I-Crocosmia (I-Crocosmia), noma montbrecia (igama eliphelile), noma i-tritonium isitshalo esinamandla kakhulu somndeni we-iris. I-Crocosmia inamagama esi-2 esiGreek: "kroros" - "crocus" ne "osme" - "iphunga". Iqiniso ngukuthi, izimbali ezomisiwe ze-crocosmia zinephunga elifana nephunga lesafroni (i-crocus). Futhi lesi sitshalo saqanjwa ngokuthi iMontbrecia ukuhlonipha umfo waseFrance u-Antoine Francois Ernest Cauber de Montbre, owayengudokotela wezitshalo. I-Tritonia ihunyushwa kusuka olimini lwesiGreek ngokuthi "sezulu vane", lesi sitshalo siqanjwe kanjalo ngenxa ye-inflorescence yayo, enesimo sokusabalala. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, imbali enjalo ingatholakala eningizimu ye-Afrika. Emazweni aseYurophu, lesi sitshalo besilinywe kusukela ngekhulu le-19.
Izici ze-Crocosmia
Namuhla, i-crocosmia yamasiko yindlela efana ne-cormid enotshani ehlanganisiwe, ebizwa ngokuthi yi-crocosmia ejwayelekile. Le hybrid yasungulwa nguLemoine ngekhulu le-19, inqamula ingwenya yegolide ne-Potts crocosm. Ingaphezulu lezikhonkwane ezincane zimbozwe nge-retina. Ukuphakama kwalesi sitshalo kungahluka kusuka ku-0.4 kuya kumitha eli-1. Ine-stem ye-branching lapho kutholakala khona amacembe amaqabunga efomu le-xiphoid noma elayini. Kukhona ne-peduncle enamandla kakhulu, enikeza isitshalo ukuthi sifane ne-gladiolus. Kulokhu, i-cosmos ibizwa nangokuthi "i-gladiolus yaseJapan", ngenkathi kufanele ikhule ngendlela efanayo ne-gladiolus uqobo. Izimbali ezimise okwezinkanyezi zipendwe ngombala omhlophe, owolintshi nphuzi, futhi ubukhulu zingafika kumasentimitha ayi-5. Ama-dense panicle inflorescence aqukethe izimbali ezingama-3-5. Izithelo ziyibhokisi eliyindilinga le-polyspermous.
Lesi sitshalo sihlobene kakhulu nezilimo zezimbali ezithandwayo njenge: iris, gladiolus, isafroni (i-crocus), i-ferraria ne-freesia. ICrocosmia isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukuhlobisa imibhede yezimbali evulekile, ikhula ndawonye nezitshalo ezinjeng: canna, salvia, daylily, rudbeckia kanye ne-echinacea. Le mbali nayo ilungele ukusikwa, ngakho-ke ama-inflorescence ayo angama emanzini aze afike endaweni eyi-crescent.
Ngezansi kuzochazwa ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi ungatshala futhi ukhule kanjani i-crocosmia. Futhi ulwazi oluningi oluwusizo futhi oluthakazelisa kakhulu ngalesi sitshalo luzonikezwa.
Ukukhula kwe-crocosmia kusuka ezinhlanyelweni
Ukuhlwanyela
Ukusabalalisa i-crocosmia, ungasebenzisa imbewu noma ama-corms. Uma uthatha isinqumo sokuqala ukukhula kusuka ezinhlanyelweni, khona-ke ukukhetha ukuyeka indlela yokutshala. Iqiniso ngukuthi lapho uhlwanyela imbewu enhlabathini evulekile, awukwazi ukulinda izithombo. Ukuhlwanyelwa kufanele kwenziwe ngezinsuku zokugcina zikaFebhuwari noma ezokuqala - ngoMashi. Masinyane ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, imbewu kufanele igcwaliswe ngamanzi amahora angama-24, kuyilapho kufanele ithathelwe indawo njalo emva kwamahora ayi-6, Ngemuva kwalokho, imbewu ihlwanyelwa engxube yenhlabathi, efaka i-peat, isihlabathi, umhlabathi we-turf kanye ne-humus. Ngemuva kwalokho isitsha kufanele simbozwe ngefilimu futhi sihlelwe kabusha endaweni efanele.
