Izithelo izinhlobo ze-viburnum

Njengoba wazi, i-viburnum isihlahla esiphakathi nendawo noma umuthi omncane othela izithelo ezivuthwa ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti noma Septhemba. Zibomvu ngombala nge-pulp enamanzi nembewu enkulu kakhulu ngaphakathi. Lawajikijolo asetshenziswa ekuphekeni, ngezinhloso zokwelapha, kudliwa zombili kusetshenzwe futhi kusha.

Amajikijolo eViburnum vulgaris

E-Russia, i-viburnum yaziwa isikhathi eside, ibalwa phakathi kwamasiko abomdabu baseRussia kanye nomlotha wentaba kanye ne-birch. Umsebenzi wangempela wokuzalela waqala ezweni lethu nge-viburnum kuphela ekupheleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, okungukuthi, muva nje.

Izinhlobo zokuqala ze-viburnum zivele ku-State Record of Breeding Achievements ngo-1995, kuphela iminyaka engama-22 edlule, ziyahambelana nalolu suku, lezi yizihlobo: I-Zholobovskaya, Souzga ne-Ulgen. Izinhlobonhlobo ezintsha zifakiwe kwiRegistry Yombuso ngonyaka we-2016, lo yi-Aurora cultivar. Sekukonke, izinhlobo eziyi-14 zalesi siko esimangalisayo njengamanje zifakiwe Kwirejista Yombuso.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi i-viburnum ayinayo i-gradation eqinile yisifunda, kuyisiko lendawo yonke eligcwele iqoqo lezakhiwo ezivumela ukuthi ikhule ngempumelelo ezinhlobonhlobo ezifundeni ezihluke ngokuphelele ezimweni zezulu. Kungenzeka ukuthi kuhlukaniswe izinhlobo ze-viburnum ezitholakala kwiRegional State ngamaqembu amathathu amakhulu - lezo zinhlobo ezilungele izifunda zasenyakatho, ngoba zinobusika obukhulu kakhulu; izinhlobo ezinikeza isivuno esihle kakhulu enkabeni nesikhathi saso esifudumele futhi nomswakama omningi kunasenyakatho; nezinhlobonhlobo ezikhiqiza amarekhodi ezithela eningizimu kuphela, lapho isomiso esingajwayelekile. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinhlobo eziyisithupha zingahlukaniswa futhi zinconyelwe izifunda ezisenyakatho nezinhlobo ezine zesikhungo saseRussia naseningizimu yezwe.

Bheka futhi izindatshana zethu ezinemininingwane: Izinhlobo zezithelo ze-viburnum ne-viburnum - konke kukhula.

Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-viburnum enyakatho

Ake siqale ngezifunda zasenyakatho, lapha kunezinhlobo ezinjengeZarnitsa, Shukshinskaya, Vigorovskaya, Zakat, Maria kanye neRyabinushka bazozizwa ngcono lapha.

Uhlobo lwe-viburnum I-Zarnitsa, - Uvuthwe ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba, izithelo ziba bomvu, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuzicubungula. Lesi sitshalo sibukeka njengesihlahla kunesihlahla, sakha amagatsha angaba yisihlanu, sinikeze ukukhula okuncane. Izithelo zihlelwe nge-scutellum enjenge-umbrella, azinkulu kakhulu, cishe ngu-0,65 g, ukwakheka kuyi-ellipse, umbala ubomvu okhanyayo. Izithelo ziqukethe ushukela ofinyelela ku-8%, ngaphezu kwe-110 mg% ascorbic acid nama-anthocyanins. Amakhosi ahlola ukunambitheka kwezithelo zalokhu okuhlukahlukene ngamaphuzu angama-3.6-3.8 kokuhlanu okungenzeka. Izinhlobonhlobo zibonakaliswa yi-hardness ebusika ephezulu kakhulu nokukhiqiza okuhle - cishe amakhilogremu amane ezithelo ngesitshalo ngasinye.

