Jatropha (Jatropha) kuhlobene ngqo nomndeni i-Euphorbiaceae (Euphorbiaceae). Uhlobo lolo lufanekiselwa izihlahlana, izihlahla, kanye nezitshalo ezingama-herbaceous ezinobisi lwe-Milky. Emvelweni, ungahlangana ezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Afrika naseMelika. Igama lesitshalo esinjalo lisuselwa kumagama esiGrikhi i-Jatrys - "udokotela" ne-tropha - "ukudla". IJatropha isitshalo esingajwayelekile. Unesiqu esakhiwe njengebhodlela. Unqunu kuyo yonke inkathi yasebusika, kepha ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo unezihlalo zesambulela, eziqukethe izimbali ezincane ezibomvu. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, amaqabunga ane-petioles ende aqala ukukhula. IJatropha inzima kakhulu ukuyithola ezitolo zezimbali.
Uma ufisa, ungazama ukuyithola kubatshali bezimbali beqoqa ama-anculents, kanye nasezivandeni ze-botanical. Uhlobo lwe-jatropha lubiza kakhulu, kepha kulula kakhulu ukunakekela isitshalo esinjalo.
Lesi sitshalo singaletha ukusonteka kunoma iyiphi ingaphakathi akukubi kune-bonsai. Ukuqhakaza kwayo kuvamile, futhi izambulela ezikhanyayo emilenzeni ende zibukeka zihlaba umxhwele impela. Imvamisa, ekuqaleni, i-jatropha iqala ukuqhakaza, bese ibeka amaqabunga amabanzi ngamathilethi amade amasentimitha ayi-10 - 20 ubude.
Ukunakekelwa kweJatropha ekhaya
Ukukhanya
Kufanele ibekwe endaweni enelanga elikhanyiswe kahle, kepha kufanele ibe ngumthunzi omuhle ovela elangeni eliqondile. IWindows windows yempumalanga noma entshonalanga ekufanelekela kahle. Isitshalo esisanda kutholwa kudingeka sijwayele kancane kancane ukukhanya okukhanyayo, njengoba ukutsha kungabonakala emaqabungeni. Lokhu kuyasebenza nasezitshalweni ngemuva kwesimo sezulu eside esinamafu.
Imodi yokushisa
Ehlobo, izinga lokushisa lomoya elifanele kufanele libe sezingeni lama-degree angama-18- 22, kanti ebusika - ama-degrees ayi-16-16. Ebusika, i-jatropha ilungele ukushisa okujwayelekile kwekamelo, futhi lokhu kusiza kakhulu ukugcinwa.
Umswakama
Ikhula ngokujwayelekile futhi ikhula nomswakama womoya ophansi ezindlini zasemadolobheni, asikho isidingo sokufafaza. Ngenhloso yokuhlanzeka, kuyadingeka ukusula ngokuhlelekile amapuleti amaqabunga ngesiponji esimanzi.
Ungaphuzisa kanjani
Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, nisela isitshalo kufanele kube ngokulingana. Ngasikhathi sinye, amanzi kufanele anakekelwe kahle futhi athambile. Ukunisela kwenziwa ngemuva kokuba inhlabathi engaphezulu yomile. Qiniseka ukuthi akukho ukuqina kwamanzi enhlabathini, ngoba ukubola ku-jatropha kungavela ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngokuqala kobusika, ukuthambisa kufanele kuncishiswe. Esimweni lapho ekwindla noma ebusika wonke amaqabunga ewa, ukuthambisa kumiswa ngokuphelele. Ukunisela ngokuvamile kudingeka ukuqala ekuqaleni kwenkathi yentwasahlobo ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlumela amancane.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Kuyadingeka ukondla ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo-ihlobo isikhathi esingu-1 emavikini ama-4. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa umanyolo we-cacti. Ebusika, ukondla kuyamiswa.
Ingxube yomhlaba
Ingxube efanelekile yenhlabathi iqukethe i-turf neqabunga lomhlaba, kanye nesihlabathi kanye ne-peat, okufanele kuthathwe ngokulingana kwe-1: 2: 1: 1.
Izici Zokufakelwa
Ukudluliswa kwenziwa entwasahlobo isikhathi 1 eminyakeni 2 noma 3. Ukuze ufike udinga amathangi aphansi. Phansi udinga ukwenza ungqimba oluhle lwamanzi.
