Kungani amaqabunga ekhukhamba aphenduka aphuzi, omile futhi aqhekekile?

Umgcini wegadi ngamunye ungahle abhekane nenkinga efanayo - ngokushesha ukhukhamba luqala ukuphenduka amaqabunga aphuzi, omile, futhi ngezinye izikhathi anciphise. Kungani lokhu kwenzeka nokuthi ungavimba kanjani uphuzi wamahlamvu wamakhukhamba? Ungayinqanda kanjani kungakashayi isikhathi? Kulesi sihloko, sizodingida izizathu zokuthi kungani amaqabunga wamakhukhamba ephenduka aphuzi, omile futhi aqhekekile. Futhi - izindlela zokuvimbela nokulawula zale nkinga.

Imodi yokunisela engalungile yamakhukhamba

Nisela ukhukhamba ngendlela yokuthi kunomswakama omningi enhlabathini, kepha hhayi okweqile noma okushodayo. Ngokuntuleka kokuswakama, amaqabunga amakhukhamba aqinisekiswa ukuthi aphuzi, abe nomswakama omningi emhlabathini, ngaphezu kwamaqabunga aba aphuzi, izitshalo ngokwazo nazo zingaqala ukubola. Ngokufanelekile, inhlabathi kufanele iswakanyiswe ngokulingana kuze kufike ku-9-12 cm.

Yini okufanele ngiyenze uma ikhukhamba ishiya abamba ukushisa noma umhlaba ovulekile uqala ukushintsha umbala? Okokuqala, udinga ngokushesha ukujwelisa ukuthambisa, uthole ukuthi inhlabathi inyiselwe ngokwanele yini, ukuthi ngabe isemisha kakhulu noma igcwele amanzi. Lokhu kulula ukukuqinisekisa ngokumba inhlabathi ekujuleni kuka-9-9 cm. Umbuso wokunisela ofanele ku-greenhouse uyibhakede lamanzi ngesikwere samamitha, njalo ezinsukwini ezimbili noma ezintathu. Kuyacaca ukuthi uma kukhona ukushisa, khona-ke imvelo yokunisela ukhukhamba ingaphindeka kabili, futhi uma imanzi futhi kunamafu, bese unciphisa ngesigamu.

Uma inhlabathi engaphansi kwamakhukhamba isimanzi kakhulu, lapho-ke kufanele uyeke ukuthambisa ukhulule inhlabathi kuwo wonke umhlaba. Kuvunyelwe futhi ukufafaza isihlabathi somfula owomile noma umlotha wokhuni ngaphezulu, bamunca umswakama owodwa.

Esimweni lapho inhlabathi ngaphansi kwamakhukhamba idluliswa khona, khona-ke kufanele ichitheke kahle. Amanzi okushisa Igumbi kuphela okufanele asetshenziselwe ukumanzisa inhlabathi, futhi ukuze umswakama ungene ujule enhlabathini, kuyalulekwa ukuwuthukulula ngaphambi kokunisela. Ngemuva kokunisela, inhlabathi kufanele ihlanganiswe nge-humus nge-1 cm cm.

Ukushoda komanyolo

Uma kukhona umswakama owenele emhlabathini, futhi amaqabunga aphenduka aphuzi, lapho-ke izitshalo zidinga ukondliwa. Ngakho-ke, kuyaziwa ukuthi ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo, ukhukhamba kumele ondliwe ngomanyolo we-nitrogen, uma engafinyelelwa, khona-ke amaqabunga azoqala ukuphenduka aphuzi.

Ekuqaleni kokuphuzi kwamaqabunga, ungazama ukondla ukhukhamba nge-ammonium nitrate, uqeda i-25-30 g ebhakedeni lamanzi. Izinga lokusetshenziswa kwekhambi elinjalo licishe libe amalitha ayi-1.5-2 nge-skwele ngalinye. Kungcono ukuthi ukhukhise phezulu-amahlandla amahlandla ama-2-3, unaka ngesimo samaqabunga amaqabunga. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi ama-yellowness amaqabunga angapheli, ungawondla ngesisombululo se-nitroammofoski, uqeda isipuni salomanyolo ebhakedeni lamanzi. Izinga lokusetshenziswa ngamalitha ama-3-4 kumitha ngayinye yenhlabathi.