Kalina Shukshinskaya, - Lokhu kuhlukahluka kuvuthwa ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba. Ngaphandle, lesi sihlahla (hhayi isihlahla) sinamagatsha afinyelela kwayisithupha futhi sikhula ngokuqinile. Amaqabunga amaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani, aphendukele onsomi ngokusondela ekwindla. Izithelo zihlelwe ngesihlangu esenziwe ngesambulela, zinesimo esiyindilinga kanye nesisindo esingaba ngu-0.55 g. Ukufaka imibala amajikijolo abomvu ngokubomvu, ukunambitheka kuhle, kepha ukufutheka kuyabonakala. Kuzithelo, kuze kufinyelele ku-10% ushukela, ngaphezu kwe-55 mg% ascorbic acid, anthocyanins. Izinhlobonhlobo zimelana nobusika kakhulu, zinokuzimela okuyingxenye futhi zisakazeka kahle ngokusikwa okuluhlaza. Ukukhiqiza cishe amakhilogremu amathathu ngesitshalo ngasinye.

Kalina I-Vigorovskaya, - Le nhlobonhlobo itholwe ngokuwela ama-Taiga rubies kanye no-Ulgeni. Izithelo ezinhlobonhlobo zivuthwa maphakathi no-Septhemba. Izitshalo zezinhlobonhlobo ziyizihlahla ezinamagatsha anamathambo amathathu kuya kwezinhlanu futhi ubude bawo bube ngamamitha amathathu. Izithelo zihlelwe ngezivikelo ezimise okwezambulela. Amahlamvu aluhlaza ngombala obunjiwe. Izithelo zinesimo sebhola, isisindo sazo sisukela ku-0.51 kuya ku-0.53 g. Uginindela wamajikijolo enobusi obuningi, oqukethe ushukela ofinyelela ku-13.9%, okuncane ngaphezu kwe-1.5% yama-asidi ahlukahlukene, okufika ku-45 mg% ascorbic acid. Ukunambitheka kwamajikijolo kumnandi kakhulu, ubumunyu cishe abuzwakali, ukunambitheka kulinganiselwa ngamakhosi kumaphuzu angama-4,3, okuyinkomba ephezulu kakhulu ye-viburnum. Izitshalo ngokwazo azivikeli ebusika kakhulu futhi zikhiqiza (cishe amakhilogremu amahlanu ngesitshalo ngasinye).

I-Guelder-rose grade Zarnitsa.

IGuder-rose grade Shukshinskaya.

I-Guelder-rose grade Vigorovskaya.

Uhlobo lwe-viburnum Ukushona kwelanga, - Izithelo zalokhu okuhlukahlukene zilungele ukuvunwa ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba, zinomunyu kakhulu, ngakho-ke kufanelekile kuphela ukucubungulwa. Izitshalo izihlahla ezinezithombo eziqondile, kunamandla. Amajikijolo avuthiwe, nge-viburnum, makhulu impela, cishe yi-0.72 g, ukubukeka kwawo kuyindilinga, kuvuthwe ngokugcwele athola umbala obomvu obomvu. Ukukhiqiza kuphezulu kakhulu - ngaphezu kwamakhilogremu ayisikhombisa avela esihlahleni. Izinhlobonhlobo zimelana nobusika kakhulu, zimelana nezilokazane nezifo.

Kalina UMaria, - Amajikijolo alezi zinhlobonhlobo angavunwa ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti, izithelo zimnandi impela ukunambitha, kukhona umunyu, kepha akufani, ngakho amajikijolo angadliwa asemasha noma afakwe kwimikhiqizo eyenziwe. Izitshalo ezinhlobonhlobo ziyizihlahla ezinomqhele osabalalisa kancane. Amahlamvu amaqabunga makhulu kakhulu futhi aluhlaza. Izithelo ziphakathi kwesisindo, imvamisa zisuka ku-0.61 ziye ku-0,63 g, ukwakheka kwazo kuyindilinga, lapho sesivuthiwe ngokugcwele, ziba bomvu obomvu. Ukukhiqiza kuphezulu impela - kuze kufike kumakhilogremu ayishumi ngesitshalo esidala ngasinye. Le nhlobonhlobo ibekezelela kakhulu, ayithinteki izifo, kusuka ezinambuzaneni ngezikhathi ezithile ihlaselwa ngama-aphid.

