iminyaka emi-5.
I-Caucasian hellebore iyilungu lomndeni wamaRanunculaceae. Ukhule ngesikhathi sokutshala nokunakekela emhlabathini ovulekile, ngaphandle kokubangela inkathazo kubalimi, kepha kusadinga ukulandela izindlela zokulima. Zonke izincomo ezidingekayo zokutshala nokunakekela i-hellebore zingatholakala kule ndatshana.
Ukutshala imbewu ye-Erantis
Ungasakaza intwasahlobo ngembewu nezilimo eziyizigaxa. Ivela kalula ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza komuntu - ukuzisabalalisa. Ukuvikela uhlelo lwengadi kusuka ekuqhakambeni okwandayo kwe-Erantis kumasizini alandelayo, izinhlobo zezinhlamvu kufanele zilawulwe.
Ukusakazeka kwembewu
Ngendlela efanayo, intwasahlobo ikhula ku-vivo. Kwenzeka okufanayo nasemhlabathini ovulekile.
Umoya ungasabalalisa imbewu kude nezitshalo zomzali. I-Erantis etshalwe nokuzisabalalisa ayidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile.
Ukuhlwanyelwa kwe-Autumn ka-Erantis
Imbewu ye-Erantis ihlwanyelwa ekwindla ngemuva kokuvunwa, indawo ikhethwa emthunzini. Izitshalo ziyaqhakaza ngeminyaka emi-3, bese amahlumela wokuqala azovela entwasahlobo (kwabantu abaphezulu kakhulu kanye nokuhluma kwezitshalo).
Ukuhlwanyelwa kwentwasahlobo kuka-Erantis
Entwasahlobo, imbewu ehlukanisiwe ye-erantis iyatshalwa. Ukuze uqhubeke nenqubo, udinga ukuwabeka ethreyini elenziwe nge-polystyrene, lapho inhlabathi ifafazwa khona ngokuphumelelayo: amanzi, ipeat noma isihlabathi. Ngemuva kokwakheka kwenhlabathi, udinga ukuyingcwilisa kahle (sebenzisa isibhamu sokufafaza). Phezu kwengxube usakaza imbewu bese ufafaza ngesendlalelo esincanyana se-peat, amboze nge-tray efanayo.
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, imbewu ye-erantis ingmbelwa eqhweni. Khetha indawo lapho umoya onamandla ungangeni khona ukuze ugqoko olungaphezulu lungagxili. Ukuze uthembeke, ungayisonga ngetheyipu noma ngethayi kagesi. Ngokwezinhlobonhlobo zentwasahlobo ngayinye, kunenkathi ehlukile yokwenziwa kweziqu ezilungele ukutshala. Kwiphakheji, abakhiqizi bavame ukuqaphela le nto.
Ngonyaka wokuqala, kuphela amaqabunga ama-cotyledonous amaqabunga, ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa bafa, bese kuqhuma ibhungane elincanyana ngaphakathi kwenhlabathi. Ukwakheka kwayo ngokuphelele kwenzeka entwasahlobo yeminyaka emi-2 ngemuva kokutshala. Izilimo eziyizigaxa eziqinisiwe zase-Erantis kudingeka zidluliselwe endaweni lapho zizokhula khona njalo.
I-Erantis tuber propaganda
Ngonyaka wokuqala emva kokutshala, nezilimo eziyizigaxa ze-erantis ngeke zikwazi ukuzala, ngoba lokhu kufanele okungenani kudlule iminyaka emi-2. Ezinye izinhlobo ziqala ukukhiqiza ama-tubers endodakazi iminyaka emithathu kuphela. Inqubo yokuthola isibani esisha inezigaba eziningana:
- Kuyadingeka ukulinda kuze kuphele intwasahlobo, kodwa kusazogcina amaqabunga aphilayo. Ngalesi sikhathi sesikhathi, bmba ama-tubers.
- Amabhuki endodakazi ahlukaniswe ngokucophelela, eqaphela ukuthi angalimazi ukwakheka kwalezi zingxenye zombili.
- Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezintsha zitshalwa ngokushesha endaweni lapho zizokhula khona njalo.
- Ungasika nezilimo eziyizigaxa zibe abahlukanisi, ufafaze izindawo zokuzihlukanisa ngamalahle achotshoziwe bese utshala izitshalo.
- Udinga ukutshala amaqhubu kusuka ku-10 cm ngaphandle komunye nomunye ngesilinganiso sezingcezu ezi-6 emgodini owodwa. Bopha i-rhizome ekujuleni kuka-6 cm, kepha ungabi ngaphansi kuka-4 cm.
Ngaphambi kokutshala intwasahlobo, izimbobo kufanele ziniselwe futhi zivuthwe ngenhlanganisela ye-humus, izinkuni ezingenayo i-compif kanye nomquba. I-pH engathathi hlangothi yomhlabathi ingatholakala ngomlotha. Imibhede emisha yembobo entsha yokugcina umswakama engxenyeni ephezulu yomhlaba.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
Isitshalo esisezimpandeni, iziqu kanye nama-inflorescence aqukethe ubuthi obuyingozi kuma-microorganisms ayingozi kakhulu. Izifo nezinambuzane entwasahlobo azithinti. Ukuphela kwento eyingozi kuye isikhunta esigrey. Kuvela emanzini amile ohlelweni lwezimpande. Kubalulekile ukuqapha umswakama womhlaba, ususe uketshezi ngokweqile ngesikhathi ukuze isitshalo ungaqali ukubola.
Ukuqhuma kokuqala kwe-eranthis "kuthandiwe kakhulu" yizinyosi. Bayakujabulela ukuqoqa umpe kuyo, bese bekhiqiza uju olunempilo. Esakhiweni se-multicomponent sezinhlobonhlobo ze- "meadow forbs" noma "i-foried pontmont forbs" kuhlale kukhona izinhlayiya zezinzuzo zalesi sitshalo. Ngokungafani nazo zonke ezinye izingxenye, impova yakhe ayinobuthi.
