I-Arabis (lat.Arabis) iyisitshalo se-herbaceous esidala somndeni weKlabishi, esibizwa nangokuthi i-pekuha. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwe-100 kulolu hlobo, ezikhula ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu seplanethi, ezisukela ezifundeni ezishisayo zaseNyakatho kuya ezintabeni ezintabeni zase-Afrika ezishisayo.
Igama elithi "Arabis" linemvelaphi engaziwa. Ngokuqondene negama elithi "rezukha", libangelwa yi-pubescence enzima kakhulu yesitshalo, engagawulwa futhi uma ungayithinti ngokucophelela.
Ukutshala ama-arabis sekubambe iqhaza ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-200. Lesi sitshalo esidume kakhulu ekwakhiweni komhlaba, lapho singabonakala khona ngokwakhiwa kwemibhede yezimbali, imingxube, eduze kwemingcele, kwizaphulelo nakuma-alpine slides. Ngakho-ke, sizobheka ukuthi ungayinakekela kanjani i-arabis endaweni yakho futhi uhlanganyele kuyo ukukhiqizwa kwayo kabusha.
Ukutshala imbewu ye-Arabis
Ukutshala imbewu ye-Arabis alpine lapho itshalwe
Ukukhula i-arabis kusuka ezinhlakalweni kubandakanya izigaba eziningana:
1. Ukuhlwanyela imbewu. Imbewu itholakala ngobuningi ezitolo ezibandakanya ukuthengiswa kwezinhlamvu ezinhlobonhlobo. Izinhlobo ezikhethekile zingathengwa emibukiso yezimbali. Ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa ekwindla, ngo-Okthoba, ukuze ubone izithombo ngokushisa kokuqala ngemuva kobusika. Kepha ungahlwanyela imbewu entwasahlobo, ngo-Ephreli. Okokuqala, imbewu ifakwa ebhokisini elinengxenye yokulungiselela eyenziwe ngaphambili enesihlabathi enamatshe amancane nenhlabathi yengadi ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 3. Ukutshala ukujula - kuze kufike ku-5 mm, izinga lokushisa lokuhluma - 20 ºC. Ukuze ukhule ube phezulu ngangokunokwenzeka, hlela abamba ukushisa okuvela ku-agrospan.
Imbewu Arabis
2. Izithombo ezikhulayo. Amahlumela okuqala avela ngemuva kwamasonto angama-3-4. Ngemuva kwalokhu, lo greenhouse uyakhishwa, inani nesilinganiso sokunisela kuyancishiswa, bese isitsha esinezithombo sidluliselwe endaweni elula. Ukunakekela izithombo kulula - ukuthambisa inhlabathi ngesikhathi.
3. Khetha. Lapho kuvela amaqabunga okuqala eqiniso, kudalwa izithombo zama-arabis. Kufanele ihlukaniswe ibe yizithombo futhi itshalwe ibanga elingama-30 cm noma ezingilazini ezihlukile. Kepha lokhu kungenzeka kuphela ezimweni ezimbili: uma lesi sitshalo sihlelelwe ukutshala ngakunye, hhayi ukuthi sikhule ngopopayi, futhi uma uhlela ukuthengisa izithombo ngawodwana.
4. Ukutshala ku-flowerbed. Ngaphambi kwale nqubo, izithombo kufanele zijwayele umoya omusha. Kulokhu, bathathwa bavuleke isikhashana isikhashana nsuku zonke amasonto amabili. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, izinto eziphilayo kumele zingavunyelwa ukuthi zibe kokusalungiswa okuyingozi kuzo. Lapho inqubo yokulukhuni isiza kuphela, zonke izithombo zifakwa endaweni yezimbali futhi itshaliwe.
Ukufakwa kwamarab emhlabathini ovulekile
Ukutshala i-arabis nini
I-Arabis itshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile ezinsukwini zokugcina zentwasahlobo noma ihlobo. Lapho utshala, khetha isikhathi lapho isithombo sinamaqabunga amathathu eqiniso. I-Arabis itshalwe ecebeni elikhanyiswe kahle yilanga, futhi lishaywa nangomoya. Lokhu akusho ukuthi ngeke kukhule emthunzini we-rezha. Kepha lapho inani nosayizi wezimbali, kanye nezinga lokukhula kuzoba mpofu kakhulu.