Esimweni lapho amaqabunga wamakhukhamba angaqali kuphela ukujika aphuzi, kodwa futhi angakhula, lokhu kungenzeka kukhombisa ukuntuleka okukhulu kwe-nitrogen enhlabathini. Kungenzeka ukuthi uqonde ukuthi lokhu kungukuntuleka kwe-nitrogen ngokuqondile lapho ijika lepheshana leqabunga likhukhamba likhona, uma liwela phansi, ngakho-ke nakanjani lokhu kungukuntuleka kwe-nitrogen.

Kungenzeka ukunxephezela ukuntuleka okubukhali kwe-nitrogen ngokwazisa i-ammonium nitrate enhlabathini ngenani le-15-18 g nge-skwele ngasinye, lapho usuqede wayichitha emanzini. Kusihlwa, ungaphatha izitshalo zamakhukhamba ngokwazo nge-ammonium nitrate ngokuqeda i-8-10 g yalomanyolo ebhakedeni lamanzi. Lokhu kuzovele kube ukugqoka okuphezulu, okunganikeza umphumela omuhle.

Amaqabunga aphuzi ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-nitrogen.

Isimo sezulu esibandayo

Konke kulula: ukubanda ngesikhathi esingafanele izitshalo kuyingcindezi enkulu kakhulu kubona, futhi bahlala baphendula kulokhu kugxeka ngendlela efanayo - nge-necrosis. Izindawo eziphuziwe zamaqabunga ekhukhamba - lokhu yi-necrosis.

Lapho kuvela amaqabunga aphuzi ikhukhamba, zama ukuletha izinga lokushisa ku-greenhouse (endaweni evulekile, maye, akukho esingakwenza) ejwayelekile. Esikhathini sasemini selanga, izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lekhukhamba ku-greenhouse liyi-23 ... +25 degrees, esimweni sezulu esinamafu + 19 ... +21 degrees, ebusuku - + 16 ... +19 degrees; ngesikhathi sokuzala - phakathi nosuku sezulu elangeni + 24 ... +25 degrees, ngamafu + 22 ... +24 degrees, futhi ebusuku + 19 ... +21 degrees. Ungaguqula amazinga okushisa abamba ukushisa ngokufaka okokushisa (ukwandisa) noma ngokuvula amaqabunga neminyango (kwehlisa izinga lokushisa).

Ilanga elivuthayo

Imvamisa, akulona ilanga ngokwalo elimaza amaqabunga ekhukhamba, kodwa lihambisana nezinye izinto. Imvamisa thina ngokwethu kufanele sibe necala, futhi ilanga liyanda kuphela. Ithi, uma sinisela izitshalo zamakhukhamba ekushiseni, khona-ke umswakama onqwabelene kumaqabunga amaqabunga usebenza njengelensi: imisebe idlula kuwo bese ishisa izicubu zamaqabunga. Inketho yesibili yilapho imvula encane yesikhashana ifika, eshiya amaconsi amancane emacembe aqembe, bese kuthi lapho ilanga liphume ngemuva kwamafu, zibilise bese ziphuma ebusweni beqabunga likhukhamba, zishiya ukushiswa.

Kunendlela eyodwa kuphela yokuphuma - unganiseleli izitshalo ukushisa ngamahlamvu, kungcono ukwenza ukuthambisa ekuseni nakusihlwa kusihlwa, futhi ekuseni udinga ukuzama ukungangeni kumaqabunga amaqabunga lapho uthambisa. Esikhathini abamba ukushisa, ukuze kuvimbele ukuvela kwamahlamvu wamakhukhamba, kubalulekile ukuvula izindawo zokugcina ukuze unciphise umswakama nomoya kanye nokushisa nokuvimbela ukwenzeka kwawo.

Izifo ezahlukahlukene zamakhukhamba

Izifo ezivame kakhulu kusuka kuhlu olukhulu lwezifo ezibangela ukupenda kwamaqabunga amaqabunga ziyisikhunta, ngokwesibonelo, i-powdery isikhutha. Futhi, ngaphezu kokushintsha umbala wamaqabunga amaqabunga, kungaholela ekuwomiseni nakumahlumela awo.

