I-calathea imbali Ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-calathea ngezithombe namagama

ICalathea - ummeleli womndeni wakwaMarantov, uthatha indawo eholayo phakathi kwezitshalo ezahlukahlukene. AmaMarantoids ajwayelekile emahlathini emvula aseNingizimu Melika naseMelika Ephakathi.

Izinhlobo zeCalathea zinendawo ebanzi, etholakala endaweni eshisayo kuwo wonke amazwekazi (ngaphandle kwase-Australia). Izinhlobo ze-Endemic zikhula e-Afrika. Ezinye izinhlobo zitholakala eBurma, eNdiya, eziqhingini zase-Oceania naseMalay Archipelago.

Izici zemvelo zomndeni kaMoraine

Isithombe sokunakekelwa kwasekhaya seCalathea

Abamele umndeni we-arrowroot, ikakhulukazi, bayizitshalo ezingama-lianoid nezitshalo ze-herbaceous zokuhlobisa. Uhlelo lwazo lwezimpande luyisitho esikhulu sokugcina esiqongelela umswakama kanye nezakhamzimba. Badinga umswakama ophakeme njalo, uma kungenjalo bazokhipha ngokushesha imithombo yabo bese befa.

Amacembe makhulu, ahlukahlukene. Zinesici esikhethekile: eduze kwepuleti leqabunga ekugcineni kwe-petiole kukhona ukuqina okuphakamisayo bese kuphendulela iqabunga emthonjeni wokukhanya. Ngenxa yalesi senzo, babiza futhi "imbali yomkhuleko". Ekuseni, amaqabunga ahlelwe ngokuqondile, futhi kusihlwa ayagoqwa futhi akhuliswe, njengezintende emthandazweni.

Kwezinye izinhlobo, yonke ingxenye yasemhlabeni iyafa ngemuva kokuqhakaza, kodwa lesi akusona isikhathi sokufa noma ukufa kwesitshalo. Ngokunisela isikhathi eside, ngemuva kwesikhashana kuvela amahlumela amancane bese lesi sitshalo siphinda siphile. Kunama-30 genera omndeni wakwaMarantov, kepha yi-4 kuphela etshaliwe, kubandakanya i-calathea.

Incazelo yeCalathea

ICalathea iyisetshenziswa okungapheli ngohlelo lwezimpande ngesimo sezilimo eziyizigaxa noma ama-rhizomes. Ezimweni zasendlini, ukukhula kufinyelela ngaphezu kwemitha eyi-1. Ama-Castings anezici ezihlukile: ukusuka ku-lanceolate kuya kumjikelezo ovalwe nge-edges ebushelelezi noma ye-wavy. Amapuleti amaqabunga ayi-10-20 cm ubude anamathiselwe kuma-petioles amade. Ehlangothini olungaphansi, umbala wamaqabunga onsomi-onsomi, kwesinye isikhathi luhlaza okotshani. Ingaphezulu linamabala, imigqa emhlophe ihlukanisa ishidi libe izingxenye. I-avareji yamaqabunga amaqabunga iminyene, inzima, ezikhathini zasendulo yayisetshenziselwa ukubeka obhasikidi (i-calathea elihunyushwe lisuselwa kwelesiGreek elisho "ibhasikidi").

Unyaka nonyaka, lesi sitshalo sakha amaqabunga amancane ama-5. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokuqhakaza kwe-calathea kusuka entwasahlobo kuya ehlobo. Izimbali ezincane ezisuka kumhlophe kuya komnyama onsomi ziqoqiwe ku-inflorescence enomumo ofana nesihlakala. Izimbali zihlala cishe amasonto amathathu. Kukhona nezinye izinhlobo ezinezimbali ezinhle ikakhulukazi (iKalateya Varshevich, isafroni yaseCalathea, njll.)

Ungayinakekela kanjani i-calathea ekhaya

Kalatea Varshevich isithombe sembali yasekhaya

Isibani nokushisa komoya

Isitshalo sidinga izinga lokushisa lomoya eliphansi. Ehlobo, uhla oluphelele luyi-16-24º C. Ebusika, ngaphandle kokunisela, gcina i-12-16º C.

ICalathea isengozini yokushintsha okungazelelwe kwezinga lokushisa kanye nelanga ngqo. Ngakho-ke, khetha indawo imbali ngaphandle kokusalungiswa nokukhanya ngokweqile. Ukusuka kokukhanya okwedlulele, umbala we-motley wamaqabunga ulahlekile. Futhi, isitshalo sizophendukisa amapuleti wamaqabunga kude nomthombo wokukhanya, ongabukeki njengomhlobiso kakhulu. Indawo enhle kakhulu ingaba yikhonsi elicwengekile legumbi.