Futhi cabanga ngezidingo zokwakheka kwenhlabathi esizeni. URezukha udinga isihlabathi esimanzi esikhulayo, esithe xaxa, esingenamanzi, lapho kungekho khona utshani obunokhula. To it enze umquba obuningi of amaminerali nohlobo eziphilayo. Ukuze inhlabathi ibambe umswakama kangcono kakhulu futhi igcwele umoya-mpilo, isihlabathi, isod, amatshe amatshe amancane ayangezwa kuyo.
Uma umnikazi womhlaba engafuni ukulungisa inhlabathi, ungatshala ama-arabis kunoma yimuphi umhlabathi
noma sibaliwe noma simuncu. Isitshalo sizokhula, kepha ngeke sinikeze izimbali eziqhakazelayo njengoba kulindeleke.
Isithombo esisodwa sitshalwe endaweni engamasentimitha angama-40x40. Ukwenza ukhaphethi ube mnene kakhulu, ungatshala izithombo ezi-4 ngasikhathi sinye. Lapho lonke icebo seligcwele, liniselwa kakhulu, futhi emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, uma inhlabathi ingalungiswa ngaphambili, yenza umanyolo wamaminerali owenziwe ngomumo. Ngonyaka wokutshala, ama-arabis ngeke aqhakaze, kodwa ayojabulisa kuphela ngesizini elilandelayo.
Ukunakekela i-arabis ku-flowerbed
Ukutshala nokunakekela kwangaphandle kwama-Arabis
I-Arabis kusayithi akunzima kakhulu ukuyinakekela. Kuyadingeka ukukunisela, ususe ukhula, usike ngezikhathi ezithile, umanyolo, ukhiphe inhlabathi evundile, uphathe lesi sitshalo ezinambuzaneni, uma zivela. I-roach ingatshalwa endaweni engenazo izimvula eziba khona, ngoba ibekezelela isomiso kalula. Kepha umswakama owedlulele uthinta kabi ukukhula kwalezi zimbali, ngakho-ke akufanele futhi ukuthi zinwe.
Ama-Arabis kumele ahlanze ukhula njalo, kungenjalo azosimanzisa isitshalo esidabukisayo. Lapho izithombo ziqina, awukwazi ukukwenza lokhu ngokucophelela. Ukwakha isihlahla esihle, amahlumela avulwa. Okufanayo kusebenza ngezimbali ezomile, izihlahla zazo ezikhuthaza ukwakheka kwama-peduncle amasha.
Ungayisakaza kanjani i-arabis
Ukufika kwe-Arabis nokunakekela isithombe
Kulula kakhulu ukutshala isitshalo esizeni sakho futhi usakaze, ngoba izindlela zezitshalo (ukwahlukanisa isihlahla, amagatsha, ukusika) kanye nokukhiqiza (imbewu) zingasetshenziselwa lokhu. Indlela yokugcina isetshenziswa kangcono kuphela ekuzalweni kwezinhlobo zama-arabis, ngoba ibuhlungu kakhulu.
Ukuthola okungu-terry okuvame ukwenzeka esizeni, kusakaze nge-cutways
Iqabunga elinezithende lisikiwe esitshalweni esidala (liqukethe i-cumbria, ebhekele ukukhula kwesitshalo), egxilile. Ukususa isithende, ishidi liqhekeka izandla nomuntu ozama ukubamba, zombili amagxolo esiqu nenyama yalo. Inqubo yokuhlukaniswa kwe-petiole yenziwa ngemuva kokuqhakaza kwesitshalo. Ungasusa ne-10-centimeter ephezulu, engeke ibe yinto yokutshala esezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu. Amacembe aphansi ayasuswa kuwo.
Ama-cuttings alungiselelwe agxotshwa phansi abe yi-substrate, imbiza imbozwe nge-greenhouse futhi ibekwe endaweni ekhanyayo. Inhlabathi ivundiswa njalo ukuze ingoma. Nsuku zonke, lo abamba ukushisa kuvulwa imizuzu eminingana ukuze umoya futhi ukhiphe i-condensate. Isiginali yokuthi isitshalo sesiqalile ukubuyiselwa kwe-turgor yamaqabunga aphezulu. Ngemuva kwalokho, ungalungiselela ukutshala izithombo ezisikiwe kwi-flowerbed. Kuthatha inqubo yonke cishe inyanga.