I-Powderyypew ivela njenge-plaque enobuthi ohlangothini olungaphezulu lwecala leqabunga. Kulokhu, izitshalo kumele ziphathwe ngamalungiselelo asuselwe kubhedu (i-HOM, i-oxychom, i-Bordeaux ewuketshezi) noma isikhunta.

Uma uthola amabala aphuzi ngokusobala abonakala ngokucacile kumaqabunga amaqabunga, udinga ukwelapha izitshalo nge-1% yesibabule se-colloidal. Amabala anjalo, futhi emva kwawo ukumiswa kokuphuma nokuhlanekezelwa kweqabunga leqabunga, imbangela i-anthracnose. Njengomthetho, ukwelashwa okukodwa kungahle kunganele, kulokhu, udinga ukwelashwa kabusha ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa, kepha kulokhu sebenzisa u-1% weBordeaux fluid. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, umphumela wokulungiswa kufanele uphathwe nge-sulfate yethusi (isisombululo se-0.5%) ngqo eduze ne-foci yokutheleleka noma kufafazwe ngamalahle ochotshoziwe.

Ikhukhamba ishiya omiswe ngu powdery isikhutha.

Uma kuvela amabala aphuzi oyindilinga emaqabungeni ekhukhamba bese amaqabunga eqala ukoma, bese ubeka amabala amaqabunga athintekile - uzobona amadiphozithi awugqinsi ngaphansi komfula, okusho ukuthi yi-Downy hlobo. Ngemuva kokutholwa kwe-plaque, kuyadingeka ukumisa ngokushesha ukunisela izitshalo isikhathi esingangesonto, bese ubaphatha nge-Oxechom enanini le-18-22 g ngebhakede lamanzi.

Uma okungenani inyanga ngaphambi kokuzala, ungaphatha izitshalo ngeRizoplan (izipuni ezimbili ngebhakede lamanzi). Ukucubungula nalezi zidakamizwa kumele kwenziwe ngokuqinile entwasahlobo. Ungakhohlwa ukususa zonke iziqongo esizeni ngenkathi yasekwindla futhi uphinde uthathe ukutshala ukhukhamba kule ndawo kungekudala ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-5-6.

Izinambuzane zamakhukhamba

Izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene zezitshalo zamakhukhamba, ngokwesibonelo, ama-aphid, izibungu zesicabucabu, ezincela ijusi kusuka ezicutshini zeqabunga, zibangele ukuba kuphuzi kwawo, futhi ekugcineni - zilinganise futhi zomise.

Ukuqonda ukuthi yibona, kungenzeka, okokuqala, ngombala wamaqabunga wamakhukhamba, okuthi lapho kuqala kuphenduke ubala, bese uphenduka ophuzi bese ukothuka, futhi, ngokwesibili, ngokubakhona kwezinambuzane ngokwazo. Amaqoqo e-aphid kulula ukuwathola, kufanelekile ukuguqula iqabunga lelo, kepha umkhaza unzima kakhulu ukuqaphela, ungakuqonda kaningi ukuthi yiwo umkhaza ohlasele ikhukhamba, ngokusho komugqa wesigcawu ongaphansi kwesihlahla.

Endabeni ye-aphid, i-nitroammophoska efanayo ingasiza - 2 wezipuni ngebhakede lamanzi, kahle, i-spider mite ingakwazi ukubhekana nesibabule se-colloidal - 75-85 g ngebhakede lamanzi ngalinye.

Ikhukhamba ukulimala

Zombili izinambuzane mina nawe singazilimaza izimpande zekhukhamba - ukuzisika lapho utshala izithombo noma ngenxa yezenzo zokungena lapho ukhula noma ukhulula inhlabathi.

Uma kulimala izimpande zekhukhamba ngenxa yokuvula inhlabathi, kuyadingeka ukondla izitshalo ngomanyolo we-nitrogen (ammonium nitrate 5-7 g ilitha ngalinye lamanzi - into evamile ngemitha yesikwele), bese uyicosha ngobumnene amasentimitha ambalwa.

Amaqabunga ikhukhamba athinteka aphid.

Izimbangela zokuphuzi nokushiswa kwamaqabunga aphansi ekhukhamba

Sithole izizathu nezindlela zokuqeda i-yellowing, wilting, kanye nokomisa amaqabunga amakhulu, amaqabunga ekhukhamba, kodwa lesi sithombe sivame ukubonwa: amaqabunga amakhulu abukeka ephilile, kanti ongaphansi, namaqabunga ekhukhamba amancanyana aqala ukuguquka aphuzi. Abalimi bakhala i-alamu, bengazi izimbangela zale nto, kodwa ingabe iyingozi ngempela?