Izithombo
Izithombo zeCrocosmia zidinga ukunakekelwa cishe ngendlela efanayo nezinye izitshalo zezimbali. Ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo zokuqala, indawo yokukhosela kufanele isuswe. Ukuchelela kufanele kwenziwe njengengqimba ephezulu yemigwaqo engaphansi komhlaba, futhi uzodinga futhi ukukhulula ngokucophelela ukuhleleka komhlaba wawo ekujuleni okungajulile. Zama ukukhetha umbuso wokunisela ukuze i-substrate ihlale inomswakama omncane, kepha amanzi awaxegi enhlabathini, ngoba lokhu kungaba nomthelela ekwakhiweni kwesifo sokukhunta.
Khetha
Lapho izitshalo zibonisa iqabunga langempela noma lesithathu, zizodingeka ukuthi zingene ezimbizeni ezihlukile. Kuzo, zizokhula kuze kufakelwa engadini. Ubusuku obubili ngaphambi kokuba izitshalo zitshalwe enhlabathini evulekile, kuzodingeka ziqale ukuzenza lukhuni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele adluliselwe komoya omfishane, kuyilapho usuku ngalunye inqubo kufanele ibe yinde.
Ukutshala i-Crocosmia emhlabathini ovulekile
Isikhathi sokufika emhlabeni
Ukudlulisela izithombo enhlabathini evulekile kufanele kwenziwe ezinsukwini zokugcina zika-Ephreli noma ezokuqala - ngoMeyi, ngenkathi umhlaba kufanele ufudumale ufike kuma-6-10 degrees. Ukuze ubone ukuqhakaza kwe-crocosmia, kufanele itshalwe endaweni evulekile, enokhanya kahle, ngaphandle kwalokho izimbali zingavele zingabonakali nakancane. Inhlabathi kumele ifinyeleleke emanzini, kanti amanzi angaphansi komhlaba endaweni lapho okutshalwe khona lesi sitshalo akufanele alale ngokweqile ebusweni bomhlaba. Iqiniso ngukuthi lezi zimbali zisabela ngendlela engemihle ekuklameni okungamanzi ohlelweni lwezimpande. Indawo okufika kuyo idinga ukulungiswa ekwindla. Ukuze wenze lokhu, bumba inhlabathi, ngenkathi yonke imitha eyi-12 engeza amabhakede ama-humus, amagremu ama-40 we-superphosphate, amagremu ayi-100 kalamula afakwe emanzini kanye namagremu angama-20 e-potassium chloride. Entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokutshala i-crocosmia enhlabathini, umanyolo oqukethe i-nitrogen kumele wethulwe ngokufakwa okuphoqelekile (amagremu angama-30 ento nge-1 imitha skwele).
Ungatshala kanjani
Izithombo kufanele zitshalwe kwizimbobo ezilungiselelwe kwangaphambili, kuyilapho kufanele kubhekwe ukuthi ibanga eliphakathi kwezihlahla kufanele lisuke ku-10 kuya ku-12 amasentimitha, kanti ukuhlukaniswa komugqa kufanele kube ngamasentimitha angama-25 kuye kwangama-30. Lapho izithombo sezitshalwe, kufanele ziniselwe. Izinsuku ezimbili noma ezintathu zokuqala uzodinga indawo yokukhosela emisebeni yelanga eshisayo. Isitshalo esinjalo, esitholakala embewini, sizoqala ukuqhakaza kuphela iminyaka emi-3 ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo. Kodwa-ke, uma enikezwe izimo ezifanele, ungancoma izimbali zakhe ezinhle ngeminyaka engu-2 kuphela.
Ukunakekelwa kwamakhakhasi engadini
Udinga ukunakekela i-crocosmia cishe ngendlela efanayo ne-gladioli. Ukunisela kufanele kube kuningi futhi kwenziwe kanye njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-7. Lapho amanzi egcotshwa enhlabathini, kunconyelwa ukuwakhulula ukuze kwephule ukuqina okuvelile.
Ukukhula okujwayelekile nentuthuko, imbali enjalo kufanele yondliwe ngokuhlelekile. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi utshale i-crocosmia enhlabathini egcwele izakhi, ungakwenza ngaphandle kokufaka umanyolo. Kepha uma kwenzeka ukuthi inhlabathi ingekho kahle, khona-ke kuyadingeka ukondla izitshalo ngemuva kokuqalwa kweqabunga leqiniso lesibili, futhi le nqubo yenziwa kaningi isikhathi 1 kumaviki ayi-1.5. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kunconyelwa ukusebenzisa ukumiliselwa kwe-mullein (ingxenye eyi-1 mullein ithathwa izingxenye eziyishumi zamanzi), kanye nomanyolo ogcwele wamaminerali (2 amagremu womkhiqizo ngelitha ngalinye lamanzi). Ngesikhathi sokukhula kwesihlahla, isitshalo esinjalo sidinga umanyolo oqukethe inani elikhulu le-potassium.