I-Ryabinushka, - lokhu kuhlukahluka kutholwe ngokukhethwa okulula phakathi kwezithombo ze-viburnum eduze nomfula iBogataya. Umphumela waba izinhlobonhlobo zezithelo zawo ezivuthwa ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba, kepha ezingafani ukunambitheka okuhle, okubabayo okumunyu. Isitshalo esinhlobonhlobo siyisihlahla esivuthayo esinamaqabunga amakhulu amaqabunga anemibala eluhlaza okotshani. Izithelo zezinhlobonhlobo zinesimo esisetshenziselwe ukuqina, isikhumba esiminyene kahle, azinaphunga le- "viburnum" elingathandeki kwabaningi, lapho sesivuthiwe sithola umbala obomvu ocebile futhi sinesisindo esihle se-viburnum, efinyelela ku-0.71 g. Ngenxa yokuthi isihlahla sinamandla futhi amajikijolo makhulu impela, angatholakala isivuno esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu ayisishiyagalolunye esitshalweni esisodwa esidala. Izinhlobonhlobo ziluvikela ubusika kakhulu futhi zilungele ukukhula nje ezindaweni ezisenyakatho.

Kalina ehlukahlukene Ilanga.

Kalina grade Maria.

Guelder-rose grade Ryabinushka.

Izinhlobo ze-viburnum zezifunda eziphakathi

Enkabeni yeRussia, izinhlobo ezifana neZholobovskaya, iSouzga, i-Ulgen neTaiga rubies zizozibonisa kangcono ngokuya ngesivuno kanye nokuzithengisa kwamajikijolo.

Uhlobo lwe-viburnum Zholobovskaya, - etholwe ngokukhethwa phakathi kwezithombo ze-viburnum endle. Izithelo sezilungele ukuvunwa maphakathi no-Septhemba. Izitshalo zalokhu okuhlukahlukene ziyizihlahla ezinomqhele ocwebile kakhulu. Lapho itshalwe eminyakeni emibili, izithelo zokuqala zingatholakala ngonyaka wesithathu noma wesine. Amajikijolo aqoqwa ngesihlangu esenziwe ngesambulela, atholakala kancane futhi anomumo oyindilinga nombala obomvu okhanyayo. Isisindo esijwayelekile samajikijolo cishe singama-0.58 g, ngalinye linepulpiti elinomunyu elinomunyu ongabonakali, singasho ukuthi izithelo zimnandi. Isikolo sokunambitha simayelana namaphoyinti angama-4.1, okuyisinkomba esihle kakhulu se-viburnum. Isithelo ngasinye se-viburnum siqukethe ama-solids afinyelela ku-18%, ushukela ongaphezulu kwe-11%, cishe i-1.5% acid, aze afike ku-115 mg% ascorbic acid kanye nemikhompiyutha engaphezu kwe-715 mg% P. Isivuno esikhulu sezinhlobonhlobo singamakhilogremu amahlanu ngesihlahla ngasinye. Maye, izinhlobonhlobo zidinga ama-pollinators futhi zidinga ukuthambisa okwengeziwe.