Isizathu esivame kakhulu sokuphuzi ngokunembile amaqabunga aphansi eklabishi ukuntuleka kokukhanya. Amaqabunga aphezulu aphezulu, anamandla aqabile amaqabunga aphansi bese efa, engafunwanga.

Kulokhu, akulona i-alamu, ungasusa nje amaqabunga aphuzi kanye namakhukhamba aseqala ukoma, isitshalo asisawadingi.

Isizathu sesibili kungenzeka trace element ukuntulekanjenge-magnesium noma ama-macronutrients anjenge potassium ne phosphorus.

Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukwethula umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wamaminerali ngaphansi kwekhukhamba, obuye uqukethe izinto zokulandela umkhondo. Izinga lesicelo elingu-12-16 g ngemitha ngayinye. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinkuni zomlotha kwesinye isikhathi kuyasiza, kuba ngumanyolo omuhle kakhulu we-potash oqukethe izinto ezilandelwayo. Ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye, ngemuva kokukhulula nokunisela inhlabathi, udinga ukwenza u-50-100 g we-ash ash.

Isizathu sesithathu ukuthi ukuguga kwemvelo kwesitshalo. Uma amaqabunga aphansi ekhukhamba eqala ukujika aphuzi ngasekupheleni kwesizini, khona-ke akufanele ukhathazeke, cishe azokufa, ngoba amaqabunga aphansi aphansi amadala kakhulu.

Kulokhu, inketho efanayo engcono kakhulu yokususa amaqabunga amaqabunga ekhukhamba ukuze angaboli.

Uma ingekho kulezi zindlela ezisizayo, bese ubheka ukuthi: ingabe izitshalo ziyagxambukela, mhlawumbe zibekwe eduze kakhulu futhi inqwaba yamaqabunga ezinye ifihla kakhulu lezo eziseduzane. Uma lokhu kuyiqiniso, lapho-ke kuzodingeka uthathe izinyathelo ezinqala - ukususa ingxenye yemivimbo yekhukhamba noma isitshalo sonke.

Izindlela zokuthola kabusha amaqabunga ekhukhamba

Ngakho-ke, sihlolisise izizathu ezahlukahlukene zokuvela kwamaqabunga aphuzi nokomisa ezitshalweni zamakhukhamba, kodwa kwesinye isikhathi kwenzeka ukuthi azikho kulezi zizathu ezifanele, khona-ke ungasebenzisa izindlela zomhlaba wonke ukubuyisela ukubukeka okuvamile kwamaqabunga amaqabunga.

Indlela ethembekile kunazo zonke ukwelapha ukhukhamba ngamakhompiyutha angakwazi ukulwa eziluhlaza ngasikhathi sinye, futhi anothise izitshalo ngamaminerali.

Inketho Yokuqala: ingxube yobisi nosipho. Kuyadingeka ukufaka ilitha lobisi, 30 g yesepha yokuwasha kanye namaconsi angama-40 e-iodine ebhakedeni lamanzi. Kubalulekile ukuhlanganisa insipho kahle, kuze kube yilapho ichithwe ngokuphelele, izodlala indima “yokunamathela”. Ngalesi sixazululo, udinga ukucubungula ukhukhamba ngokushesha nje lapho kuvela amaqabunga okuqala aphuzi futhi wenze lokhu njalo emavikini amabili aze anyamalale.

Inketho Yesibili: ukumnika kwesinkwa ne-iodine. Kuyadingeka ukufaka inqwaba yesinkwa se-rye ebhakheni lamanzi amahora angama-15 ukuya kwengama-20, emva kwalokho amaconsi ama-60-70 e-iodine kufanele afakwe kwisisombululo, uhlobo kanye namakhukhamba kungaqhutshekwa nalokhu kumnika njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-12-16.

