I-Fern isitshalo sakudala esingayeki ukumangala ngokubukeka kwayo okungajwayelekile kakhulu futhi okumangalisa kakhulu. Phakathi kwalezi zitshalo kunezinhlobo ezijwayelekile zazo zonke ama-vayas, futhi ezijwayelekile kakhulu futhi zangempela. Ngakho-ke, iMicrosorum igqamile kwamanye ama-fern ngobukhazikhazi bayo nokuthi yumsuka wayo. Amahlamvu enesimo esingajwayelekile, abanzi futhi abanzi. Amapuleti eshidi anjalo acwebezelwe ahlanganiswe abe mnwebu, acishe aconswe. Futhi iphethini leengwenya elingaphezulu kwamahlamvu acwebezelayo lengeza ukumangalisa kwesihlahla ngokwaso. Lesi sitshalo kuze kube manje singahlangatshezwa hhayi kaningi, kepha ukuthandwa kwaso kuya ngokuya kusanda nsuku zonke. Ngakho-ke, ilungele ukuhlobisa womabili amakamelo okuhlala nekhishi noma indlu yokugezela. Ukunakekela le fern kulula kakhulu, futhi kuyisitshalo esikhula ngokushesha.
Microsorum
Isikhathi sokuqala lapho bebona imicrosorum, wonke umuntu ufisa ukubona ubukhulu nokugqagqana kwamaqabunga awo, kanye nokubukeka kwayo okumangazayo. Lezi zitshalo aziyona into engenakubalwa futhi engenamkhawulo ekunakekelweni. Kuyo yonke le minyaka, bathola ukubukeka okumangazayo, ngakho-ke izihlahla ezinciphile ziba buthuntu futhi zigobile. I-fern enjalo ifanela ngokuphelele noma yisiphi isitayela sefulethi, ngenkathi ingahlobisa cishe lonke igumbi futhi, okubaluleke, ukubukeka kwayo kuhlala kugcina imvelaphi yayo kanye nobuntu bayo. Lezi zitshalo zaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi "izingwenya", futhi konke ngoba ngaphezulu kwamapuleti awo angajwayelekile kukhona i-mesh vein, enikeza ukufana okucacile kwangaphandle kwesikhumba sezinyamazane ezinjalo. I-fern enjalo ihlobene ngqo nomndeni uCentipede (Polypodiaceae), nezwe lakubo yi-Oceania, Australia, kanye neNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.
Izitshalo ezinamakhompiyutha anjengeMicrosorum (Microsorum) zingaba nokuphakama kwamasentimitha angama-25 kuye kwangama-50, futhi futhi zinama-rhizomes ezinwabuzelayo. Akujwayelekile ukuthi izimpande zalesi sitshalo zikwazi ukuphuma zingene zingene enhlabathini. Ngobude, amapuleti amaqabunga e-microsorums awafiki amasentimitha angaphezu kwangama-60, kepha lokhu kuyizimo zegumbi. Kwisitshalo sasendle, ubude be-wai bungafinyelela amasentimitha ayi-100. Kukhiwa amakhethini angamakhasi kusuka emapheshana angama-sessile noma e-petiolate. Amapuleti amaqabunga angaba lula, aqine ngokulingene ngokwakheke kanye ne-cirrus, ahlukaniswe ngobubanzi nobubanzi obukhulu (njengomthetho, izingxenye zingasukela izingcezu ezi-3 kuye kweziyi-5).
Ama-waiyi amancanyana angaphandle (ulutsha) afana kakhulu nesitshalo esinjengesigaxa. Njengoba bekhula, amaqabunga ayaguquka, ngenkathi eba dissected, ethe xaxa futhi emangalisa. Ingaphezulu lamapuleti eshidi alindelekile futhi alilingani, kuyilapho umphetho nawo u-wavy ngokungalingani. Amaqabunga anjalo ayaconsa, aqhekeke, ukuze i-fern ibonakale ngendlela engajwayelekile. Ama-Sorus, angamabala ansundu obomvu ebusweni bamapheshana, abekwa eceleni komthambo ophakathi ulandelana noma endaweni engafanele (ngokungalingani). I-sporangia engagunyaziwe imele isitho sokuzala lapho ukwakheka kwesidali kwenzeka khona. Zingaba zombili i-unicellular (ngenani elikhulu lezitshalo eziphansi kanye nesikhunta), ne-multicellular (ezitshalweni eziphakeme). Igama elithi sporangia ngesiGreek lisho ukuthi "spóra" - "ukuhlwanyela, imbewu" nokuthi "angéion" - "isitsha, isamukeli".