Kalina ISouzga, - izinhlobonhlobo zitholwe ngokukhethwa phakathi kwezithombo ezikhula zasendle ze-viburnum. Izithelo zivuthwa ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba. Izitshalo zalokhu zinhlobonhlobo zingamabhishi acwebile, okunikeza isivuno sokuqala eminyakeni engama-3-4 ngemuva kokutshala izingane ezineminyaka emibili esizeni. Amajikijolo ahlelwe ngesihlangu esenziwe ngesambulela, anomumo oyindilinga nombala obomvu ocebile lapho uvuthwe ngokuphelele. Isisindo esimaphakathi sezithelo cishe singu-0,66 g, wonke anenyama enomhluzi, onomunyu ongabonakali kalula. Ukunambitheka kulinganiselwa ngamakhosi kumaphuzu angama-3.7-3.9. Isithelo ngasinye siqukethe cishe ushukela ongu-10%, cishe i-1.9% acid, ngaphezu kwe-137 mg% ascorbic acid kanye nezinto ezisebenzayo ezingaphezu kuka-580 mg% P. Isivuno esikhulu sifinyelela ku-6.6 kg ngesihlahla ngasinye. Maye, inhlobonhlobo iyazithela, idinga izinhlobo zokuhlobisa impova kusayithi futhi idinga ukunisela okwengeziwe.

IGuder-rose grade Zholobovskaya.

I-Viburnum grade Souzga.

Uhlobo lwe-viburnum I-Ulgen, - lokhu kuhlukahluka kutholwe ngokukhethwa phakathi kwezithombo ezikhule ngokwemvelo. Izithelo zivuthwa maphakathi no-Septhemba. Izitshalo zalokhu zinhlobonhlobo ziyizihlahla ezinomqhele ohlangene futhi zithela izithelo iminyaka engama-3-4, lapho zitshalelwe izingane ezineminyaka emibili. Amajikijolo ahlelwe ngesihlangu esenziwe ngesambulela, anesimo esiyindilinga-silingana nombala obomvu ocebile. Isisindo esijwayelekile samajikijolo cishe singama-0,69 g, ngalinye linepulpiki enamanzi enelemuva elibuhlungu kancane. Ukunambitheka yi-tasters kulinganiselwa ngamaphuzu angu-4.1. Isithelo ngasinye salolu hlobo siqukethe ushukela ofinyelela ku-12,5%, cishe ama-asidi ayi-1,9%, ngaphezu kwe-129 mg% ascorbic acid, kanye nezihlanganisi ezifika ku-560 mg% P-asebenzayo. Isivuno esikhulu kakhulu esihlahleni singamakhilogremu amane. Maye, izinhlobonhlobo ziyazimela, zidinga impova yezinhlobonhlobo esizeni futhi zidinga ukunisela okwengeziwe.

Kalina Taiga Rubies, - lokhu kuhlukahluka kutholwe ngokukhethwa phakathi kwezithombo kusuka ekuvinjelweni kwamahhala kwe-viburnum ejwayelekile. Izithelo zivuthwa ngasekuqaleni kukaSepthemba. Izitshalo ezinhlobonhlobo ziyizihlahla ezejwayelekile ezifinyelela kumamitha amathathu futhi zinomqhele wobubanzi obufanayo nokuphakama kwesitshalo. Izithelo zihlelwe ngesihlangu esifana nesambulela, zifana ngesimo futhi zifinyelela isisindo esingama-0.51 g. Ibhilidi ngalinye liqukethe ushukela ongafika ku-9.6%, ngaphezu kwe-1.5% acid, cishe ne-130 mg% ascorbic acid kuze kufike ku-668 mg% P-esebenzayo amakhompiyutha. Ukunambitheka ngomunyu, kepha futhi nobumnandi buzwakala, ngakho-ke ama-tasters akala ukunambitheka ngamaphuzu angu-3.4-3.6. Izinhlobonhlobo zizala kahle ngemisiko eluhlaza, ithela cishe amakhilogremu amathathu esihlahleni futhi idinga ukuthambisa okuphoqelekile.

Kalina anhlobonhlobo Taiga rubies.

Guelder-rose grade Ulgen.

Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-viburnum ezifundeni eziseningizimu

Kwaseningizimu, amamaki afuna ngenkani kumswakama, abekezelele isikhathi esincane esomile futhi kulezo zimo ezinamandla okukhiqiza isivuno esikhulu, alungile: Isixha esiBomvu, u-Elixir, isongo le-Garnet ne-Aurora.

