I-apula yezitshalo ezishisayo yeza kithi ivela kude neMexico naseMelika, ngaphezu kwalokho, yaqala kahle kwamanye amazwe, ikakhulukazi eNdiya nase-Afrika. Hlobo luni lwesimangaliso lolu, izithelo ze-guava? Masimazi kangcono, ngoba abanye abathandi abahlukile bakwazile ukukhulisa owakwelinye izwe ekhaya, futhi ngenxa yalokhu kufanele ukwazi okungenani okuncane mayelana nokuthi iyini isiko nokuthi lidinga ini.
Igama lesayensi lesi sitshalo alisajwayelekile futhi lizwakala njenge- "psidium".
Isimilo se-Botanical
IGuava yisihlahla sezithelo esiphakathi nendawo enomqhele osakazekayo, ukuphakama kwawo kungamamitha angama-4 ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, ingafinyelela kumamitha ayi-10, kepha ekudingisweni kunosayizi oxingene ngaphezulu. IGuava ingeyamalungu omndeni we-myrtle, lapho imele ikilasi lezitshalo ezi-dicotyledonous ezivela emnyangweni we-angiosperms.
Amaqabunga eGuava awawi ngisho nasebusika. Ezinyangeni ezinhlanu ngemuva kokuqhakaza (kwesinye isikhathi ezintathu), izithelo ezinkulu zinesisindo esifinyelela ku-160 g esihlahleni. Ngale ndlela, isihlahla esiqhakazayo sibukeka simangalisa kakhulu ngama-inflorescence amhlophe. Umuthi uthela izithelo ngokucebile: kusuka kwisilimo esisodwa ungalanda izithelo ezifika ku-100 kg. Kukhona futhi igagasi lesibili le-fruiting, kepha kulokhu ubukhulu bezithelo nobuningi bazo buphakathi.
Nambitha izimfanelo zokude
IGuava ibukeka njengesiphambano phakathi kwe-apula, ulamula neparele. Izithelo zinomumo oyindilinga, njenge-apula, noma ubude obuncane, njengeparele. Isikhumba esiminyene se-tuberous sifana nezithelo zomawolintshi, kepha izithelo eziphuzi sibukeka njenge-quince.
Lapho izithelo zivuthwa, ziphenduka ziphuzi noma zibe burgundy, kepha ezinye izinhlobo zihlala ziluhlaza. Izithelo ezivuthiwe zisakaza ukunambitheka okuqinile kokhilimu ngakubo.
Lapho ikhasi likhulu le-guava likhula, kuba mnyama ngalo, izithelo ezinhle kunazo zonke yilezo ezinethanga elincanyana.
I-pulp yezithelo iminyene impela futhi inamanzi, encane, futhi imbewu ephuzi eqinile ifihlwe ngaphakathi. Kunezinto eziningi zazo, izingcezu ezingaphezu kwekhulu esithelo esisodwa, embozwe ngegobolondo elinzima ngaphezulu, ngakhoke kubakhona ubunzima lapho kukhula imbewu ye-guava.
Ukuze ube nombono wokuthi izithelo zibukeka kanjani, siphakamisa ukuthi uzijwayeze ngesithombe sezithelo ze-guava:
Kunzima kakhulu ukuphendula ngokungathandeki ukuthi ukunambitheka kwe-guava kubukeka kanjani. Kuya ngezinhlobonhlobo ezithile. Izinhlobo eziningi zinenyama emhlophe, kepha kunezinhlobonhlobo zazo lapho zibomvana, ziphuzi futhi zibomvu. Isibonelo, izinhlobo ezinezithelo ezibomvu zikhumbuza kakhulu ama-raspberries, kuyilapho isikhumba sazo sinephunga le-coniffort. Kepha i-sitrobheli guava, ngokulandelana, inambitha yama-sitrobheli eqeda kancane uphayinaphu. Kodwa ngaphandle kokuhlukahluka, i-psidium evuthiwe imnandi kakhulu. Izithelo ezingavuthiwe zifakwa i-asidi, futhi akunconywa ukuba uzidle.
