Izingadi zesifunda saseMoscow zifana nangaseningizimu. AmaBotanists afaka iziqongo zesifunda saseMoscow - izinhlobo ezisetshenziselwa ihlobo, ekwindla nasebusika. Kunezihlahla eziqhakaza kanye namapharele anjengamakholomu angakwazi ukungena endaweni encane. Ukusiza umlimi, sinikeza incazelo yezinhlobo ezithile, kodwa hhayi zonke.
Amabanga okuqala
Izinhlobo zokuqala zamapheya esifundeni saseMoscow zibonakaliswa ngokuzala. Ukuthola isivuno, izihlahla ezi-2-3 kufanele zitshalwe eduzane, kungcono uma esinye sazo sihlukile. Ukuzala, okufakelwa ukungcolisa umoya, kwandisa inani lamaqanda.
Ngokwencazelo yethanga leMarble, ukumelana kwalo nezifo zesikhunta, kufaka phakathi nesibazi, kuyaphawulwa. Umuthi ofinyelela kumamitha amane ubude onomqhele osakazekayo uqala ukuthela iminyaka engu-6-7. Isici sesitshalo ukutshala kwezithelo ngokunisela okunganele. Izithelo ziphakathi ngosayizi nokunambitha, zivuthwe ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti. I-hardness yasebusika ilungile, i-fruiting yonyaka.
Izinhlobonhlobo zingezindlela ezintsha, ezikhula ngokushesha. Umuthi ukhula ube ngu-2,5 m, uqale wakhe ithangi, bese ukhuphuka ngephiramidi. Lokhu kungenye yezinhlobonhlobo zokuqala zesithombe - i-Lada pear ngaphambi kokuvunwa ngoJulayi. Izithelo azinkulu, 90 - 110 g, kepha isivuno singama-40 kg esihlahleni esisodwa somuntu omdala. Ukuthatha izithelo kwenzeka eminyakeni engama-2-4 ngemuva kokutshala.
Izinzuzo zebanga:
- ukuqina kobusika obukhulu;
- ukumelana nokushiswa kwamagciwane, isibazi;
- izimfuno eziphansi zokukhanyisa;
- isivuno esihle.
Izinhlobonhlobo ziyazicwilisa, kepha phambi kweRogneda noma iChizhovskaya, izithelo ziningi. Kwesinye isikhathi kuhlanganiswa okuhlukile kumqhele wesihlahla esikhulu.
Izinhlobonhlobo zivuthwa kusenesikhathi, izithelo zifinyelela ku-250 amagremu, kepha umuthi mude kakhulu futhi ukukhetha izithelo kunzima. Isivuno sokuqala sigcinwa isikhathi esingaphezu kwamaviki ayi-2, izithelo zinambitheka, zinamakha futhi zithengiswa ngokushesha ehlobo lokuqala. Amapharele asetshenziselwa ukulondolozwa, ukulungiswa kwamazambane abunjiwe, amajusi.
I-Fairytale eliphakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo ezinokungazweli kwemvelo kwezintwala nenyongo. Ngemuva kokubanda, umuthi ubuyisela ngokushesha umqhele.
Izinhlobonhlobo lezi zagcotshwa eSouth Ural Research Institute yaseChelyabinsk. Umbhali wezinhlobonhlobo u-E. Falkenberg. I-peas yaseKrasul yafakwa kwiRegista Yombuso ngonyaka we-2002. Umuthi ongafinyelela kumamitha amane ukuphakama unomqhele osasazekayo nobude obuphakathi. Izithelo ezigatsheni zenza kube nzima ukuvuna. Isitshalo siboshelwe kumagilavu, ngonyaka owedlule kanye nokukhula okusha.
Izithelo zeKrasas zingama-90-120 amagremu amancane, ayindilinga. Lapho i-pearl ivuthwa, iba nsundu ngombala ophuzi. Izinhlobonhlobo zenzelwe ukuzalanisa izimboni nemizi yangasese.
Izinzuzo:
- ukukhiqiza okuphezulu;
- ukumelana nesibanda, ukushiswa kwamagciwane, ummbila weparele;
- hardiness ebusika obuhle.
Izinhlobo zokuqala azikwazi ukugcinwa isikhathi eside, zidinga ukuthengiswa okusheshayo noma ukucubungula.
Latehlobo lwehlobo lwehlobo
Izinhlobo ze pear eziqoqwe engxenyeni yesibili ka-Agasti yesiFunda saseMoscow zingaphezulu kokulala.