Inhlabathi

Inhlabathi idinga ukukhanya, ukuphefumula. Ungaxuba iphepha lomhlabathi, ulwelwesi nesihlabathi ngesilinganiso 2: 1: 1 bese ufaka amalahle achotshoziwe, izingcezu zamagxolo, umhlaba omncane onobumbano lapho. Ukwandisa ukuzala kwenhlabathi, engeza ama-humus angama-20-30%. Ingxube yomhlabathi eyenziwe ngomumo yezimbali zasendlini, ezingathengwa kunoma yisiphi isitolo sezimbali noma umhlaba wehlathi elihlanganayo, nayo iyafaneleka.

Umswakama womoya

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ekunakekeleni i-calathea ukugcina umswakama womoya ophakeme kahle unyaka wonke. Fafaza isitshalo kusifutho esihle nsuku zonke ngamanzi axazululiwe. Isitsha esinezimbali kufanele sime pallet enamamose amnyama noma amatshe ayisiyingi; njengoba amanzi evele avuvukale, kuyadingeka ukuthambisa impahla esepallet.

Izitshalo ezinamaqabunga e-pubescent noma ama-velvet akufanele zifafazwe ngokuqondile. Ungazigeza kabili ngenyanga eshinini noma ufafaze umoya ezungeze isitshalo amahlandla ambalwa ngosuku. Ingaphezulu lepuleti leqabunga alinobuthakathaka kakhulu futhi lisengozini, hlikihla uthuli kusuka esitshalweni ngebhulashi noma ngendwangu eyomile.

Ukunisela

• I-Caletea iniselwa kaningi ehlobo izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngesonto, kuthi ebusika, ukuchelela kuncishiswe kube isikhathi esingu-1 njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-6-8.
• Phakathi kwezinqubo zokunisela, ingaphezulu lomhlabathi kufanele lome ngo-2-4 cm.
• Gwema ukudonswa kwamanzi esihlwini, ikakhulukazi ebusika.
• Lapho unisela, akusikisela ukuthi amaconsi amanzi awele emaqabungeni esitshalo, ngakho-ke kungcono ukunisela esiseleni sokunisela ngekhala elincane, sihamba emaphethelweni ebhodwe.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu

Isisindo esingaphezulu komhlaba sesitshalo sikhulu futhi sidinga umsoco owanele - kuyadingeka ukondla ngokuhlelekile. Ngesikhathi sokukhula (Mashi-Septhemba), izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngenyanga, faka umanyolo wezitshalo zokuhlobisa. Ekwindla nasebusika, kwanele ukufaka umquba kanye njalo emavikini ayi-6.

Ungayifaka kanjani i-calathea

Ukufakelwa kweCalathea esithombeni sasekhaya

• Ukufakelwa kuyadingeka minyaka yonke ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
• Ngaphansi kwembiza, ungakhohlwa ukubeka ungqimba lwamanzi amatshe abunjiwe, ubumba olwandisiwe, izingcezwana zobumba, bese kuphela ke uthela ungqimba lomhlabathi.
• Dlulisa ngokucophelela isitshalo ngesigaxa sodaka ukuze ungalimazi izimpande ezintekenteke.
• Uhlelo lwezimpande lungelona olwangempela, ngakho-ke khetha umthamo ongashonile nobubanzi.
• Isikhathi ngasinye, khuphula ububanzi bebhodwe ngo-2 cm ukusuka kweyedlule.
• Beka i-rhizome enkabeni yebhodwe ngokweqile bese ungeza inhlabathi entsha nxazonke.
• Qondanisa inhlabathi ezimpandeni ngentende yakho.

Ukusakazeka kweCalathea ekhaya

Ukwehlukanisa isihlahla

Ungahlukanisa kanjani isithombe se-calathea bush

• Ngesikhathi sokufakelwa, ukusakazwa ngokuhlukanisa impande kungenzeka.
• I-Delenka ngayinye kufanele ibe nezimpande ezingama-2-3 kanye namaqabunga amaningana irosette encane ye-basal.
• Tshala izithombo ezimbizeni ezihlukile ngenkathi ugcina izinga elifanayo lokutshala.
• Ukuze uvumelane nezimo kangcono, kunconyelwa ukumboza lesi sitshalo ngensimbi yepulasitiki nokugcina izinga lokushisa lomoya lingaphakathi kuka-23-24º C.
• Ungasika nezilimo eziyizigaxa ngesigamu. Izingcezu kufanele ziphathwe namalahle. Bese uqhubeka njengokuphakelwa okujwayelekile.

Leaf nokusika

Ukusika kwe-calathea esithombeni samanzi

Ungasusa izingcezu zamaqabunga kanye neziqu.