Izithelo eziluhlaza azikwazi nje ukudala ukucaphuka kokugaya, kodwa futhi kunomthelela omubi ukusebenza kwezinso.
Ungayidla kanjani i-guava? Impendulo icacile - yintsha kuphela. Ukugcinwa isikhathi eside kwezithelo kubangela ukunambitheka kwabo, kepha basengalala esiqandisini usuku noma ezimbili, kepha efrijini kuyindaba ehluke ngokuphelele. Isimo okuwukuphela kokuba khona kwephakheji ye-hermetic, ngoba izithelo zithatha ngokushesha iphunga.
Izithelo ezintsha zingalungiswa kusuka izithelo ezivuthiwe - futhi zinambitheka kakhulu futhi zimnandi. Izithelo ezisanda kufakwa noma ezifriziwe zifakwa ezitsheni noma emajellies ahlukahlukene kanye namasiraphu kulungiswa kuwo, bese ushizi wokuqala wasemuva utholakala ezithelo ezomisiwe. Ungabuye ukha inyama ebabayo, bese uthola isidlo sangaphambili senyama.
Futhi okuthe xaxa ngokudla izithelo zonke ekudleni, okungukuthi, ukuthi ungayidla kanjani i-guava kahle. Lokhu kwenziwa kangcono ngokusika kube izingcezu. Kuyelulekwa ukuba uzidle nge-peel kanye nembewu ukuze uzuze kakhulu. Akufanele ukhohlwe ukuthi i-peel ingaba nomunyu noma ukunambitheka kwe-coniferous (khona-ke kungcono ukuyinquma), futhi imbewu inogobolondo obunzima. Ngakho-ke, sidla ngobumnene, sizigwinye sonke, futhi ungakwazi ukugedla, uma uqiniseka ngamandla amazinyo.
Hhayi isithelo, kepha ibhomu lamavithamini
Izithelo zeGuava, yize zimnandi, ziqukethe ama-kCall angama-69 kuphela, kepha kukhona amavithamini namaminerali anele kuwo. Phakathi kwazo kukhona:
- insimbi
- calcium
- phosphorus;
- i-magnesium
- Isodiyamu
- potassium;
- Vitamin B, A, C ne-PP.
Njengakwezinye izithelo, i-guava iqukethe amanzi amaningi (80,7 g nge-100 g ye-pulp), kepha ama-carbohydrate ayi-17,4 kuphela, kanti isilinganiso se-fiber yokudla singama-5.4 g.
Yini ukusetshenziswa kwe-apula elisendaweni eshisayo?
Ngenxa yenkimbinkimbi ecebile yezinto ezizuzisayo, i-psidium iyanconywa ukuvimbela kanye nokwelashwa kwezifo eziningi, ezithi:
- nezinkinga zesisu;
- ekwelapheni izinqubo zokuvuvukala umphimbo;
- ngezifo zamaphaphu;
- ukudambisa ukubanjwa nokuqunjelwa;
- ngesifo senhliziyo.
Izici ezinenzuzo zezithelo ze-guava ziyasebenza naku-peel yayo: iqukethe ama-antioxidants ngenani eleqa ukwakheka kwawo ku-pulp yezithelo uqobo. Ukudla i-guava yonke, kanye nesikhumba, kusiza ukudambisa izinhlungu kanye nokuqunjelwa, kusiza ukudambisa ukuvuvukala futhi kusebenze njenge-antitumor agent ngokuhlanganiswa nokwelashwa okuyinhloko.