Ukukhula microsorum ekhaya
IMicrosorum ilungele ukukhula ngabalimi nabaqeqeshiwe abanolwazi. Lolu hlobo lwezitshalo alunasici futhi lukhuni kakhulu, yize ludinga umswakama ophezulu. Ngakho-ke, uma kungenzeki amaphutha amakhulu kakhulu ekunakekelweni kwenziwa, isitshalo siyalulama ngokushesha okukhulu.
Ukukhanyisa
Enye yezinto ezimbi zesitshalo esinjalo, esihlukanisa namanye ama-ferns, yi-Photophilousness. Iqiniso ngukuthi ukukhula kwalo okujwayelekile nentuthuko kukhanya kahle kuyadingeka, kepha ungakhohlwa ukuthi kufanele kusabalale. Ngakho-ke, abalimi bezimbali abanolwazi bancoma ukukhetha iwindi lokuya ngasempumalanga noma entshonalanga. Ebusika, ochwepheshe baluleka ukusebenzisa i-backlighting ukuze i-fern iqhubeke nokubukeka kwayo okuhle.
Okwamanje, esitolo sezimbali ungathenga imicrosorum, evame ukukhula emthunzini omncane oyingxenye noma ngokushibilika okuncane. Ukuqiniseka ukuthi isitshalo sikhanya kangakanani, sibuze umthengisi wakho ngalokho.
Ukushisa
I-fern enjalo ithanda ukushisa kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, izinga lokushisa lomoya elivumelekile elingaphansi kwegumbi lapho likhona lingama-20 degrees. Abesabi ukushisa, kepha i-hypothermia ingaholela ekufeni. Ukushisa okunconyiwe kungama-21-28 degrees. Kuhle ukukhumbula ukuthi awukwazi ukuvumela ukupholisa okuqinile kwenhlabathi ebhodweni. Ukuze uyilondoloze ezingeni elifanele, kunconywa ukubeka imbiza yezimbali esitimeleni esikhethekile. Lokhu kuzosiza ukugwema ukupholisa inhlabathi ethangini kusuka ku-sill windows.
I-Microsorum isitshalo esishisa kakhulu futhi kungafanele ukuthi idluliselwe komoya omusha ehlobo. Futhi, lapho ungena ngaphakathi egumbini, kuyadingeka ukuvikela imbali kokusalungiswa.
Ungaphuzisa kanjani
Lesi sitshalo, njengamanye ama-ferns, sithanda ukuthambisa okuvame kakhulu. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, ukunakekelwa kumele kuthathwe ukuvikela ukugeleza kwamanzi enhlabathini. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuyinkcenkceshela ngenkathi efudumele ngemuva kokoma komhlaba waphezulu. Kwisitshalo esinjalo, isomiso esifushane asibi kakhulu. Ebusika, ukuchelela kuyenziwa, ngoba kuzothatha izinsuku ezimbalwa emva kokomiswa kwengqimba ephezulu yaphansi komhlaba.
Kuyadingeka ukunisela imbali enjalo ngamanzi athambile angavamile. Ngakho-ke, ukuncibilika noma amanzi emvula kuzoba inketho engcono kakhulu.
Umswakama womoya
Ikhula ngokujwayelekile ezimbizeni ezijwayelekile zefasitela kufasitela, kanye nakuma-florariums anamanzi anama-paludariums. Uma i-microsorum ikhula njengesitshalo esibunjiwe, khona-ke kufanele ifakwe umswakama kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka (okungenani izikhathi ezingama-2-3) kusuka ku-sprayer. Futhi, ukuze kwandiswe umswakama womoya, amatshe amatshe angathululelwa emgqonyeni obanzi noma kufakwe i-sphagnum bese kufakwa uketshezi oluncane. Ungasebenzisa futhi ama-humidifires.