• Ngaphambi kokufaka izimpande, ukusikwa okulungiselelwe kuphathwe kahle ngesixazululo sezimpande: kuzibambe kuze kube losuku, bese izimpande emanzini noma enhlabathini.
• Tshala izingcezu enhlabathini emanzi bese umboza nge-cap noma endaweni esitsheni esinamanzi ahlanzekile.
• Nikeza ukukhanya kokukhanya.
• Gcina ukushisa nomswakama.
• Izimpande zizovela kungakapheli inyanga. Ngokulandelayo, tshala unakekele izithombo, njengesitshalo esidala.

Ukutshala imbewu

Isithombe se-calathea seed

Ukuhanjiswa kwembewu kwe-calathea kuyindlela eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi ehlala isikhathi eside. Kungathatha iminyaka ukukhula kusuka embewini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngisho imbewu eseqophelweni eliphezulu ayihlali ihluma.

• Ngaphambi kokutshala, imbewu kufanele ibanjwe kusisombululo esingu-1% se-potanganum permanganate.
• Lungiselela ukuhlanganiswa kwezingxenye ezimbili zenhlabathi yamaqabunga nengxenye eyodwa yesihlabathi. Imbewu ingcwatshwa ngo-0,5 cm.
• Gcina izinga lokushisa lomoya phakathi kuka-21-25º C.

Izithombo zesithombe seCalathea

• Lapho kuqala amaqabunga eqiniso, izitshalo zigaxela emabhokisini ahlukene enenhlabathi efanayo, lapho izithombo ziqina, atshalwa emabhodweni ahlukile.
• Inhlabathi nokunakekelwa okuqhubekayo kuyadingeka ezitshalweni ezindala: gcina umswakama, uvame amanzi, uvikele kokungakapheli kanye nokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile.

Izifo zeCalathea nezinambuzane

Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, ama-calatheas cishe awatheleleki ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni. Ukusuka kokunisela ngokweqile, ukubola kwezimpande kungavela, futhi ngenxa yokuntuleka komswakama, amaqabunga aphenduka aphuzi bese uwa.

ICalathea ishiya imile futhi igoqekile

Kungani ama-calatheas curl eshiya okufanele akwenze

Izimbangela zenkinga:

• Umoya omile kakhulu egumbini, udinga ukubeka umswakama womoya eduze, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, lesi sitshalo sibekwa e-aquarium evaliwe enomswakama womoya ophakeme kuze kube yilapho isimo sivamile.
• Ukulwelwa kwenhlabathi: ukunisela njalo ngamanzi alukhuni kuholela ekushintsheni kokuphendula kwe-acid-base. Ukufakelwa okuphuthumayo kuyadingeka ngokubuyiselwa komhlaba kwenhlabathi ngokuphelele (inhlabathi evela ehlathini le-coniferous izoba nomthelela omuhle esimeni sesimbali), kuthi emva kokufakelwa, ondle ubuhle ngemuva kwamasonto amabili.
• Ukujikeleza impande - ngokuchichima okungapheli, imbali ingagula. Ukuvuselelwa okuphuthumayo kuyadingeka: Izimpande ezibolile namaqabunga owonakele ayalungiswa, izimpande ziyagezwa, ziphathwe ngesixazululo se-phytosporin futhi sitshalwe ebhodweni elinegciwane elinomhlabathi omusha.

Kungani ama-calatheas enezeluleko ezomile zamaqabunga

Amathiphu amaqabunga omile ngenxa yomoya owomile kakhulu, ukufafaza ngokungafanele njalo nokuntuleka kwezakhi emhlabathini.

Amaqabunga eCalathea ayashona

UCalathea wehlise isithombe samaqabunga

Uma imbali igcwele kakhulu, ingasabela ngokushiswa kwamaqabunga okubukhali. Emva kwalokhu, kuyadingeka ukukhipha amanzi epanini futhi ungasinisi isitshalo kuze kube yilapho umhlaba womile. Uma isimo singathuthuki, kuzofakelwa ukufakelwa komhlaba esikhundleni somunye futhi kuphathwe ukwelashwa ngesikhunta. Izimpande ezithintekile ziyagawulwa.

Izinambuzane

Amaqabunga obucayi be-calathea ayisihlungo sokuncipha kwezinambuzane (izibungu zesicabucabu, ama-spips, izinambuzane ezikala, ama-aphid, amhlophe amhlophe). Uma uthola izilokazane ngisho nasezitshalweni eziseduze kwe-calathea, kuyadingeka ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela: phatha amaqabunga esitshalo ngamalungiselelo angewona amakhemikhali.

Ungasebenzisa isixazululo sensipho (amagremu angama-20 kasepha owuketshezi 1 litre lamanzi). Hlanganisa kahle kuze kube yilapho amafomu egwebu, amboze inhlabathi ngefilimu, bese aphatha amaqabunga ngesisombululo.