Kalina Isixha esibomvu, - izithelo zivuthwa maphakathi no-Septhemba. Izitshalo zalokhu zinhlobonhlobo ziyizihlahla ezinomqhele osabalalisa kancane futhi zinkulu, ngombala oluhlaza okotshani ngombala, amaqabunga amaqabunga. Amajikijolo eningizimu akhula impela - afinyelela ku-0,75 g, ukubukeka kwawo kuyindilinga, umbala ubomvu mnyama. Nambitha ezimeni zaseningizimu ngaphandle kokudinwa. Ukukhiqiza cishe amakhilogremu amahlanu ngesihlahla ngasinye. Izinhlobonhlobo azidingi izinhlobo zokuvota kanye nokunisela okwengeziwe, ziyakwazi ukubekezelela isomiso.

Uhlobo lwe-viburnum I-Elixir, - izithelo zivuthwa maphakathi no-Septhemba. Izitshalo zalokhu zinhlobonhlobo ziyizihlahla ezinomqhele osabalalisa kancane kanye namahlamvu amakhulu aluhlaza. Izithelo zihlelwe ngam panicles abunjwe ngesambulela, wonke amajikijolo anomumo oyindilinga nombala we-burgundy. Ukunambitheka kwezithelo kungabizwa ngokuthi kumnandi, umunyu eningizimu ucishe ungabonakali. Isisindo sezithelo sifinyelela ku-0.81 g, kanti isivuno esikhulu singafika kumakhilogremu amahlanu esihlahleni ngasinye. I-berry ngayinye iqukethe ushukela ongafinyelela ku-10%, ngaphansi kwe-2% acid, kuze kube yi-60 mg% ascorbic acid nangaphezulu kwe-1000 mg% pectin. Izinhlobonhlobo ziyabekezelela ukushisa nesomiso kahle, azidingi ukunisela okwengeziwe kanye nezinhlobo zokuvuvukala.

Iqembu elibomvu le-Guelder-rose grade.

IGuder-rose grade Elixir.

Kalina Isongo se-Garnet, - Izithelo zale nhlobonhlobo zivuthwa ezinsukwini eziyishumi zokuqala zikaSepthemba. Izitshalo ezinhlobonhlobo zingamabhishi ajwayelekile aphakathi nendawo anomqhele osabalalisa kancane. Amahlamvu amaqabunga aphakathi ngosayizi, aluhlaza ngombala. Amajikijolo makhulu impela, adlula isisindo esingu-0,81 g, anomumo wokusaqanda, ophakanyisiwe kancane e-apex kanye nombala obomvu omnyama. Isivuno esikhulu cishe singamakhilogremu amahlanu ngesihlahla ngasinye. I-berry ngayinye iqukethe ushukela ongafika ku-10,5%, cishe ama-2% acid, ngaphezu kwe-32 mg% ascorbic acid. Ukunambitheka kwamajikijolo kumnandi kakhulu, ngakho-ke ama-tasters awukala ngamaphuzu angu-4,4 we-viburnum. Izinhlobonhlobo azesabi ukushisa nesomiso.

I-Aurora, - Izithelo zalokhu okuhlukahlukene zivuthwa maphakathi no-Septhemba. Izitshalo zezinhlobonhlobo ziyizihlahla ezincanyana, ezinomqhele osabalalisa kancane. Amaqabunga amaqabunga mancane, aluhlaza ngombala. Amajikijolo makhulu kakhulu, aze afike ku-0.71 g, anomumo oyindilinga, umbala obomvu ocebile. Isivuno esikhulu cishe singamakhilogremu amahlanu ngesihlahla ngasinye. Izithelo ziqukethe ushukela ofinyelela ku-8%, ngaphezu kwe-2% acid, ngaphezu kwe-42 mg% ascorbic acid. Ukunambitheka kwezithelo eningizimu kuyinto emnandi impela, ama-tasters ayilinganisa ngamaphuzu angu-4.1. Izinhlobonhlobo azesabi isomiso.