Umanyolo
I-fern enjalo idinga ukondliwa kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhula, esiqala ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Agasti (okubandakanya). Le nqubo yenziwa kanye njalo emavikini angama-2-3. Kulokhu, umquba we-organic, oyinkimbinkimbi ojwayelekile noma lawo enzelwe amafenisi afanelekile.
Izici ukufakelwa nokukhethwa kwengxube yenhlabathi
I-Microsorum iyatshalwa, njengomthetho, ngemuva kokuthi uhlelo lwayo lwempande luyekile ukulingana ebhodweni. Njengomthetho, inqubo enjalo yenziwa kanye njalo eminyakeni emi-2 noma emi-3. Lokhu kwenziwa kangcono ngoFebhuwari-Mashi, lapho i-fern iqala ukukhula kakhulu.
Isitshalo esinjalo asidingi imbiza yezimbali ejwayelekile, kepha umthamo ophansi kakhulu nobubanzi. Ngakho-ke, ngokubekwa kwayo, i-sezimbali enemilenze, isitshalo esilengelayo, futhi nendawo yokuhlobisa iphelele.
Ngokutshala, kunconywa ukukhetha inhlabathi ethengiwe yama-ferns. Ungalungisa nomhlaba uhlanganiswa nawe, kepha khumbula ukuthi kumele ukhulule futhi udlule umoya kahle. Ukwakheka okuhle kwe-substrate: inhlabathi eshidi, isihlabathi kanye ne-peat, kuthathwe ku-1: 1: 1 noma 2: 1: 1. Kunconywa futhi ukuthi uthele amalahle, ama-moss noma ama-pine bark ku-substrate eqediwe. Emhlabathini, i-pH kufanele ibe ngu-5.5-7.0.
Ngaphambi kokubeka isitshalo ebhodweni, ungqimba oluhle lwamanzi lwenziwe ngaphansi kwawo, okufanele kube ngamasentimitha angama-2-3 ukuphakama. Ukufakelwa kumele kwenziwe ngokucophelela, ngoba i-fern ihlangabezana kabi nomonakalo omncane ohlelweni lwayo lwezimpande. Abatshali bezimbali abanolwazi batusa ukuthunyelwa ngendlela yokudlulisela. Lapho isitshalo sitshalwa, kufanele sibekwe endaweni enomthunzi nomswakama ophezulu ngezinsuku ezingama-3-7. Uma ufisa, lesi sitshalo singenza i-greenhouse noma isikebhe kwifilimu.
Izinambuzane nezifo
Isitshalo esinjenge-microsorum simelana kakhulu nezifo, kepha singalimala umswakama ophansi kakhulu. Uma isitshalo esinegciwane ngezinambuzane ezikalwa sitholakala eduze kwe-microsorum, khona-ke lezi zinambuzane zingangena ngokushesha kuso. Kufanele futhi kukhunjulwe ukuthi uma ungahlanganisi njalo ukuthambisa amahlamvu avela ku-sprayer, lokhu kungenza ukuthi isimungulu sesicabucabu sihlale esihlahleni. Ukuze uqede lezi zinambuzane eziyingozi, ochwepheshe bayeluleka, qiniseka ukuthi bandisa umswakama womoya, futhi bazame nokuzisusa ngomshini. Uma i-fern itheleleke kakhulu, khona-ke ukwelashwa okulungiselelwe nge-insecticidal yesinyathelo esifanele kungadingeka. Futhi, ukutheleleka ngezinambuzane ezijwayelekile ezinjengezimhlophe, ama-thrips kanye nama-mealybugs akuhlanganisiwe.
Njengomthetho, imbali iqala ukulimaza kuphela ngoba imithetho yokuyinakekela yephulwa. Ngakho:
- Amathiphu amaqabunga amaqabunga omile - cishe inhlama yodaka isomile, ukuthambisa kufanele kube njalo futhi kuningi.
- Amahlamvu emibala ashintsha umbala wawo abe ophuzi - ukukhanyisa okukhulu kakhulu.
- Isitshalo siyayeka ukukhula - ngenxa yokuthi imisebe yelanga eqondile iwela phezu kwayo.