Ngaphezu kwe-pulp enempilo enama-juicy, amaqabunga asetshenziswa futhi ngezinjongo zokwelapha. Emithini yesintu, ama-decoctions amaqabunga e-guava anconyelwa ukukhwehlela, izifo zesifo somlomo wesibeletho, komzimba. Itiye le-herbal kusuka emaqabungeni amasha lizosiza ngesiyezi futhi futhi lisebenza njengethoni enhle kakhulu.
Ingabe i-guava iyakwazi ukulimaza umzimba?
Akukho okuphikisana okuqondile kokusetshenziswa kwesithelo esingaphandle, kepha izindlela zokuqapha kufanele zibhekwe noma ngabe kunezindawo ezizuzisayo ze-guava. Okokuqala, lokhu kusebenza kubantu abathambekele ekuphatheni komzimba.
Ngokuqapha nangesilinganiso esilinganiselwe, kufanele ufake i-guava ekudleni kwakho kubantu abanesifo sikashukela, ngoba ukusetshenziswa kwezithelo ezimnandi, ikakhulukazi nesikhumba, kubangela ukugxuma okubukhali kushukela wegazi.
Ngisho nabantu abaphilile ngokuphelele akufanele bancike ezithelo ezinamanzi - njengoba uyazi, ukweqisa akuyona into evamile, futhi izithelo ezidliwayo ngamanani amakhulu zingadala ukukhathazeka, ikakhulukazi uma umzimba uzama kubo okokuqala. Umphumela ofanayo uzoba ngemuva kokudla izithelo eziluhlaza.
Kungenzeka ukukhulisa i-guava endaweni yami?
Muva nje, izithelo eziningi ezihlukile ziyatholakala ezingadini zasendaweni, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziseningizimu, lapho isimo sezulu esifudumele sivumelana kakhulu nendawo yazo yokulima yemvelo. Kodwa-ke, ukutshalwa kwama-guavas ekhaya emhlabathini ovulekile akunakwenzeka lapha, ngoba umuthi ngeke ubekezelele ubusika baseRussia. Okubalulekile kuye sekuvele kungama-degree ama-3 weqhwa. Lokhu kwanele ukuba ngisho nesihlahla somuntu omdala sife.
Kepha ungalahli ithemba, ngoba kukhona enye inketho - yokukhulisa i-guava njengesiko lebhodwe, ikakhulukazi uma kunensimu yasebusika lapho kuzoba nokufudumele nokukhanya. Kuyiqiniso, akunakwenzeka ukujabulisa isivuno esiningi sama-100 kg, umuthi, kanye nosayizi omkhulu, kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukujabulela izithelo ezihlanzekile ngokwemvelo usebenzisa izinhlobo zokuzitholela impova.
Ngokungafani nezitshalo eziningi, ezihlushwa yizifo ezahlukahlukene, i-guava ine-immune immune futhi iyaqabukela. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa okucacile emthandweni wakhe, ngoba kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali ukucubungula isihlahla futhi kuqinisekisa isivuno esiphephile nesimnandi.
Njengesitshalo, indlu enhlobonhlobo yeguava enjenge-psidium Littoral, nayo engasogwini, ifaneleka kakhulu. Ngobuhle bezinhlobonhlobo, kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi:
- ayidingi impova;
- ukumelana nezifo nezinambuzane;
- blooms kahle ngama-inflorescence amakhulu amhlophe;
- i-fruiting encane (4 cm ubukhulu), kepha imnandi, izithelo eziphuzi ezinephunga elinamandla;
- Iveza kahle kokubili ngezindlela nangezindlela zemifino.
Izinhlobonhlobo zeCatley zinezithelo ezimbalwa ((2 cm) kuphela, kepha zinambitheka nge-sitrobheli. Le nhlobonhlobo ibuye ifaneleke njenge-guava ekhulayo njengeplanethi yendlu.
