Isitshalo esishisayo saseGloriosa (Gloriosa) simele umndeni we-melanthia (Melanthiaceae). Kutholakala ngemvelo ezindaweni ezishisayo zaseNingizimu Afrika nase-Asia. Igama lesi sitshalo livela egameni lesiLatini "gloria" - inkazimulo, ngakho-ke ibizwa nangokuthi "imbali yenkazimulo."
I-rhizome of gloriosa iyi-tuber, amahlumela ayo acwebile aphakama, abambelela ezintuthwaneni. Amacembe aluhlaza aqhakazile anesimo se-llongolate oblong, esiqwini singabekwa maqondana nomunye noma izingcezu ezi-3. Izinyawo ezinde zisezandleni zamaqabunga aphezulu. Phezu kwazo kukhona izimbali ezimbili ezakhiwa amacembe amaningana ngendlela yeminduze.
Ngokuqondile ngaphansi kwembali kunama-perianths we-10 cm lilinye, anombala okhanyayo we-orange onenhlaka ephuzi emaphethelweni. Ngemuva kokuphela kwembali, i-perianth nayo iyavala.
I-Gloriosa idume ngokubizwa ngokuthi i-lily of the fire, lily of fame noma i-lily ekhuphukayo ngenxa yokuthi iguqula umbala ngenkathi uqhakaza usuka ophuzi uye kubomvu ocebile. Ngaso leso sikhathi, imbali evuthiwe icishe ifane nomlilo, lapho kuvunguza umoya. Isitshalo sinenkathi ende yezimbali ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo kanye nehlobo, futhi ama-buds afile asheshe athathelwe indawo amasha. Isiqu esisodwa singaba nama-buds amane kuya kwangama-7.
Ukunakekelwa kukaGloriosa ekhaya
Indawo nokukhanyisa
UGloriosa udinga ukukhanyiswa okuhle, kepha kuwindi laseningizimu udinga ukudala umthunzi, ikakhulukazi ehlobo. Indawo enhle kakhulu yakhe kuzoba ama-sill efasitela asempumalanga noma asentshonalanga, futhi ehlobo imbali ibekwa kahle kakhulu kuvulandi.
Ukushisa
Izinga lokushisa elilungile le-gloriosa lingama-20-25 degrees Celsius, kukuleli banga ukuthi lizizwa lihle kusuka entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla yokuqala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sitshalo sinesikhathi esishisayo lapho ishubhu saso sizodinga ukugcinwa endaweni epholile emnyama emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-12 degrees.
Ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo, lapho kuvela amahlumela amasha ku-tuber, isitshalo sidinga ukukhulisa izinga lokushisa kwalo kancane kancane. Ukushintshwa okubukhali kokubusa akumele kuvunyelwe: kusuka kokupholile kuya kokushisa ngaso leso sikhathi - lokhu kungonakalisa imbali.
Umswakama womoya
Ukuze uqinisekise izinga elanele lomswakama ku-gloriosa, ungangeza ubumba olunwetshiwe noma amatshe ayisijana epanini lokuthosa bese ugcwalisa ingxenye ngamanzi. Isitshalo esithanda umswakama siyasiza ukufafaza njalo ngamanzi afudumele egumbini lokushisa. Kulokhu, amaconsi akufanele awele kulimi oluvulekile.
Ukunisela
Izimbali ezinisela kakhulu kuphela entwasahlobo nasehlobo. Amanzi walokhu azodinga ukugcizelelwa kahle. Ngaphambi kokunisela, inhlabathi kumele yome ngaphezulu, kepha ukomisa ngokuphelele akwamukeleki. Lapho kuqala ekwindla, lapho amaqabunga eqala ukuphenduka ophuzi, ukuchelela kuncishisiwe, futhi ebusika, indawo yokuhlala ayixutshwa nakancane.
Inhlabathi
UGloriosa ukhula kahle emhlabathini ogcwele izakhi: umhlabathi we-humus kanye namaqabunga ngesilinganiso 2: 1 ngokufakwa kwe-peat noma isihlabathi kufanelekile impela.
Umanyolo kanye nomanyolo
Izinhlobo zomanyolo zishintshwa kakhulu phakathi komunye nomunye: amaminerali okuqala abese e-organic. Imvamisa yokugqoka okuphezulu cishe izikhathi ezi-2 ngenyanga.
Ukufakelwa
Lapho nje kuphela isikhathi sokuphela, i-gloriosa tuber izodinga ukufakelwa kwenye indawo entsha. Ibekwa ngokuqondile emhlabathini, ifafazwe ngenhla nge-2-3 cm.
Ingxenye ethambile futhi ebukhali yesitshalo ibhekwa njengebhubhu, kufanele ivikelwe kunoma yimuphi umonakalo. Ikakhulu ngokucophelela udinga ukuqapha ubuqotho bendlela yokukhula eyodwa ekugcineni okuyindilinga ye-tuber, ngaphandle kwayo imbali izokufa. Ngokungafani nezinye ezinamakhaza amakhulu, ama-gloriosa amasha awakwazi ukukhula ngengxenye yawo ehlukile.
Imbiza yokutshala efaneleka kakhulu isitsha sobumba esibanzi, esingashisi. Izitsha zepulasitiki azinconywa. Ukudonsa amanzi okuhle nakho kufanele.
Ukufakelwa kwenziwa ngasebusika nasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo. Inhlabathi ngemuva kwalokhu kumele ivuthwe njalo, futhi ibanga lokushisa lokuqukethwe lisezingeni lama-degree angama-15-20. Lapho nje amaqabunga aluhlaza eqala ukubonakala ngaphezulu, isitshalo sesijwayela ukukhanya kancane.