Akunzima nhlobo ukunakekela i-crocosmia. Ngokuqondene nezifo nezinambuzane, uma ulandela yonke imithetho yobuchwepheshe bezolimo, ngeke ube nezinkinga ngalesi sitshalo.
Ungasakaza kanjani
Sekushiwo ngenhla ukuthi imbali enjalo ingasatshalaliswa ngembewu, futhi isebenzise indlela ye-vegetative kulokhu. Mayelana nokukhula kwe-crocosmia kusuka imbewu, ungafunda ngaphezulu. Ekusakazweni kokutshala okwenziwe ngabalimi, kusetshenziswa ukwahlukaniswa kwama-corms. Unyaka ngamunye, cishe amakhondomu amadala akhula abe yizingane ezi-5, eziqala ukuqhakaza ngonyaka olandelayo. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-corm yomzali isaqhubeka nokukhulisa izingane. Kulokhu, lapho kukhula imbali enjalo, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngokuhlelekile kuzodingeka ukufeza ukuhlukaniswa nokutshala kwama-corms.
Isigaba, njengomthetho, senziwa ngemuva kokufika kuba mnene kakhulu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, entwasahlobo, udinga ukugaya ama-corms futhi ususe ngokucophelela izingane kusuka ku-bulb yomzali, ezitshalwa endaweni ehlala njalo. Ngasikhathi sinye, kunconywa ukutshala izingane ngasikhathi sinye sokutshala izithombo, okungukuthi, ngezinsuku zokugcina zika-Ephreli noma ezokuqala - ngoMeyi. Uma ufuna, khona-ke ukuqala izingane ezihlukanisiwe, ungazitshala ezembizeni ngazinye, lapho zizokhula khona kuze kube ngoMeyi noma ngoJuni. Futhi-ke bazodinga ukufakelwa enhlabathini evulekile.
Izinambuzane nezifo
I-Crocosmia imelana kakhulu nezifo nezinambuzane eziyingozi. Kepha uma uyinakekela ngokungalungile noma uvumela ukumiswa kokuphuma koketshezi ohlelweni lwezimpande, khona-ke izifo ezinjengokuthi:
I-Fusarium
Esihlahleni samaqabunga esihlahla esinamagciwane siqala ukuphenduka, kancane kancane ayoma bese uwa. Kukhona nokuhlanekezela kwama-peduncle kanye nokushintshwa kwezimbali, ngenkathi kukhona ushintsho ngombala wazo.
Ukubola okumpunga
Phezu kwama-corms kuvela ukugoqa okucacileyo kombala onsomi.
I-Herbalism (i-jaundice)
Okokuqala, kuphuzi izeluleko zamapuleti amaqabunga kwenzeka, bese kuvela umthunzi otshanini ephepheni. Ngenxa yalokho, isihlahla siyafa. Isifo esinjalo sinegciwane, futhi siyabekezelelwa yizitshalo ze-circadian.
Uma isihlahla singenwe yiFusarium, khona-ke kufanele siphathwe nge-ejenti fungicidal. Kunconywa ukuthi ungalwi nge-grey bola, kepha ukuvikela ukubukeka kwayo. Uma isihlahla sihlaselwe yi-jaundice, khona-ke ngeke kube nzima ukuselapha, ngoba asikatholakali ikhambi elisebenzayo lezifo ezinjalo. Ngenhloso yokuvimbela, ukuvikela ukutheleleka kwe-crocosmia, kunconyelwa ukuyifaka kuphela ngokuya ngemithetho yobuchwepheshe bezolimo. Kuyadingeka futhi ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela noma ukutshala ukwenza ukucubungula okuphoqelekile kokutshala nezinhlamvu zembewu ngesixazululo se-potassium permanganate (1%). Kuyadingeka futhi ukuguqula ngokuhlelekile indawo yokutshala isitshalo esinjalo.
I-Crocosmia ingahlushwa kakhulu yizinambuzane eziyingozi ezinjengama-thrips, amabhere kanye nezindawo zesicabucabu.
