Izingoma eziningi zakhiwa mayelana nezihlahla ze-Motherland yethu, kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuthi sisenesihlahla esithi "iculo" elinjengomlotha wentaba waseRussia, njengoba lidume kanjalo. AmaBotanists ayevame ukumthiya ngomlotha wasentabeni. Kodwa-ke, mhlawumbe kwakudingeka kwenziwe ukuthi le ntaba yomlotha evamile ezweni lethu, elisatshalaliswa kulo lonke ihlathi nendawo yamahlathi engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia, kwakulula ukuyihlukanisa kusuka kumashumi amathathu nantathu ezinye izinhlobo zayo, nayo ekhula emahlathini ethu.
Esimweni sezulu esifudumele sembulunga yonke, ochwepheshe babala izinhlobo ezingama-84 nezinhlobo eziningi ze-hybrid zomlotha osezintabeni. Noma kunjalo, i-ash ash esejwayelekile ithatha indawo ehlonishwa kakhulu kulo mndeni omkhulu. Izihlahla zayo ezithambile eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezinomhlobiso oyindilinga, nomqhele nezimbali ezimhlophe entwasahlobo zingabonakala emahlathini amaningi, emigwaqweni, emapaki nasezivandeni zomphakathi zamadolobha, kujantshi wesitimela nemigwaqo emikhulu esezintabeni. Ekwindla, ibonakala ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezithelo ezibomvu-orenji, iziqu zazo ezilengiswa phakathi kwamahlamvu evulekile we-cirrus.
Umlotha wasentabeniUmlotha osezintabeni nawo umelelwa yifomu elivame ukutholakala kumapaki nasezigcawini ezinama drooping, amagatsha ekhala. Le ngenye yezindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokuhlobisa umlotha wasentabeni, okuthi ngaphandle kokukhala, inomqhele oyindilinga nogobongo. Izithelo ezikhanyayo zomlotha osentabeni, eziqala ukuvuthwa ngasekupheleni kwehlobo, zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi amajikijolo, yize ekwakhekeni kwawo kuhambelana nezithelo zesihlahla sama-apula. Ama-apula ama-Rowan, ngalinye lingadluli kumasentimitha, aqoqiwe kuqoqo labaqaphi be-25-40, noma izingcezu ezingama-50. Kuwo ngamunye ama-apula angama-4,5, kanti kwesinye isikhathi imbewu encane eyi-8.
Izithelo zomlotha wezintaba zibukeka ngokungadingekile, kumuncu omuncu, futhi eqandisiwe kuphela ezidliwayo futhi ezimnandi ngokuphelele. Ziqukethe ushukela (amaphesenti ayi-14), i-malic acid, ama-tannins, i-carotene (engaphansi kuka-izaqathi) no-Vitamin C cishe inani elilinganayo nezinaliti ezi-blackcurrant, kalamula noma ze-spruce. Akusikho nje ukuthi izithelo zejamu, izithelo ezi-stewed, i-kvass, uviniga, ukugcwaliswa kwemikhiqizo ye-confectionery kanye ne-tinctures sekuyisikhathi eside kulungiselelwe kusukela izithelo zomlotha wasentabeni.
Ngeke sikhulume ngokuningiliziwe ngomlotha osezintabeni njengesitshalo sokwelapha, njengomthombo wokudla kwezinyoni ngisho nemfuyo. Kepha umuntu ngeke ehluleke ukusho lowo mlotha wentaba nesihlahla sezithelo esibalulekile, nesitoko esihle, futhi kubalulekile njengohlobo oluhambisana nalolu hlangothi. Ikhula ngokushesha eminyakeni yokuqala eyi-15 - 20; eminyakeni elandelayo, ukukhula kwayo kwehla kancane kancane. Izithelo minyaka yonke kusukela eminyakeni engama-8-10 ubudala, ziphila iminyaka engama-200. Ukuvunwa kwezithelo zomuthi owodwa omkhulu kufinyelela kuma-10 centers.
Umlotha wasentabeniUmuntu ngeke asize ngaphandle kokukhumbula izihlobo eziseduze kakhulu zomlotha osezintabeni: umlotha osentabeni waseCrimea, osebhange, noma umlotha wezintaba, ovela emahlathini esifundeni seCarpathian, umlotha wentaba waseSweden ovela eScandinavia. Umlotha wasentabeni unikeza izithelo ezinkulu futhi ezihlwabusayo; ukhule ngokuthanda engadini. Kwaziswa kakhulu ngenxa yezakhiwo zokuphulukisa zezithelo zebhange. Izici zalo zokuphulukisa ziboniswa kwigama lesayensi iSorbus Torminalis. NgesiLatini, elithi “Torminalis” lisho ukuphulukiswa kobuhlungu besisu. Izinkuni eduze kwe-birch muhle kakhulu futhi zihlala isikhathi eside. Izixhumi zefenisha ezisheshayo kakhulu esikhathini esidlule zazisetha ngamathini. IBereka, njengomlotha wentaba waseSweden, iyindlela yokuhlobisa emqheleni wokuqala.
Ngaleso sikhathi, i-I.V. Michurin yanikeza ukubonga okuphezulu kakhulu kumlotha osentabeni, owakhiqiza izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu ngezithelo ezinkulu ezimnandi. Phakathi kwazo kukhona dessert enhle yaseMichurin, utshwala, i-aronia, ihalananda. Manje sezifuywa izingadi eziningi ezihlangene zasepulazini. Uhlobo lomlotha wezintaba luyaphindaphindeka, futhi ngenxa yemizamo yabafuyi beSoviet, izinhlobo zayo ezethembisayo sezikhethiwe, noma umlotha ovamile wasentabeni waseRussia ungalahlekelwa udumo.
Izinto ezisetshenzisiwe:
- S. I. Ivchenko - Incwadi mayelana nezihlahla