Izindlela zokuzala
Ungasakaza ngokusika noma imbewu. Kuhle ukukhumbula ukuthi imbewu ilahlekelwa ukumila kwayo ngokushesha okukhulu, ngakho-ke ukutholwa kwayo kungaba nzima.
Imbewu esethiwe isitshalo esinjalo siyenzeka futhi uma sikhule ekhaya. Kodwa-ke, izimbali zizodinga impova yokufakelwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, dlulisa ngobumnene impova kusuka kuzimbali zabesilisa kuya kuzimbali zezinsikazi ngebhulashi elithambile. Isici esiyingqayizivele sentyatyambo sowesilisa ama-stamens, ebusweni lapho kukhona impova eminingi ephuzi. Kuyafaneleka ukubheka ukuthi izimbali zesifazane ziyaqhakaza kuqala, ngakhoke impova kumele yenziwe ekuqaleni kwezimbali. Pheze impova ephumelelayo, izithelo ezi-oval ezinombala oluhlaza okotshani, ezinobude besentimitha elilodwa nohhafu, futhi ngaphakathi kuzo kukhona imbewu engu-2 noma emi-3. Lapho uvuthwa, izithelo ziba mnyama bese ziqhuma, zisakazeka imbewu ngezindlela ezihlukile ibanga lamasentimitha ayi-100. Kulokhu, izithelo kufanele zibekwe esikhwameni se-gauze ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Ukutshala, ingxube isetshenziswa equkethe ishidi ne-turf land, i-peat, kanye nesihlabathi, okufanele sithathwe ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo. Ukuhlwanyelwa kuyinto engasho lutho. Kuyadingeka ukuthi izinga lokushisa le-substrate ligcinwe kuma-25 degrees. Mboza isitsha ngengilazi bese usibeka endaweni efudumele. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-7-14, kuzovela amahlumela okuqala. Izithombo zitshalwe ezitsheni ezihlukile. Zikhula ngokushesha okukhulu. Futhi ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa kuphela, awahlukile kakhulu ezinhlobonhlobo zabantu abadala. Ekuqaleni, amaqabunga anomumo oyindilinga, abese eba yi-wavy. Iminyaka emi-2 emva kokuhlwanyelwa, amapuleti amaqabunga ayagcwala. Ukwehla kwesiqu somthi kwenzeka kancane kancane. Isikhathi sokuqala lesi sitshalo siqhakaza ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila.
Ungasakaza u-lignified ukusika. Izimbumbulu zishiywe emoyeni ovulekile ukuze zome, bese ziphathwa ngethuluzi elikhuthaza ukukhula kwezimpande (isibonelo, i-heteroauxin). Izilimo zitshalwa engxube yomhlaba enomhlaba we-humus ne-sod, kanye nesihlabathi, ezithathwe ngamasheya alinganayo. Izinga lokushisa elidingekayo lisuka kuma-28 liye kwangama-32 degrees. I-Rooting yenzeka ngemuva kwamasonto amane. Ukutshala kwama-cutways angenazimpande kwenziwa emabhodweni onesilinganiso samasentimitha ayi-7.
Izifo nezinambuzane
- Rot on the uhlelo izimpande, ukufa imbali Ukuchelela ngokweqile. Kufanele kube okuncane.
- Amahlamvu aphenduka aphuzi futhi afe - Ukulungiswa kwesicabucabu kuxazululiwe. Isitshalo sidinga ukuthanjiswa okungenani amahlandla ama-2 noma ama-3 ngosuku kusuka kufafaza ngamanzi afudumele. Uma i-lesion inzima, khona-ke kuyadingeka ukwelapha i-jatropha ngesibulala-zinambuzane sesenzo esihambisanayo.
- Izimbali azonakalisiwe futhi ziyafa - Izixazululo zixazululiwe. Hlela isithombo esishisayo sesitshalo bese usiphatha ngesibulala magciwane esifanele.
- Ukukhula kancane - Isamba esikhulu somanyolo emhlabathini. Ukondla kufanele kuqaphele impela. Ngaphambi kokufaka umanyolo, kuyadingeka ukuthambisa kahle i-substrate kahle.
