Iqoqo elikhulu kunazo zonke lezitshalo zomndeni we-aroid litholakala engadini yezitshalo yaseMelika eMissouri. Naphezu kweminyaka eminingi yokuqongelela umsebenzi wethimba lososayensi nomsebenzi wokucwaninga oqhubekayo, akukwenzeki ukuthi kutshalwe futhi kukhuliswe bonke abamele ababodwa kule ndawo.
Yebo, mhlawumbe lokhu akunakwenzeka. Ngokwesihlukaniso esikhona, umndeni omkhulu kunayo yonke namuhla ufaka izinhlobo zohlobo lwe-113 kanye nezinhlobo zezinkulungwane ezimbili. Ingxenye eyinhloko yalezi zitshalo, phakathi kwazo kukhona izinhlobo zemithi ezinjengotshani notshani, ama-epiphytes nabahlali bamaxhaphozi, izidalwa ezinwabuzelayo, izinhlobo ezinkulu nezinkulu, zihlala ezindaweni ezisencane nezindawo ezishisayo. Kepha kunezinhlobo zezilwane ezaziwayo ezithanda ukuhlala endaweni enesimo sezulu esijabulisayo, ezihlala ezindaweni ezinobunzima, ezifundeni ezingaphansi komhlaba.
Umlando wokutadisha nokuchazwa kwe-aroid kwaqala ngeNkathi Ephakathi. Owokuqala ukusho izitshalo ngazinye zalo mndeni embhalweni obhaliwe kwakunguTheophrastus, kepha kuze kube ngekhulu leshumi nesithupha kwakungekho mizamo yokuhlukanisa noma yokuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezihlobene zemizamo. Ngo-1789 kuphela, u-Antoine Laurent de Jussier lapho echaza umbono wakhe wemindeni yezitshalo wamemezela ubukhona bezimpawu ezijwayelekile ze-aroid.
Umthelela obalulekile ekwahlukaniseni lo mndeni wenziwa nguHeinrich Wilhelm Schott, owashicilela maphakathi nekhulu le-19 leminyaka imisebenzi eminingi mayelana nalokhu. Kepha indlela kaSchott yayisuselwa ekufaneni kwangaphandle, ngakho-ke, ngo-1876 futhi kamuva, ngo-1920, uhlelo lwathola ukucolisiswa okuningi ngokususelwa ekwakhekeni kwezitshalo kanye nabanye abalingiswa be-morphological. Kuyamangaza ukuthi ososayensi abasakwazi ukufeza ubumbano, ngakho-ke izitshalo nezinhlobo eziningi kwesinye isikhathi zishintsha ukuzihlanganisa kwazo namagama azo.
Ngakho-ke ziyini izitshalo ezingafani? Iziphi izici ezijwayelekile abanazo, futhi yiziphi izinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu ngabatshali bezimbali, ezigxile emasikweni wokuhlobisa ngaphakathi?
Izitshalo ze-Aroid: yini?
Izitshalo eziningi zomndeni we-aroid zihlukaniswa ngokungabikho ngokuphelele kweziqu zeqiniso, imisebenzi yazo yenziwa ngama-rhizomes aguquliwe. Okuwukuphela kwento eyingqayizivele ngama-lianas, ngenxa yezimpande eziphakeme kakhulu zomhlaba ezikhuphuka kalula ezindaweni eziphakeme futhi zibambe izitshalo ezinkulu ukuze zihlale.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi izimpande zasemoyeni ezinje, njengolunye uhlobo lwe-epipremnum, azisizi kuphela ukugcina amahlumela amade, kepha futhi zondla isitshalo, zidonsa umswakama osemkhathini, futhi zibangelwa uma kungenzeka.
Ngakho-ke, lapho kukhula izitshalo zasendlini ezingafani, azisuswa ngandlela thile, kodwa, kunalokho, ezisetshenziselwa ukondla nokugcina ukusebenza kwamahlumela amade.
Amaqabunga ezitshalo zasendle nezasendlini azakhekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinhlotsheni eziningi, kubhekwa i-petiole ebunjiwe, kanti amapuleti amaqabunga athambile ngobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, imibala nobukhulu, njengakuwo umhlaba othole ukuqashelwa emhlabeni wonke, owethulwe esithombeni sesitshalo se-iroid okuthiwa i-caladium. Ngaphezu kwamaqabunga aphelele anemibala, kwelinye elingafani nalinye, umuntu angathola amapuleti ahlakaniphile, ahlanganisiwe, ahlukaniswe ngendlela engahlelekile futhi ahlelekile ngendlela engajwayelekile.
Ngenxa yokwehluka nokugqama okunjalo, abamele umndeni bakhombisa ukuthakazela izitshalo zasendlini nezokuhlobisa.
Ngokuqondene nokuqhakaza, ngokungafani namahlamvu, amafomu anqabile, akukho ukwahluka. Zonke izitshalo ezi-aroid, noma ngabe ziyizinhlobo zasendlini noma ezikhula ngokwemvelo, zakha i-inflorescence ngesimo sezindlebe ezinezimbali ezincane ezihlelwe kahle kakhulu. Ngasikhathi sinye, umugqa phakathi kwezimbali zowesilisa nowesifazane ubonakala ngokucacile kwi-cob. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izinhlobo, izimbali zi-bisexual.