- Ukomiswa kwamaqabunga amaqabunga - Igumbi linomswakama ophansi ngokweqile.
- Amahlamvu amnyama aphulukana nombala wazo ogcwele, abe phuzi futhi abulale - ukusetshenziswa okungalungile kokufaka umanyolo enhlabathini.
- Imbali ikhula kancane kakhulu noma ayikhuli nakancane, amaqabunga ayo alahlekelwa ukubukeka kwawo okumangazayo - Lokhu kuvame ukubangelwa ukuthi i-fern inokukhanya okuncane.
Izici Zokuphindaphindeka
Imvamisa, abalimi bezimbali basabalalisa imicrosorum ngokuhlukanisa i-rhizome. Kuhle ukukhumbula ukuthi kunconyelwa ukwenza inqubo enjalo ngesikhathi sokufakelwa, futhi lokhu kungenziwa ngaso sonke isikhathi. I-Delenki kumele ishiywe emoyeni omusha ukuze izindawo zokusika zome kahle. Ngemuva kwalokhu, kubalulekile ukuphatha lezo zindawo ngamalahle ochotshoziwe. I-Delenki kufanele itshalwe ngokuya ngemithetho efanayo nama-microsorums amadala ngesikhathi sokufakelwa.
Ezimweni ezingandile kakhulu, abatshali bezimbali bazama ukukhula isitshalo esinjalo kusuka ezinhlamvwini. Kodwa-ke, le yinqubo enzima futhi enzima. Ngakho-ke, ukuze amahlumela avele, kuzodingeka ukuthi kunikezwe ukushisa okuphansi kwetangi. Futhi kulokhu, ukomiswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo (izinhlamvu) kanye nokuhluma kwaso ku-peat kuvame ukusetshenziswa, kuyilapho isitsha sibekwa endaweni emnyama sinomswakama omningi ngokwanele.
Izinhlobo eziphambili
Lolu hlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingaba ngu-50, kepha ngasikhathi sinye, njengomthetho, ezintathu kuphela ezitshaliwe ekhaya.
I-Microsorum punctata (Microsorum punctatum)
Isifutho esifushane salesi sitshalo siyakhamba. Amaqabunga aqine kakhulu aqine kakhulu anomumo omncane we-elliptical. Ama-Clumps akhekiwe afinyelela ubude obungamasentimitha angama-30 kuphela futhi ayabonakala ngokufana nesigaxa.
I-Banana leaf microsorum (Microsorum musifolium)
Lolu hlobo aludumile kakhulu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isitshalo esinjalo siqala ukukhiqiza amahlumela afinyelela kubude be-1 imitha. Amahlamvu akhe anesikhumba abukeka ngendlela engajwayelekile. Phezu kobuso bawo kukhona imithambo ye-mesh, futhi kulolu hlobo lwamahlamvu ifana kakhulu nesikhumba sengwenya. Futhi, amaqabunga abukeka efana kakhulu namaqabunga ebhanana.
I-Microsorum multifolia (Microsorum diversifolium)
Amaqabunga wombala ogcwele ahlukaniswe ngezigaba kusuka kwezingcezu ezi-3 kuye kwezi-5, ezinesimo esisetshenziselwa ukujamojolo. Uma ubathinta, ungazizwa unephunga elimnandi kakhulu.
I-Pterygoid Microsorum (Microsorum pteropus)
Futhi, uhlobo olubizwa nge-pterygoid microsorum (Microsorum pteropus) luyathandwa kakhulu phakathi kwezazi zasemanzini. Kusetshenziswa kabanzi ukuhlobisa ama-aquariums, noma kunalokho ingxenye yawo yangemuva noma ephakathi.
I-Microsorum scolopendria (Microsorum scolopendria)
Kungekudala kakhulu, uhlobo lweMicroscore Scolopendra (Microsorum scolopendria) lwaludumile ikakhulukazi. Kodwa-ke, kuze kube manje, lesi sitshalo singesomndeni we-Phymatode scolopendria. Yilokho kuphela, ngoba i-vayi nefomu lokukhula kwalesi sitshalo lifana nephrolepsis, hhayi ama-microsorums.