Izici Ezikhulayo
Abanye abalimi bakholelwa ukuthi imbewu yezithelo ezithengiwe ukusetshenziswa emakethe yasekhaya noma esitolo yizinto ezifanelekile zokuyisakaza. Ngezindlela ezithile, baqinisile, ngoba ulamula nama-tangerine akhule ngale ndlela. Kepha kufanelekile ukuthi ubheke iqiniso lokuthi akuzona zonke izinhlobo ze-guava ezizenzakalela impova, phakathi kwazo kunezinhlobo ezingatheli izithelo ngaphandle kokungcoliswa okwengeziwe, kepha kungenzeka ukuthi sekunezinkinga ngalokhu. Kuhle ukuthenga izinto zembewu esitolo esikhethekile - ngakho-ke kuzoba nesiqiniseko esifanele sokuthi umuthi wakho uzothela izithelo, noma usebenzise izinhlobo ezifakazelwe.
Lapho utshala, ungakhohlwa ukuthi imbewu inegobolondo elukhuni. Ukusheshisa nokwenza lula ukuhluma, kufanele kufakwe emanzini amahora angama-2-3 kumlawuli wokukhula kwezinga lokushisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akulimalanga ukukrola imbewu kancane nge-sandpaper - ngakho-ke kuzoba lula ukuthi ihlumela liqhume.
Ukuze uthole izithombo ezikhulayo, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-greenhouse noma i-hotbed, ngoba zidinga izinga lokushisa eliphakeme impela, okungenani ama-degree angu-24 Celsius. Imbewu akudingeki ukuthi zijule, zimane uzihlwanyele ngaphezulu komhlaba okhululekileyo uzifafaze ngesihlabathi. Lapho izithombo zikhula futhi zifinyelela ukuphakama okungaba ngu-5 cm, kufanele ziphinwe futhi zidluliselwe emabhodweni ahlukile.
Ungayinakekela kanjani i-guava yasekhaya?
Ukunakekelwa okuthe xaxa kwezithelo zangaphakathi ze-guava akulula futhi kufaka:
- ukufakelwa kwentwasahlobo konyaka wezitshalo ezincane ngokushintshwa ebhodweni kuya kwesinye esivulekile kakhudlwana;
- ukuchelela ngokulinganiselayo, ukuvimba inhlabathi ukuthi isomile ngokuphelele futhi ingalethi esimweni sesibhuku;
- ukugeza njalo eshinini noma ukufafaza okuningi;
- Izithako eziyinkimbinkimbi zamaminerali kanye ngenyanga ngesikhathi sokukhula.
I-Psidium, noma ingenambitheki, kepha idinga izinto ezimbili: ukukhanya nokushisa. Ekamelweni kufanele athathe indawo ekhanyiselwe kunazo zonke, ayiveze emoyeni ovulekile ehlobo. Okuqukethwe kwesitshalo sasebusika kwehluke kancane: kule nkathi, imvamisa yokunisela iyancishiswa futhi izinga lokushisa lehliswa libe ngama-20-16 degrees okushisa.
Ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo, ungaqala ukwakha umqhele omuhle eduze kwesihlahla, kodwa kufanelekile ukucabanga ukuthi uthela izithelo amahlumela amancane. Kepha izinqubo zezimpande zisuswa kahle ngesikhathi ukuze zivikele ukuqina. Enye yezindlela zokwakha ukunamathisela phezulu kwamagatsha - lokhu kuvuselela ukukhula kwamakhanda futhi kuvimbele ukunwetshwa kwesiqu.
Njengoba ubona, izithelo ze-guava azimnandi kuphela futhi zinempilo. Isimo sayo esilula nesingakhulisi siguqula ama-exotic abe yisitshalo sasekhaya, okungeke kube nzima ukusikhulisa. Tshala izihlahla eziningana endlini yakho ukuze uxwayeze izihlobo zakho ngezithelo ezinoshukela. Futhi ekuphetheni, ngifuna ukwengeza ukuthi lesi sitshalo sokuhlobisa i-evergreen siyakwazi futhi ukuhlanza umoya endlini, sinakekele impilo yakho.