Izinhlobo zaseNingizimu Ural zazaliselwa emphakathini wabahwebi baseChelyabinsk naseYekaterinburg. Umuthi uphakathi nendawo, uyizindilinga, futhi ungazala kangako. Kudingeka i-pollinator, ngokwesibonelo, iKrasul noma iSeveryanka. Izinhlobonhlobo zimelana neqhwa kakhulu. Ukumelana kwesithwathwa sethanga le-Rainbow kumenyezelwe--37.2, kepha ngokubanda okuncane, izithombo kanye nezihlahla zabantu abadala zithwele i-48.3 ebusika bango-1978-1979.
Izithelo ezinesisindo esingama-140 g ukunambitha zikalwa ngamaphuzu ayi-4,5. Uginindela unoshukela-umnandi, umnandi. Izithelo ezimweni ovuthiwe zingagxila ngaphandle kokuchitha izinsuku eziyi-10, bese ziwohloka. Ukuvunwa kungagcinwa isonto lonke.
Izinzuzo:
- ikhwalithi yezentengiso enhle kakhulu;
- ukuqina kobusika obukhulu;
- ukumelana nezifo nezinambuzane.
Sikweleta ukuvela kwezinhlobonhlobo ezintsha ku-genetics S.P. Yakovlev, onqenqemezela ukunqotshwa kobuningi bendawo ne-Australia Triumph of Pakgama. Esithombeni - pearl Agasti amazolo, kubo bonke ubukhazikhazi bawo.
Isihlahla siphansi, sibumbene, sinomqhele wokukhipha, isilinganiso sisikhulu. Umuthi uqala ukuthela izithelo iminyaka emi-4; izinhlobonhlobo zeMemory of Yakovlev zingasebenza njenge-pollinator.
Izithelo ezinesisindo esingu-120-140 g lapho zikhethwe ziluhlaza, ziphuzi ngokuvuthwa futhi zithole ukuvuvukala okuncane. Impilo yeshelf kuze kufike kumaviki amathathu. Isilinganiso sokunambitheka ngamaphuzu angama-4,6 - 5. Ukuthatha izithelo kujwayelekile. Izinhlobonhlobo z peari ka-Agasti zilwa nesibanda, zithinteka kancane yizinambuzane ezidla amaqabunga. Lapho ugcwala ngokweqile ngezithelo, isihlahla siba buthaka.
Izinhlobonhlobo zindala, ukukhetha kwabantu. Izithelo ezivuthiwe azinazo imbewu ezivuthiwe. Kepha ukuhlukahluka kuthambekele ekuthintekeni yisibazi. Umuthi mude, izithelo zincane, 70-80 g. Izithelo ziyavuthwa ngo-Agasti, zigcinwe isonto. Amapheya iBessemyanka avuthiwe, asala egatsheni, anda ngevolumu, inyama iyawohloka. Izinhlobonhlobo zibekezelela ubusika eduze kwaseMoscow ngokujwayelekile. Isivuno sesihlahla somdala singaba ngu-270 kg.
Amapheya athela izithelo ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti, ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba
Le pearl yahlukaniswa ososayensi baseMosical Agricultural Academy eMosical aqanjwe ngo-K.A. Timiryazev. Umphumela waba yizinhlobonhlobo zomhlaba wonke, ngokuya ngesifunda, kubalwa njengehlobo ngasekupheleni kwehlobo, ekwindla yokuqala, ekwindla. Ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba, izithelo zisuswa lapho kuhlangana khona ehlobo ekwindla. Avuthwe futhi agcinwe ezimweni ezipholile kuze kube izinyanga ezi-3. Isikhumba siphuzi esikhanyayo ngephethini ethandekayo. I-pulp imhlophe, imnandi.
Izinzuzo zeparele eliqondiwe:
- asesabi ubusika baseRussia;
- ukumelana nezifo ezahlukahlukene;
- shesha;
- ukukhiqiza kuze kufike ku-50 kg ngesihlahla ngasinye.
Umuthi ukhula ube ngamamitha ayi-10, uthobekile ekunakekelweni, usetshenziswa emsebenzini wokufuya.
Izithelo ezinkulu nezinambitheka kakhulu zivuthwa ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba, kodwa hhayi zonke. Isikhathi sokuvuthwa sinwetshiwe, kepha izithelo azikhukhumi, futhi ungazisusa emabuntshini. Iparele lejusi elithambile alifanele ukugcinwa. Kungcono ukucubungula isivuno masivune ngokushesha.