- Ukuwohloka kohlelo lwempande, amapheshana angaphenduki umbala aphele - kusetshenziswa amanzi abandayo kakhulu ekuniseleni. Amanzi anconyelwa ukushiswa kancane.
Ukubuyekezwa kwevidiyo
Izinhlobo eziphambili
I-Jatropha elahliwe (iJatropha multifida)
Lesi isihlahla esihlangene singaba nokuphakama kwamasentimitha angama-200. Amapheshana abukekayo ahlukaniswe izingxenye ezingama-7-11, kuyilapho ubukhulu bufika ngamasentimitha angama-30. Ipuleti elincane elimnyama eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka linombala omncane obhulayo kanye nengxenye eluhlaza ephakathi nendawo. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, bayafa, bese kuthi ingxenye engezansi yesibambi ingabonakali. Izinhlobo zethu ezincane zifana nesihlahla sesundu esincane esihle kakhulu.
Izimbali zinombala obomvu wekorali. Aqoqiwe kuma-inflorescences ngesimo sesambulela, esikhuphuka ngaphezulu kwamahlamvu ezintanjeni ezinde, sikhula endaweni yokukhula. Ezimweni zemvelo, ukuqhakaza kuhlala cishe unyaka wonke, futhi ikakhulukazi kuningi ezinyangeni ezishisa kakhulu. Ekupheleni kokuqhakaza, kuvela izithelo eziphuzi eziphuzi, ubude bazo okungamasentimitha ayi-2,5. Kwinyama yabo emhlophe enamafutha kunezimbewu ezi-3. Imbewu engamasentimitha amade ansundu ayindilinga.
Kuhle ukukhumbula ukuthi kunoma iyiphi ingxenye ye-jatropha kunezinto ezinobuthi kakhulu. Uma ulimaza ingaphezulu lesitshalo, khona-ke ijusi le-translucent lizoqala ukuvuza, libangele ukucasuka lapho lishaya ebusweni besikhumba.
IGout Jatropha (Jatropha podagrica)
Lesi shrub esiqabulayo siyabukeka. Unesibumbu esenziwe ngeshubhuid. Isitshalo esinjalo sinesiqu esingajwayelekile. Liminyene ezansi, futhi liyabhaca. Le ndlela yokukhula itholakala ezitshalweni zamahlane ogwadule, ngenxa yokuthi ukwakheka kohlelo lwezimpande kunzima futhi nokuqongelela uketshezi ngakho-ke kwenzeka engxenyeni engezansi yesigaxa. Okunye futhi okuhlukanisayo kwalolu hlobo ngama-petioles, anamathele hhayi emaphethelweni eqabunga, kodwa asondele maphakathi. I-Jatropha ekuphakameni ifinyelela kumasentimitha angama-50 kuye kwangama-70. Amapuleti eshidi elinombala oyindilinga anobubanzi obungamasentimitha ayi-15-18. Umbala wamaqabunga uncike ngqo eminyakeni yawo. Amacembe amancane acwebezelayo anemibala eluhlaza okotshani, avele akhanye lapho ekhula. Futhi ngemuva kokufika ebusheni obukhulu kunabo bonke, baba mnyama futhi luhlaza okotshani. U-Petiole kanye nohlangothi olungafanele lweplate yamaqabunga linokuhlanganiswa okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ibhulashi lembali likhula lisuka endaweni yokukhula, enesimo sesambulela esiyinkimbinkimbi. Ekuqaleni, kwakheka ama-buds amancane, okukhona kuwo izingcezu ezimbalwa kuphela (ezinkulu kakhulu). Ukuthuthuka kwabo kuhamba kancane, futhi ngemuva kokufika ezingeni lamahlamvu, ukukhula kwabo kusheshiswa kakhulu. Ama-buds aqhakaza, bese kuvulwa izimbali ezincane zesentimitha ububanzi, zinombala obomvu-coral. Izimbali azinamakha. Kwi-inflorescence efanayo zombili izimbali zabesifazane nabesilisa. Izimbali zabesilisa zihlala amahora angama-24 kuphela, kepha ngemuva kokushona kwezinye, zithathelwa ezinye ezintsha. Kulokhu, isambulela esisodwa singakwazi ukuqhakaza amasonto ambalwa. Emvelweni, lolu hlobo lokuqhakaza luhlala kuyo yonke inkathi efudumele.
