Yini esiyaziyo ngamakhabe e-Astrakhan?

I-watermelon, ama-berry amnandi - umuthi owuthandayo ekushoneni kwelanga ehlobo. Abantu baseRussia banolimi oluchazwe kahle: okuthile okushiwo ngumuntu "hhayi amakhabe kuyaqala, kepha ihlobo liphela", kubukeka kahle lapho udinga ukugcwala isithelo eseningizimu. Kungani amakhabe e-Astrakhan ebhekwa njengehamba phambili? Kunezizathu eziningi futhi zihambisana nezakhiwo ze-berry. Ungasithola kanjani isithelo esimnandi kude ne-Astrakhan, esifundeni saseMoscow noma eSiberia? Kungenzeka yini ukufaka ngaphansi imifino yaseningizimu eSiberia, futhi sizokhuluma ngalokhu.

Umlando wokuvela kwamakhabe eRussia

Ukuvela okokuqala ezinsolweni zikajikijolo omkhulu owalethwa etafuleni likaTsar Alexei Mikhailovich ngo-1560. Kepha amakhabe akhula e-Astrakhan esikhathini eside ngaphambi kwalomzuzu. Umguquki omkhulu uPeter I wayala ukuba akhiqize amakhabe eduze kwaseMoscow. Kodwa-ke, akukho mbewu, noma umhlabathi, noma izingcweti ze-Astrakhan zazo ezingakhulisa amakhabe ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba.

Maphakathi nekhulu le-XIX, amakhabe avela e-Astrakhan aqala ukufakwa emfuleni ukuze athengiswe kanye neVolga. Abalimi abavela eTsaritsyn baya eKamyshin nabo beza namakhabe. Namuhla, amakhabe e-Astrakhan abheke futhi alinda ezweni lonke. Iqiniso ngukuthi kule ndawo amakhabe akhula ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali, ezemvelo. Ukuvikela umkhiqizo wakho kusuka kunkohliso, sekukhiqizwe umkhiqizo okhethekile, oxubha ikhabethe ngalinye.

I-Astrakhan, inhlokodolobha yamakhabe, ngo-Agasti iphethe uSuku lwe-Astrakhan Watermelon. Lo ngumkhosi wokuvuna omuhle ngokusebenza kwaseshashalazini. Umuntu ngamunye obambe iqhaza eholidini uyakwazi ukunambitha ikhabe lenyanga futhi athathe ucezu lwasehlobo naye.

Ngabe ikhabe likhula kanjani?

Ngabe ikhabe lidingani ukuze likhule likhulu futhi libe mnandi? Umhlaba lapho uhlwanyela imbewu ye-watermelon kufanele uvuselelwe ungabi ngaphansi kuka-14. Esikhathini esizayo, izimpande zikhula kahle futhi zishayela ukudla ku-berry at lokushisa lika-30-32. Izinga lokushisa lomoya lingama-24-30. Lapho izithelo ziboshelwe, izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lansuku zonke aliweli ngaphansi kwe-18.

Isisindo samandla esiphelele sokwenza umsebenzi welanga wokuvuthwa kwesibeletho kufanele sibe ngu-2000 kuya ku-2000, ngokuya ngobunyoninco bezinhlobonhlobo. Futhi lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuze ukhule amakhabe udinga izinsuku eziningi zobusuku kanye nobusuku obufudumele kakhulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwamashidi angama-5-6, ukukhanya kufanele kufinyelele ku-10,000 lux ukukhanya kosuku okungaphansi kwamahora ayi-12. Uma usuku lude, izithelo ziboshwe kabi, futhi uma ukukhanya kungamahora angama-8, lesi sitshalo siyaqhuma. Isimo sezulu esibi kanye namazinga okushisa aphansi kuvusa ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo, ukugcwaliswa okuphansi, ukunambitheka kabi kwezithelo. Ngakho-ke, ukukhulisa ikhabe akukho lula.

Kungenzeka kuphi ukudala izimo ezinjalo? Esifundeni sase-Astrakhan. Amakhabe kukhona ngokwesiko futhi okumnandi. Ngasikhathi sinye, ikhabe le-Astrakhan luhlobo lapho kutshalwa khona iqembu lezinhlobonhlobo:

I-Astrakhan;
yarilo;
i-scoric;
amakhaza.

Lapha bakhulisa ikhabe lenyanga, isimangaliso esiphuzi. Kwezinye izindawo, la makhabe afana nethanga ukunambitha, futhi e-Astrakhan ayindlela eyintandokazi yezakhamizi. Lesi isithelo esibuthakathaka kakhulu esine-crust nyembamba, esingafanele ukugcinwa nokuhamba. Ngakho-ke, i-watermelon yenyanga eMoscow phakathi nosuku ngomlilo ayitholakali.