Amabhere
Lezi zinambuzane zidla ama-corms, futhi zibeka inzalo enhlabathini ngokujula kwamasentimitha ayishumi. Ukuze ubabhubhise, kunconywa ukwenza izicupho ezikhethekile. Ekuqaleni kwenkathi yasekwindla, udinga ukumba umgodi onguhhafu wemitha ujule bese ubeka umquba wehhashi elisha kuwo. Ukuze ungakhohlwa ukuthi le ndawo ikuphi, beka isigxobo. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, ubulongwe obutholakala emhlabathini kufanele buhlanyele ebusika emanyelweni. Kumele nje ugaye umgodi ubabhubhise.
Ama-Thrips
Zincanca izijusi zezitshalo ezivela ku-crocosmia. Esibonelweni esithintekile, amabala aqothulwe, imivimbo noma imivimbo emafulethini amaqabunga. Amahlumela ayagoba, amaqabunga ayawa, bese izimbali ziba kancane. Ukuqeda lezi zinambuzane, isihlahla kufanele siphathwe ngezindlela ezinjenge: Fitoverm, Karbofos, Agravertin, Actellik noma Confidor, ngenkathi kulandela izincomo ezinikezwe emiyalweni.
Izikhala zesicabucabu
Bahlala ezitshalweni kuphela ngesikhathi eside sesomiso. Lezi zinambuzane futhi zincela izithombo zayo zezimbali ezimbalini. Kufanele futhi kukhunjulwe ukuthi lezi zinambuzane zithwala izifo zegciwane ezingalapheki. Ukubhubhisa izinambuzane ezinjengalezi, kufanele usebenzise izidakamizwa ezifanayo ezinconyelwe ukulwa nama-thrips.
I-Crocosmia ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali
Ukuqoqwa kwembewu
Esimweni lapho usuvele unayo i-crocosmia, khona-ke ukuqoqa imbewu yayo akunangqondo, ngoba kulula kakhulu futhi kusebenza kahle ukusakaza isitshalo esinjalo ngokuhlukanisa ama-corms. Futhi ukuze ukhule imbali enjalo ngezithombo, kunconywa ukusebenzisa imbewu ethengiwe esitolo.
Ungazilungiselela kanjani ubusika
Uma ukhula i-crocosmia esifundeni esinebusika busika, kuyanconywa ukukhipha u-anyanisi ekwindla kusuka emhlabathini. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi akudingeki ukuthi kudwetshwe ngaphambi kwengxenye yesibili ka-Okthoba, ngaphandle kwalokho izingane ngeke zibe nesikhathi sokudala ngendlela ejwayelekile. Ama-corms kufanele omiswe ngokuphelele, ngenkathi uwafaka egumbini elipholile (cishe ama-degree angu-10) elinomoya omuhle. Kufanele zigcinwe ngendlela efanayo nama-gladiolus bulbs.
Uma kwenzeka ukuthi i-crocosmia ikhule esifundeni esinobusika obuthambile, kuzokwazi ukuthi kungabhuliwe ebusika. Kodwa-ke, ekwindla, isiza sizodinga ukufafazwa ngesendlalelo sem mulch, kuyilapho ama-chip izinkuni, amagatsha e-spruce noma amaqabunga omisiwe abekwa phezu kwaso.
Uma ukutshala kwenzeka esifundeni eseningizimu, khona-ke indawo ingambozwa kuphela ekwindla ngamaqabunga omisiwe, kanti ukushuba kongqimba kufanele kube ngamasentimitha angama-20. Ifilimu libekwa ngaphezulu kwamaqabunga. Lapho amafriji eshiywe ngemuva, indawo yokukhosela izodinga ukususwa, kuyilapho amapuleti amadala asemakhasi asikwa aze abekwe phansi komhlaba.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-crocosmia enesithombe
Kunezinhlobo zemvelo ezingaba ngu-55 ze-crocosmia. Ngezansi kuzobe kunencazelo yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ezitshalwa abalimi.
I-Golden crocosmia (i-Crocosmia aurea)
Lolu hlobo luvela eRiphabhulikhi yaseNingizimu Afrika. Amapuleti amaqabunga anokwakheka kwe-xiphoid noma okuqondile, kanti izimbali zinombala ocebile we-orange-ophuzi. Ukuqhakaza kulezi zinhlobo kubonwa ekuqaleni kwesikhathi sekwindla. Itshaliwe kusukela ngonyaka we-1846. Kunezindlela eziningana ezinezimbali ezibomvu, orenji nphuzi.