Ukufakwa kwe-anyanisi ikhasi, ugarliki, amaqabunga e-walnut nezinye izinambuzane zemvelo nakho kufanelekile. Thatha cishe amagremu angama-200 ukuya kwangama-300 we-husks, ama-clove ambalwa kagalikhi namaqabunga ambalwa e-walnut, uthele ilitha elilodwa lamanzi bese ugcizelela isonto lonke. Kuzoba utshwala mama. Isixazululo esisebenzayo (ngqo sokucutshungulwa) silungiswa kusuka engxenyeni eyodwa yotshwala mama ukuya ezingxenyeni ezingama-50 zamanzi.

Uma izinambuzane zivele ngqo kulesi sitshalo, phatha ngokubulala izinambuzane. Khumbula ukuthi udinga ukwenza lokhu emoyeni omusha ukugwema ubuthi ngabantu noma izilwane.

Izinhlobo zama-calatheas anezithombe namagama

UCalathea Makoya Calathea Makoyana

Isithombe se-calathea Makoya sokunakekelwa kwasekhaya

Kuhlonishwa kusuka emahlathini emvula aseBrazil. Akakuthandi ukufafaza, kulungele kakhulu ukukhula ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo. Iyabekezelela ukukhanyiselwa okwenziwe ngamakhanda. Amacembe makhulu (20 cm ubude ne-10 cm ububanzi), anamathiselwe ku-petioles ubude be-14 cm. Ukuma kweqabunga kuyinto okusaqanda. Umbala wepuleti leshidi ungumbala oluhlaza oluluhlaza onqenqemeni oluhlaza okotshani. Kunjengokungathi iphethini lidwetshwe phezulu ngesimo sephepha elingelapheki le-green hue emnyama. ngemuva kweshidi, iphethini iphinda ngemithunzi ye-burgundy. Ubunye bengaphansi kwesiqabunga seqabunga bungabonakala kuyo yonke inkazimulo yayo kusihlwa, lapho kuphakama amapuleti eqabunga.

UCalathea Warszewicz Calathea warzewiczii

Kalateya Varshevich isithombe sokunakekelwa kwasekhaya

Ukuphakama kwezitshalo kusuka ku-30 ​​cm kuya kumitha eyi-1. Isihlahla sinerosisi eminyene yamaqabunga. Ukwakheka kwepuleti leqabunga kukhuphukile-okusaqanda, emaphethelweni kunewa wavy kancane. Ingaphezulu leqabunga ligqamile, umbala uluhlaza omnyama ngephethini ngesimo sesihlahla sikaKhisimusi se-green hue elula. Ukuqhakaza muhle: i-inflorescence efomini ifana ne-rose, inombala omhlophe noma okhilimu. Izimbali zivula ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo futhi zijabulisa amasonto amathathu.

I-Saffron Calathea noma i-Croat Calathea crocata

Isithombe sokunakekelwa kwasekhaya seCalathea saffron

Imvelaphi evela ogwini lwe-Amazon. Izimbali "zamanga" zinamathiselwe kuma-peduncle aphezulu futhi ziqoqwe kuma-inflorescence afushane we-corymbose. Izimbali zangempela azilingani: zincanyana, zipinki noma zibomvu, ziqoqwe ngama-brices amakhulu aluhlaza okhanyayo, i-saffron hue. Amaqabunga angama-velvety, angama-20-30 cm ubude, apendwe luhlaza okotshani. Izimbali zenzeka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo noma esikhathini sekwindla-ebusika (lapho amahora omhla wokufushane efushane futhi ahlala amahora angama-8-10).

I-calathea lanceolans lansifolia I-calathea lancifolia

UCalathea lansifolia ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya

Lesi sitshalo sihlukaniswa ukwakheka kwamaqabunga, ngemibala emnandi: Imithunzi emnyama yokugqekeza kusuka ngaphansi, iluhlaza okotshani ngemivimbo eguqukayo eluhlaza egcwele ngaphezulu. Amahlamvu anomgqumo wokuphefumula othambile futhi awugobile ngaphakathi ngaphakathi komthambo ophakathi nendawo.

I-calathea rufibarba noma i-redbeard Calathea rufibarba

ICalathea rufibarba esithombeni sasekhaya

Le mbali iphakeme impela, ifinyelela ku-70 cm ukuphakama, inamaqabunga amade amade kanye namahlamvu amade angamabala aqukethe i-volumetric corrugation ngephethini ye-herringbone namagagasi emaphethelweni eshidi. Ngaphansi kwamaqabunga nama-petioles amaqabunga apendwe ngombala obomvu.