Enye indlela yokukhiqiza kabusha ukuthola ukwahlukanisa
Bathatha ihlumela le-arabis banqume phezulu kwalo, futhi baligaya endaweni yendawo yamaqabunga. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izonikeza izimpande ezintsha futhi ibe isitshalo esime ngokugcwele esingahlukaniswa futhi sitshalwe kabusha.
Okungenani kwabo bonke abahilelekile ekuhlukanisweni kwesihlahla. Lokhu kungadingeka lapho kuzalaniswa i-terry nezinhlobonhlobo ezibalulekile. Lesi sitshalo simbiwa ekwindla futhi sihlukaniswe ndawonye nezimpande sibe izingxenye eziningi, ezidluliselwa ezindaweni ezilungiselelwe embhedeni wezimbali.
Izinambuzane nezifo ze-arabis
ukutshala izimbali nokunakekelwa kwe-arabis
I-creeper ayithinteki nezegciwane nazo zonke izinhlobo zezifo, kepha lesi sitshalo siyathinteka emiphumeleni ye-viral mosaic kanye ne-insect cruciferous flea. Isifo sokuqala sinemvelo - amabala ansundu avela emaqabungeni, anda, athinta wonke imifino. Alikho ikhambi le-mosaic, ngakho-ke umuntu othintekayo uyasuswa futhi ashiswe, nenhlabathi ihlanzwe.
Balwa nengquza ebethelekayo ngosizo luka-Actellik, Biotlin, Actara, Karbofos, Spark. Ukusetshenziswa kwamakhambi abantu - izinkuni zomlotha - akunamphumela okhethekile.
Ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali
Ukulinywa kwama-Arabis
Ngisho nalapho kuqhuma ama-arabis, umlimi kufanele aqaphele ama-inflorescence anamandla kakhulu lapho ukuqoqa khona imbewu. Lapho kuqala amaqabunga okuqala, zivunwa kwisimo sezulu esomile. Uma uqoqa imbewu ngesikhathi esingafanele, kungenzeka ingakhuli kahle ngonyaka olandelayo. I-inflorescences kanye nesiqu ziyanqunywa futhi zivunyelwe ukuba zome ngaphandle kwegumbi, zilenga ezindaweni ezomile, ezinomoya. Lapho indawo yokusebenza isomile, imbewu iyasuswa kuyo, ebekwa ebhokisini lekhadibhodi bese igcinwa kuze kufike isikhathi sokuhlwanyela.
I-arabis ebusika
Lesi sitshalo sisinda kuphela kumaqhwa amancane - cishe -5-7 ºC. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iyasinda ngisho nasezimweni zezulu ezinzima kakhulu, iziqu zama-arabic cishe zinqunywe ngokuphelele, zishiya kuphela ama-3-4 cm, futhi izimpande zimbozwe ngamaqabunga, utshani, amagatsha e-spruce, nezinye izinto zokuvikela eziqandeni eziqinile.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zama-arabis noma ama-rhesus
Ngenhloso yokuhlobisa, lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo zama-arabis atshalwe kwi-flowerbed:
Isithombe se-Arabis alpine Arabis alpina
I-Arabis alpine (I-Arabis alpina). Indawo yokuhlala yemvelo yiMpumalanga Ekude, i-Urals, iScandinavia, iNtshonalanga Yurophu, iNyakatho Melika, ngokunembile, izintaba ziba kulezi zindawo. I-perennial ikhula ize ibe ngu-35 cm ukuphakama. Amahlumela akhiqizwayo ahlwanyelwe kakhulu, afana neziswebhu.
Izitshalo zemifino zikhula ngqo emhlabathini futhi zingafi efrijini, ngaleyo ndlela zakha imicamelo emincane emhlabathini. Amacembe asezimpandeni naseziquleni ahlukile. Ezokuqala zingama-oval, ezesibili zimise okwenhliziyo. Izimbali zimhlophe noma zipinki, zinamakha amakhulu ngosayizi 1 cm.Ziqoqwe ngebhulashi eli-5 cm ubude, elivuleka entwasahlobo. Isikhathi sezimbali - isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga.