Ngesakhiwo esijwayelekile sama-inflorescences, ukubukeka kwawo nosayizi kungahluka kakhulu, futhi iningi lawo livame ukunikeza umbono wembali enkulu eyodwa, abadukisi abathanda izitshalo ezifuywayo, kanye nezinambuzane ezivumbulula inflorescence enjalo.
I-Perianth inika i-inflorescence yokuhlobisa neyimbali-efana ne-inflorescence, kuya ngohlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo, ezinemibala ehlukahlukene, bobukhulu nosayizi. Izimbali zivame ukumangaza kakhulu. Futhi abantu abangabekelwe ikakhulukazi izitshalo ze-Ariid babuza: "Yini?" Eqinisweni, lokhu akuyona i-orchid exotic, noma ukudalwa okunekhono kwekhono lobucwebe, kepha kuyi-anaphillum inflorescence evela eNdiya.
Le inflorescence enkulu, eye yawela kwiNcwadi yamaRekhodi, ingeyo-amorphophallus enkulu. Usayizi wecob, ohlanganisa izimbali eziyizinkulungwane ezinhlanu, kuleli cala ufinyelela kumamitha angama-2-3 futhi uphuma phezulu ngaphezu kwe-perianth ye-injongo.
Kwi-inflorescence ye-pistil, izimbali zincane kakhulu, ziyizi-5-9 kuphela, futhi osayizi lapha awudluli ku-10 mm. Cishe i-inflorescence ecishe ifane futhi inika olunye uhlobo lwesitshalo se-aroid - i-ragweed.
Ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezitshalo ezingokwemvelo ezenzeka ngaphakathi nezangaphakathi, i-perianth ngokwengxenye noma ifihla ngokuphelele izindlebe, yenza umsebenzi wokuzivikela futhi, ngasikhathi sinye, idonsela ukunaka kwezinambuzane zokuvunguza impova ku-inflorescence.
Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwahamba kakhulu kangangokuba kwavela izitshalo ngama-tralets-traps, okuvumela ukugcina izinambuzane eduze kwezimbali zabesifazane, kuze kube yilapho inqubo yokuvota iphothulwe ngempumelelo.
Inkohliso eyingqayizivele yezinambuzane ayikhawulwanga kwifomu elikhethekile le-bedpread noma imibala yalo egqamile, njengase -anturium, isitshalo esisetshenziswa endlini, igama nesithombe saso saziwa kahle ngabatshali bezimbali.
Ezinye izitshalo emndenini omkhulu zikhiqiza iphunga elikhangayo. Isibonelo salokhu ama-callas athandwa abaningi.
Kepha kukhona izitshalo eziheha iqembu elithile labathutha impova - izimpukane. Ngakho-ke, lezi zinhlobo kufanele zisebenzise izindlela nezinyathelo ezingalindelekile ngokuphelele. Isici esingavamile salabo abaqhelekile yikhono lokukhuphula izinga lokushisa kwendlebe liye ku-30-45 ° C, okuthi ukusuka ebusweni obufudumele bezimbali, izinto ezinephunga elimnandi ziqale ukukhipha amandla, zisakaze iphunga elinamandla endaweni amahora amaningi.
Le ndlela "isetshenziswa" hhayi kuphela yi-titanic amorphophallus esivele ishiwo, kodwa futhi nangeSymplocarpus foetidus, iHelicodiceros muscivorus kanye ne-Sauromatum venosum, okuqhakaza kwayo okukhonjiswe esithombeni. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi, yize kunephunga, lesi sitshalo se-aroid siyisiko lamagumbi, elidumile phakathi kwabathandi bezinhlobo ezihlukile.
Ngasikhathi sinye, kubalulekile ukuba abalimi abathanda lo mndeni bakhumbule ukuthi izitshalo zasendlini ezinobuthi zinobuthi. Kuzo zonke izingxenye zesitshalo, kusuka kuzilimo eziyizigaxa, ama-rhizomes neziqu, kuya emaqabungeni nakuma-inflorescences, kutholakala i-calcium oxalate, enomthelela obukhali ocasulayo esikhunjeni naselukhunjini lwe-mucous.
Ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene, ukuqoqwa kwalesi zinto kungahluka, kepha lapho unakekela izitshalo ezingaphakathi endlini, njengasesithombeni, ezihambisana nokuxhumana ngqo, kungcono ukusebenzisa amagilavu, kuthi ngemuva kokuqeda umsebenzi, ugeze izandla.
Izithombe namagama ezitshalo zasekhaya ze-Ariid
Ngenxa yokubukeka okumangazayo, izinhlobonhlobo eziningi zezihlukanisiwe izitshalo zasendlini ezijabulela uthando lwebutho eliningi lezigadi zabalimi be-amateur.
Phakathi kwezithombe eziningi namagama ezitshalo zasendlini zomndeni we-Aroid, ama-discoisseurs ngokuqinisekile azophawula abanturium ngamabhuloksi omnyama acwebezelayo wayo yonke imithunzi ebubende, obomvu, opinki, manje futhi omhlophe.
Izinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo zama-spathiphyllums, ahlukahlukene ngosayizi wezitshalo uqobo kanye nama-inflorescence amhlophe amahle, athokozela uthando oluqotho lwabalimi.
Ama-monsters, ama-philodrendrons nezinhlobo ezinkulu ze-alocasia adonsela ukunaka ngamahlamvu angajwayelekile ngokweqile, kodwa, ukuze akhule izilimo ezinjalo, umlimi kuzofanele akhethe igumbi elinobubanzi, ngoba amasampula amakhulu angakhombisa ubuhle beqiniso. Kepha ama-alocasias amancane afanelekile ngaphakathi kwendlu yokuhlala ngaphakathi nasendlini yomphakathi.
U-Aglaonema akanawo amaqabunga aqoshiwe futhi akaqhamuki ngokuqhakaza, kodwa iphalethi yanoma yimuphi umdwebi izodonsela imibala imibala wamahlamvu akhe anjengokwenhliziyo.
Kungashiwo okufanayo ngamaqabunga wesitshalo esingaphakathi sendlu njenge-caladium.
Ngokungezelela emidondosheni enamamitha amaningi, nezitshalo ezilungele ukukhula kumabhodwe angaphakathi, umndeni ubuye ube nobude bangempela. Isibonelo, isibhamu isitshalo esifunwa ngabantu abathanda i-aquarium, nerosette ububanzi engadluli ku-10-15 cm.
Isiko lamagumbi athandwayo yiSyngonium. Lesi sitshalo esikhula ngokushesha esivela emndenini we-aroid, sakha amahlumela anamaqabunga amahle. I-Syngonium iyathakazelisa ngendlela ebabazekayo yamahlamvu nombala wayo oxubekile, oguquka ngokuthuthuka kwesitshalo.
Ekhuluma ngalo mndeni, umuntu ngeke asize ngaphandle kokuthi akhumbule i-Dieffenbachia, esephenduke isiko lobumba zakudala futhi engashiyanga ukuqoqwa kwabatshali bezimbali iminyaka eminingi. Ukuvela kwezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene kusiza ukugcina ukuthandwa, njengasesithombeni nokunakekelwa okulula kwesitshalo esingaphakathi se-renid.
Abatshali be-Rafidophore abanamahlamvu amancane aveza okusobala kanye namahlumela amade akwaziyo ukukhuphuka cishe ezindongeni ezingenamuntu namanje awadumile kangako.
Izinhlobo eziningi zazihlose futhi zisetshenziswe ngokuzimela kwezimbali zasendlini, ezimelelwa izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo eziningi. Kepha ngezinhlobonhlobo eziningi kangako, ezihlukanayo emvelweni ziphila ezimweni ezifanayo, ngakho-ke, ukuzishiya kunemicimbi esondele kakhulu.
I-Android: isithombe nokunakekelwa ekhaya
Zonke izitshalo ezingaphakathi endlini azikubekezeleli ushintsho olungazelelwe lokushisa, futhi zisabela emifudlaneni yomoya obandayo, ngokwesibonelo, kusukela kokusalungiswa, okunamabala endaweni yamahlamvu kanye nokwehla kwe-turgor yengxenye yomoya. Uma isiko selibe kumakhaza isikhathi eside, lingalahla amahlamvu, kuthathe ukupholisa njengokuqala kwenkathi yobusika.
Uma ngesikhathi sasehlobo abantu abangama-aroid badinga ukuthambisa kaningi futhi kuningi, futhi ezinye izinhlobo zikhona kahle endaweni yasemanzini, khona-ke ebusika kunciphisa ukuthambisa. Ukunisela okunobuhlakani unyaka wonke kuyadingeka kuphela eZamiakulcas.
Zonke izitshalo ezivela kulo mndeni zifuna enhlabathini. Kufanele kube lula, kube nokukhululeka, kuvunyelwe kahle kuwo womabili amanzi nomoya-mpilo. Lapho ukhetha ingxube yezitshalo, amagxolo e-coniferous, abiliswe ngaphambili futhi ahlukaniswe ngocingo, kakhukhunathi we-coconut, i-sphagnum ne-perlite, kanye nesihlabathi ne-peat, kuyasetshenziswa.
Ehlobo, izitshalo ezihlukile kulelo gumbi zihlelelwa ukuze izilwane ezifuywayo zibe nokukhanya okuningi, kepha imisebe yelanga ayishisanga amahlamvu namanzi neziqu. Ebusika, ukukhanya okuningi kuyadingeka, futhi nokuntuleka kwayo kokusebenzisa izibani zokwenziwa.
Propagate Izinhlobo zomndeni we-aroid. indlela elula yezindlela zezitshalo, isibonelo, ama-tubers endodakazi, afana ne-alocasia, noma ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla, njenge-spathiphyllum.
Ngasikhathi sinye, ungakhohlwa ubuthi bezitshalo zasendlini ezi-Ariid, ezingancomi ukuthi zibeke endaweni efinyeleleka izingane ezincane kanye nezilwane ezifuywayo ezihlala endlini.