I-Pear Egqamile - Izinhlobonhlobo ezimelana nobusika, zitholakala kalula ezifweni zokukhunta. Inokuqina okuhle kwesithwathwa. Ukuthatha izithelo kwenzeka eminyakeni emi-5.
Umuthi omfishane, ongafinyelela kumamitha amathathu ukuphakama, uzokwethula izakhamizi zaseMoscow Region ngoSepthemba ngezithelo ezinhle. Kodwa-ke, amapheya amathenda angagcinwa isikhathi esingaphezu kwesonto. Encazelweni, i-Chizhevsky pear ekhula ngamamitha amathathu iyakwazi ukunikeza isivuno esihle. I-pears ithela izithelo njalo. Isithombo sitshalwa esitokisini esimfushane, eziqhakaza ngonyaka wesithathu. Naphezu kokuzimela okufuniwe, umuthi uboshelwe kangcono kwi-pollinator Lada.
I-Autumn grade of pearl. I-Efimova ebukekayo inohlobo lokuqala lokuqhakaza izithelo. Izinhlobonhlobo zithole umklomelo wegolide ngeminyaka yama-80s ngeledlule kwinkundla yamazwe eJalimane. Izinhlobonhlobo zisatshalaliswa kuyo yonke ingxenye yaseYurophu yeRussia nasezifundeni zeBaltic. Inokunambitheka okubonakalayo kwezithelo eziyi-4,5. Kuhlanganiswe nokumelana nezifo, izinambuzane kanye nokumelana nesimo sezulu.
Izinhlobo zasekwindla zesikhathi eside
Ungamangali uma ungabona amapharele avela engadini yakho etafuleni loNyaka Omusha womnikazi wendlu ehlobo eduze kwaseMoscow. Ungagcina izithelo zezinhlobo zasebusika kuze kube uJanuwari.
Izithelo ezinkulu ezinesisindo esingu-180 amagremu ziphelelwa ujusi lapho zilunywa. Amapharele anephunga elimnandi futhi amnandi, ane-tart engemuva kancane, kepha kufanele asuswe esihlahleni ngokushesha. Iphuli elivuthiwe eliseceleni egatsheni alibambeki. Izinhlobonhlobo zigcinile izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhethwa, futhi zinenzuzo elandelayo:
- ukumelana nesithwathwa kuphezulu, ku -50 kumakhaza ama-3 amaphuzu;
- ethela izithelo, enezithelo eziseqophelweni eliphezulu;
- ngokungakhethi ekwakhekeni kwenhlabathi;
- umuthi omdala ulawula isivuno uqobo, ukuthena akudingeki;
- alonakalanga ngesibazi, simelana nezinambuzane.
I-fruiting ye-pearl yi-Red-face iza ngonyaka we-6-7.
Ekupheleni kukaSepthemba kuphela i-Hera yamaparele iyavuthwa, enikeza umnikazi izithelo zokunambitheka okumangalisayo nosayizi omaphakathi wamagremu angama-200 Inyama emnandi futhi emuncu yombala omhlophe, isakhiwo se-granular yizici ezihlukile zalokhu kwezinhlobonhlobo. Akusekho mapheya aphikelelayo kwisitoreji. La manga izinyanga eziyisi-5 esibayeni esipholile.
IHera eliphakathi kwesihlahla sokuphakama okuphakathi, hhayi obukhulu, ngesimo sephiramidi elincane. Kuqala ukuthela izithelo iminyaka emi-5. Ukuqandeka okuyingxenye, kuze kube ngamaphuzu angama-1.8 kwenzeka lapho izinga lokushisa lehlika ku-38. Izinhlobonhlobo zimelana nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye nesikhunta.
Izinhlobonhlobo zazingafihli inkumbulo yomfuyi osebenza ekudalweni kwayo. Ukuthathwa kwethanga iLyubimitsa Yakovleva kwenzeka iminyaka engu-5-6. Izithelo zihle, zine-bitmap futhi ziyafiphala ngemuva ngemuva obuthambile obuluhlaza. Iphunga le-Quince libonakala ku-aftertaste, kepha ngaphandle kwe-astringency.
Lesi sihlahla sikhula ngokushesha, sikhula kakhulu, silinyazwa eminyakeni emanzi yisibanda. Ukukhiqiza kukhula ngeminyaka, eminyakeni eyi-7 kungama-20-22 kg. Ubusika be-hardness buhle.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi eziningi ezifanelwe ukunakwa abalimi eduze kwaseMoscow.