Ijwabu le-Astrakhan lihlukaniswa ngumehluko phakathi kwemikhawulo emnyama nesikhanyayo eduzane nomsila. Indawo eseleyo ethinta umhlabathi kufanele ibe mincane no-orenji. Umsila womile, kepha awomile. Amakhabe a-Astrakhan avuthwa nini? EMoscow, zingavela kuphela ngo-Agasti.

Yikuphi ikhabe okungafanele lithengwe?

Akukhathalekile ukuthi iyiphi ikhabe oyibuyisela ekhaya - i-Astrakhan, isi-Uzbek noma i-Kazakhstan, awunakuthenga ikhabe ezimweni ezilandelayo:

ngasohlangothini lwemigwaqo ematasa, njengoba amakhabe edonsa amagesi, angcoliswa;
ibala elikhulu elimhlophe noma elikhanyayo libonisa ukuntuleka kokushisa kokuvuthwa;
ukulimala kwe-peel - i-punning ithi ikhabe lalichweziwe nge-saltpeter ukuvuthwa okusheshayo, i-rotated crust yayimalunga nokubola kwangaphakathi;
ikhabe akufanele lilinyazwe;
akukho msila - linda ukubanjwa;
udinga ukukhetha ikhophi ephakathi enesisindo esingu-5-7 kg.

Ingozi enkulu ilindele abathandi abangapheli isineke of amakhabe zakuqala, etshalwe kusetshenziswa imithamo yokufaka umanyolo. Ngakho-ke, kuhle ukuthola ithuluzi lokulinganisa ama-nitrate aluhlaza.

Ungakhula kanjani ikhabe ekhaya?

Ungakhula ikhabe elimnandi, ubheka umbuso wokushisa nokukhanya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuhambisana nazo zonke izidingo:

Ukukhetha kokufika kwendawo;
ukuhlwanyela noma ukutshala izithombo emhlabeni ofudumele;
ukuchelela ngesikhathi nokugqoka okungaphezulu;
ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane nezifo;
ukwakheka okuxakile.

Ngokuya esifundeni, izindlela zenzelwe izindlela zokukhulisa amakhabe ekhaya. Ungahola isiko lomhlaba ovulekile, emagumbini okugcina izithombo noma ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo. Ngokuvamile ekhaya enkabeni yeRussia, amakhabe atshalwa ngezithombo. Isikhathi sokutshala sinesibopho sentuthuko, ikakhulukazi lapho kwakhiwa amaqabunga wesihlanu kuya kwesithupha. Ukukhanyisa izithombo kuyadingeka ngesikhathi sokutshala efasiteleni.

Ukukhetha isiza sokufika kubaluleke kakhulu. Isitshalo kumele sikhanye okungenani amahora ayi-10. Uthanda umhlabathi we-watermelon noma umhlabathi we-turf. Ezimweni zasehlobo, ingakhula ngemuva kwe-anyanisi, iklabishi, izitshalo zezimpande, ubhontshisi noma uphizi. Uthanda inhlabathi enesihlabathi. I-watermelon emgodini-wobhede ngokufudumala kwemvelo ikhula kahle. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwehlobo umhlaba ufudumala sekwephuzile phakathi komgwaqo ophakathi nendawo, amakhabe akhula ezindlini zokugcina izithombo nasemaphethelweni afudumele angcono. Ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo lingamasentimitha angama-70, phakathi kwemigqa endaweni evulekile engu-1,4 amamitha.

Emhlabathini ovikelekile, imivimbo ithwalwa ngegiya elibunjiwe kanye nokulengiswa kwezithelo ezithululelwayo ukuze zingaphuli isihlahla ngesisindo sazo. Imvamisa awekho ngaphezu kwamathathu amakhabe ashiywa esitshalweni. Ama-ovari amaningi, isikhathi esithe xaxa sizodingeka sokugcwalisa nokuvuthwa. Kepha emigwaqweni ephakathi neyesenyakatho asikho isikhathi esinjalo.

Ama-watermelons ayaphendula ukuthambisa nokugqoka okuphezulu, kodwa kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izakhi ze-nitrogen ziqongelela ezithelo futhi zonakalise ukunambitheka kwazo. Kuyemukelwa ngokuvamile ukuthi i-nitrate ingondliwa kuphela engxenyeni yokuqala yehlobo, kamuva ngaphansi kwethonya lamandla elanga, le nitrogen izoba nesikhathi sokuguqula izinto ezinosizo. Ukuchelela okuningi kwesitshalo kufanele kuncishiswe njengoba izithelo zithululelwa. Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa, amakhabe awanakuniselwa. Imvamisa, izithelo ekhaya zikhula kancane, kepha ziba zinhle kunalezo ezilethwa ezindaweni ezifudumele.