I-Crocosmia Massorum (Crocosmia masoniorum)
Isihlahla esihlangene esiphakeme singafinyelela kumamitha angama-0.6 kuya kwangama-0.8. Amapuleti amaqabunga ombumbulu wesimo se-xiphoid ngobubanzi angafinyelela amasentimitha ayi-5. Izimbali ezincane zinombala ocebile we-orange, futhi ziyingxenye yomjaho ophambukile oqondile. Ukuqhakaza kwezimbali kuyabonakala maphakathi nenkathi yehlobo. Le nhlobo iyamelana neqhwa kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa nezinye.
I-Crocosmia paniculata (i-Crocosmia paniculata)
Izinhlobo lezi zinde, ngakho-ke isihlahla esiphakeme singafinyelela amamitha owodwa nesigamu. Izingcwecwe zeshidi ezonakele. Lolu hlobo lokuqhakaza kwezimbali zokuqala, okuqhakaza izimbali engxenyeni yesibili kaJuni. Izimbali ezincane zombala we-orange ogcwele ziqoqiwe kuma-inflorescence amise okokukhanya.
I-Crocosmia Potts (Crocosmia pottsii)
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, ungahlangana e-Afrika, kuyilapho ukhetha le nhlobo ukuthi ikhule ezindaweni ezinomswakama. Mayelana nalokhu, kunconywa ukuthi uyitshale endaweni enomthunzi lapho inhlabathi ingeke yome khona ngokushesha okukhulu. Amacembe ale zinhlobo mancane futhi abushelelezi, izimbali zincanyana ngosayizi.
I-Crocosmia vulgaris (i-Crocosmia crocosmiiflora), noma i-montbrecia engadini
Lesi sitshalo singesokuqala nzalo yengadi. Yadalwa uLemoine ngonyaka we-1880, kanti ngesiphambano wasebenzisa i-cosmos yegolide kanye nezingwenya ezimbizeni. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kungafinyelela amasentimitha ayi-100. Kukhona amahlumela amancane anamagatsha anamanzi, amafulethi amancane acwebile wamaqabunga omumo obanzi noma owomugqa we-xiphoid nombala oluhlaza okotshani. Izimbali ezincane ezinombala obomvu noma o-ophuzi zinesimo se-funnel, futhi ziyingxenye ye-inflorescence ethukile. Izimbali zenziwa ngoJulayi noma Agasti.
Ukuzalela ama-Crocosmic kuyaqhubeka. Ngakho-ke, sekudalwe izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-400. Abadume kakhulu kubo yilaba:
- Emily Mackenzie. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla esiyindilinga kufinyelela kumamitha angama-0.6. Emicibishweni eqondile kukhona inani elikhulu lezimbali ezinsundu-orenji, lapho kukhona ucezu lombala ogqamile phakathi.
- I-Crocosmia Lucifer. Ekuphakameni, isihlahla singafinyelela amasentimitha ayi-150. Emigudwini yayo eqondile izimbali ezinombala obomvu ocebile. Le nhlobonhlobo inokumelana nesithwathwa esiphakeme futhi uma ubusika bungangeni eqandeni esifundeni lapho sikhule khona, izigaxa zesitshalo esinjalo zingashiywa enhlabathini ukuze zidlule ebusika.
- UGeorge Davidson. Isihlahla sifinyelela ubude obungamamitha ayi-0.7. Izimbali zayo ezi-amber-aphuzi zibukeka zihlaba umxhwele kakhulu ngokumelene nesizinda samaqabunga aluhlaza. Lesi sitshalo sihle ukusikwa. Izimbali zibonwa ngoJulayi nango-Agasti.
- Inkosi ebomvu. Uchungechunge lwezimbali ezibomvu ezigcwele imibala zinombala wewolintshi.
- Spitfire. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-6.6. Izimbali zibonwa kusukela ngo-Agasti kuya ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaSepthemba. Izimbali zipendiwe ngawolintshi ovuthayo.
- Inkosikazi kaTangerine. Ekuphakameni, isihlahla singafinyelela kumamitha ayi-1,2. Umbala wezimbali uwolintshi ojulile.
Izinhlobo ezinjengokuthi: I-Babelon, i-Golden Fleece, i-Star of the East, i-Norwich Canary, i-Mistral, i-Vesuvius, i-Bouquet of Parfait, i-Lady Oxford, i-Reingold, i-Heath Magesty, i-Lady Wilson, i-Aurora, i-France Gals, i-Jays Coy, i-Lady Hamilton. nabanye