Izinhlobo eziningana ze-alpine arabis zikhule ngesiko:
- i-shneeskhaube - ukuphakama kwesitshalo kuze kufike ku-25 cm, izimbali zikhulu kunokujwayelekile (2 cm), amabhulashi aqoqwa kuze kube ngu-15 cm ubude;
- i-terry - amacembe wezimbali kuma-terry inflorescence, acishe afane nobunxele kwesobunxele;
- pink - inezimpawu ezifanayo njenge-schneshaube, kepha umbala wamacembe upinki.
Ama-Arabis aqhuma ama-Arabhu bryoides
I-Arabis iqhuma (I-Arabis bryoides) - ikhula eGrisi naseBalkan, ehlala ikakhulu ezindaweni ezise-Alpine nezingaphansi kwe-subalpine. Lokhu kokumila kukhula futhi kube-cushion-like, kodwa kube kuncane (10 cm ukuphakama). Izinhlobo zihlukaniswa ngamahlamvu amancane, ambozwe kakhulu yi-pubescence. Ijamo lazo li-oval, aqoqwe ezisekelweni. Izimbali zimhlophe ngombala, ziqoqwa kuma-inflorescence ohlobo lwe-corymbose, izingcezu ezi-3-6 inye.
Isithombe se-Arabis Caucasian Arabis Caucasica isithombe
I-Arabis Caucasian (I-Arabis caucasica) - ithathwa njenge-subspecies ye-Alpine arabis, ehlala ezintabeni zaseCrimea, eCaucasus, e-Asia Minor naseMedithera. Lesi ngesinye sezinhlobo ezinkulu, ezikhula zibe ngamasentimitha angama-30. Amaqabunga ama-arabis anemibala emincane, eluhlaza okotshani, embozwe nge-villi eminyene. Isimo sazo siguqekile, emaphethelweni ahlanjululwe ngamazinyo amakhulu. Izimbali zase-Caucasian arabis ziyaqhakaza zibe mhlophe, izimbali zinobukhulu obuyi-1.5 cm, nama-inflorescence ngesimo sendawo yokuxubha - cm 8. Isikhathi sezimbali nguJuni-Julayi. Ekupheleni kwayo, inkungu ende ende enezinhlamvu ezivuthiwe.
Lokhu kungenye yezinhlobo zakudala ezitshaliwe, ezikhule ngendlela yezinhlobo ezinjalo:
- ukugqotshwa kwe-flora - kunezimbali ezinkulu ezimhlophe eziphindwe kabili, ezihlala kuma-peduncle amade;
- i-varigata - ehlukile ngombala wamaqabunga, ngoba anomngcele ophuzi nxazonke;
- i-rosabella - ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo, inezimbali ezipinki.
I-Arabis Runner Arabis procurrens
I-Arabis runaway (I-Arabis procurrens) - ikhula ezindaweni zezintaba eziseBalkan. Isitshalo esifushane kakhulu esinokuphakama okungadluli ku-12 cm, sakha ama-rosette amancane ngamaqabunga kanye nama-nondescript aqhakaza. Kuhlwanyelwe isithombo emithambekeni ukuvikela ukugwilika komhlaba. Lolu hlobo lungamelana neqhwa, aludingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile. Ukuphepha, kungcono ukusimboza ebusika. Izinhlobonhlobo ze-mosagate zisetshenziswa emibhedeni yezimbali, enomngcele omkhulu omhlophe obonakalayo ekugcineni kwamaqabunga aluhlaza. Izimbali onsomi, kancane kancane ziphenduka zaba mhlophe.
I-Arabis ibeka phansi i-Arabis pumila
Ama-Arabis agxiliwe (I-Arabis pumila) kungenye inhlobo encane yecirrus enobude obungaba ngu-15 cm. Ikhula e-Alps nase-Apennines. Izimbali azinanzuzo yokuhlobisa, ngoba izimbali zimhlophe, zincanyana, zimbi. Kwisiko elikhulile ngenxa yezithelo, ezihehayo.