Inketho Yesithathu: ukumnika kwe-anyanisi husks. Kuyadingeka ukuthatha igramu yama-husk ka-500-600 anyanisi bese uthele ibhakede lamanzi. Lo mthamo kufanele ulethwe kumathumba, bese ususwa ekushiseni, uvale ngesivalo esiqinile bese ushiya amahora ayi-12-15. Kusala ukuhluza, thela amanzi ngesigamu ngamanzi futhi ungacubungula izitshalo noma amanzi ngaphansi kwesihlahla, usebenzise 250-300 g lilinye.

Ungakuvimbela kanjani ukuphuza amaqabunga ekhukhamba?

Ekugcineni, sizokutshela ngamakhompiyutha asebenzayo azosiza ukuvikela uphuzi ongalunganga wamahlamvu wamakhukhamba.

Okokuqala! comfrey amakhambi ukumiliselwa, le ngubo ephezulu ephephe futhi ewusizo kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyaphawulwa ukuthi ukhukhamba uphendula kangcono ngokugqoka kusuka ku-comfrey. Ukuze wenze lokhu kugqokwa okuphezulu, udinga ukunquma kahle ikhilogremu ye-comfrey emisha bese uyigcwalisa ngebhakede lamanzi, bese uyivumela ikhishwe cishe isonto. Ngemuva kwalokho kusale ukuhlikihla ukumnika, kusithambise kathathu bese sikusebenzisa sobabili ngokufafaza (amalitha ama-2-3 ngemitha yesikwele) nokugqoka (500-600 g ngesitshalo ngasinye).

Lo manyolo uhlanganiswe kahle kakhulu ne-ash ash. Inqubo imi kanjena - okokuqala udinga ukukhulula inhlabathi, uyithulule ngalomanyolo oluhlaza, bese ufafaza ngokhuni lomlotha ongamasentimitha.

Njenge-prophylactic emelana nezifo ezahlukahlukene zokukhunta, ungasebenzisa solution yokubhaka evamile yesoda. Kuyadingeka ukushutheka isipuni sikasawoti ebhakedeni lamanzi bese uphatha ukhukhamba ngalesi sixazululo, usebenzisa ilitha ngalinye elilingana nemitha futhi uzama ukungena kuzo zombili izinhlaka zamaqabunga amaqabunga.

Okuhle okusebenzayo kulokhu isixazululo se-ureaNgaphezu kwalokho, lokhu ngukugqoka okuhle kwama-foliar ammonia top. Kuyadingeka ukuncibilikisa i-35-45 g ye-urea ebhakedeni lamanzi futhi uphathe izitshalo, usebenzisa ilitha linye lesisombululo.

Inomphumela wokuvimbela isixazululo sobisi olubilisiwe. Kuyadingeka ukuthambisa i-kefir noma i-Whey kabili wenze ukwelashwa, futhi kumanzise zombili izinhlaka zamahlamvu wamakhukhamba.

Izindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokuvimbela i-Powdery isikhutha futhi ngasikhathi sinye ukusondelana okuhle kwamakhukhamba kuyinto ukumiliselwa kwe-mullein. Kuyadingeka ukuzalanisa ikhilogremu yomquba ngamalitha amathathu amanzi bese uyiyeka ibhule usuku lonke. Ngemuva kwalokho ukumnika kufanele kuhlungiwe, kuxutywe ngamanzi kathathu bese kusetshenzwe, kusetshenziswe amalitha ayi-1.5-2 nge-skwele ngalinye.

Umphumela omncane kancane, kepha usakwazi ukuvimba ukuvela kwe-powdery isikhutha kanye nokuphuzi kwamaqabunga ekhukhamba ahambisana nawo, kanye nokudla izitshalo nge-potassium, ukhuni ukumiliselwa noma umnyama omnyama. Ukulungiselela kwayo, kuyadingeka ukuncibilikisa u-500-600 g wokhuni lomlotha noma i-250-300 g of soot ebhakedeni lamanzi bese ukuvumela ukuba uchithe amahora angama-25-30. Emva kwalokhu, kuyinto efiselekayo ukufiphaza ukumnika futhi ungayiphatha ngezitshalo ezizama ukungena kuzo zombili izihlahla zamahlamvu, usebenzise ilitha esihlahleni ngasinye.

Yilokho kuphela esifuna ukukusho ngezimbangela zamaqabunga aphuzi nokomisa ikhukhamba nezindlela zokuxazulula le nkinga. Siyethemba ukuthi sikusizile. Uma unemibuzo, ubhale emazwaneni, sizokuphendula!