I-Arabis pro-umphimbo Arabis androsacea
Abakwa-Arabis breakwater (Arabis androsacea) - uhlala ezintabeni zaseTurkey, utholakala endaweni ephakeme ngamakhilomitha angaphezu kwama-2. Enye yezitshalo ezincane kunazo zonke - ukuphakama akukho ngaphezu kwama-5- 10 cm. Amaqabunga aqoqwe ku-rosette, abe nesimo sokusaqanda, esimile okucijile. Izimbali ezimhlophe ziqoqa izihlangu ezikhululekile.
I-Arabis ciliated Arabis blepharophylla
Ama-Arabhu aboshwa (I-Arabis blepharophylla) - ikhula eCalifornia endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-500. Ukuphakama kwezitshalo - 8 cm, ububanzi - kungekho ngaphezu kwamasentimitha angama-25. I-ciliary arabis inamaqabunga aluhlaza aluhlaza kanye nombala omnandi we-inflorescence - umbala omnyama opinki.
Ngakho-ke, ngesisekelo sazo, izinhlobo ezimbili zabelwe esikweni:
- I-Route Surance - inezimbali ezigqamile ezipinki namaqabunga amakhulu amade;
- I-Frühlingshaber - ihluke ngamaqabunga amancanyana nezimbali ezipinki.
U-Arabis Ferdinand weCoburg Variegat lat. I-Arabis Ferdinandi-coburgii variegata
U-Arabis Ferdinand weCoburg Variegat (lat. I-Arabis Ferdinandi-coburgii "Variegata") yizinhlobo ezincane kunazo zonke zama-arabis ubude bawo obudluli ku-5 cm futhi ububanzi be-bush bungamasentimitha angama-30. Kubhekwe njengesitshalo se-semi-evergreen. Umbono ubonakala ngokuqhakaza okumhlophe okuqhakaza, kanye nemifino emnandi, enombala oluhlaza oluyisisekelo olukhanyayo kanye nomphetho onsundu-ophuzi noma opinki. Amahlamvu aqoqwa esitolo. Lesi sitshalo simelana neqhwa lapho kunesistimu ephezulu yokudonsa amanzi.
Arabis noma rezuca Botanical incazelo yezinhlobo
Isithombe se-arabis sase-Caucasian sezimbali zase-Arabis Caucasica Blepharophylla
Yize i-arabis isitshalo esidala, ingatshalwa futhi njengonyaka, uma ufuna ukufaka esikhundleni sezimbali zomhlaba ngaphansi konyaka. Le mbali isakazeka kuyo yonke indawo, ibangelwa kalula ngeziqu. Ukuphakama kukhulu impela, njengesembozo esingaphansi komhlaba - amasentimitha angama-30. Amaqabunga esiqhekeza esiluhlaza aphuma kahle ngezinwele ezimnyama, zohlobo olujwaye konke okushiwo inhliziyo, kwesinye isikhathi anama denticles emaphethelweni.
Lesi sitshalo siqhakaza maphakathi nentwasahlobo, simboza umhlabathi ngezimbali ezimhlophe, ezibomvana, neziphuzi ezinama-petals alula nezinhlobo ezimbili. Izimbali zincanyana - 1.5 cm, kepha ziqoqwe kuma-inflorescence - amabhulashi aminyene. Lapho kuqhakaza izimbali, i-creeper ikhiqiza iphunga elimnandi, ngakho-ke kungenye yezitshalo eziphambili zenyosi ku-flowerbed, eheha inani elikhulu lezinyosi. Ngemuva kwalokho isithelo sakhiwa ngesimo sefoloko, lapho imbewu evuthiweyo ivuthwa, kwesinye isikhathi nge-lionfish.
Ngokubambisana ne-rekha, ungatshala izitshalo eziningi ezifanayo, wakhela imbali ecishe ibe miningi, kodwa enemibala ehlukahlukene, ngoba i-arabis inezihlobo eziningi. Lezi yi-alissum, colza, iklabishi, i-Iberis, isithombo, isinaphi, i-horseradish nenye iklabishi. Kuyaziwa nge-rookh ukuthi kulula ukuyikhulisa, ngakho-ke, ukuyikhulisa engadini ngeke kunikeze iphunga elimnandi nokubukeka okuhle kwe-flowerbed, kodwa futhi kuzoba ngumsebenzi okhanyayo.