Izici ze-gloriosa ezikhulayo
Njengawo wonke ama-creepers, ama-gloriosa asencane anconyelwa ngokushesha ukuba aboshelwe esisekelweni, ngoba amaqabunga aphansi kungenzeka angabi nazo i-antennae, okusho ukuthi lesi sitshalo sizolahlekelwa amandla okugoba. Ucingo oluncane noma imihlanga ilungile njengezinto ezisekelayo. Amasendimitha amakhulu amakhulu asetshenziswa kangcono njengefreyimu.
NgoMeyi noJuni, lesi sitshalo sinesikhathi sokukhula kakhulu: ihlumela lingafinyelela ku-1-2 m ukuphakama. Ukwenza imbali ibukeke ithandeka ngobuhle, awukwazi ukubopha isiqu kuphela, kodwa futhi usigobele phansi ngokucophelela.
Isikhathi sokuphumula
Izimpawu zokuqala ukuthi i-dormancy iqala ku-gloriosa ukupenda amaqabunga kanyeokomisa isiqu. Imvamisa iqala ngoSepthemba, manje awudingi ukunisela i-tuber. Ubungako bezitshalo ezimpande buxhomeke embusweni wokunisela: uma ngabe miningi, khona-ke ama-tubers akhula kahle, uma umswakama unganele, mancane, ngokuphambene nalokho.
Kunezindlela ezimbili zokugcina izitshalo zezimpande:
- Ubusika bonke, bushiye ebhodweni elifanayo, ungasusuli enhlabathini, ugcine endaweni emnyama enamazinga okushisa egumbi, kude nezinhlelo zokushisa. NgoFebhuwari noma ngoMashi, tshala emgodini omusha. Ngale ndlela yokugcina, i-tuber iyavela emva kwezinsuku eziyi-14.
- Izingxenye ezingaphansi kwembali zingasuswa enhlabathini endala bese zibekwa ebhokisini elinenhlabathi noma ngesihlabathi esomile sekwindla nobusika bonke. Isembozo sebhokisi sizodinga ukuvalwa ngokuqinile bese sifakwa esiqandisini, lapho kufanele sigcinwe khona emazingeni okushisa angama-8 kuye kwayi-12 degrees.
Kulokhu, i-tuber ngemuva kokufakelwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo izophila isikhathi eside kunangesiqalo sokuqala. Kepha lokhu akufanele kube yisizathu sokukhathazeka.
Ukusakazeka kukaGloriosa
Ukusakazeka kweTuber
Kungcono ukusabalalisa i-gloriosa usebenzisa izingxenye ze-tuber. Ihlukaniswe ngommese obukhali ezingxenyeni eziningana futhi kufafazwe kahle nge-charcoal powder. Uma isitshalo esidala sezimpande sinezingane, khona-ke zimane zihlukaniswe ngobunono kwisitshalo sikamama futhi sitshalwe ezimbizeni ezihlukile. Amathangi awo akhethwa ngobubanzi be-13 kuya ku-16 cm, futhi inhlabathi ingahlanganiswa ngokuhlukile engxenyeni yomhlaba we-turfy, izingxenye ezi-2 zeqabunga ne-humus nengxenye yesihlabathi. Indawo okuyiyo kuphela yokukhula ekujikelezeni isitshalo esiyimpande kufanele ibekwe phezulu, bese kuthi ishubhu ngokwayo imbozwe ungqimba wesentimitha amathathu.
Isitshalo esitshalwe kabusha sizokhula kangcono emazingeni okushisa angama-22 kuye kwangama-24. Ungaqala ukuchelela kuphela ngemuva kokuluma amahlumela amasha. Iziqu ezibuthakathaka zingcono kakhulu ukunikeza ngokushesha ukwesekwa ngendlela yezinduku ezacile. Njengoba uhlelo lwempande lwe-gloriosa lukhula, lesi sitshalo sizodinga imbiza enkulu noma ngisho nokufakelwa emhlabathini ovulekile.
Ukusakazwa kwembewu
Indlela yembewu yokusakazwa kwe-gloriosa nayo ingasetshenziswa, udinga kuphela ukubekezela. Ukuthola imbewu, izimbali kufanele zithunyelwe impova ngokuzimela kusetshenziswa ukotini. Ukuzingcolisa okunjalo kuzoholela ekwakhekeni kwe-ovary.
Akufanele ukugcina imbewu isikhathi eside, kodwa kungcono ukuyingcwaba ngokushesha emhlabathini, okubandakanya i-peat, inhlabathi enesisekelo nesihlabathi ngokwesilinganiso esingu-1: 1: 1. Dala i-mini-greenhouse ngesimo sezulu esingaguquki, gcina amazinga okushisa okungenani angama-22 degrees futhi uvule umoya wokufika njalo. Ihlume izithombo ngokushesha nje lapho zikhula, zinqunu bese zingena ezitsheni ezihlukile. Izimbali zokuqala zivele kuzo emva kweminyaka emithathu.
Izinkinga ezikhulayo, izifo kanye nezinambuzane
- Amaqabunga amasha nezimbali akuveli isikhathi eside - ukukhanya okuncane, ukulimala kwe-tuber noma i-hypothermia.
- Amacembe aba ngamavila futhi amnyama, iziqu zayeka ukunweba - izinguquko ezibukhali zokushisa.
- Amacembe aphenduka aphuzi futhi izinhlungu zawo zomile - kunokukhanya okuncane emhlabathini nasemoyeni.
- Amaqabunga aphenduka aphuzi ezisekelweni, ezinqenqemeni futhi ezinenkani - ukubhala amanzi, ukubola kwezingxenye ezingaphansi komhlaba.
- Ihamba nge-coating emhlophe - umswakama omningi kakhulu wemvelo nenhlabathi, noma womisa i-coma yobumba.
IGloriosa ivame ukutheleleka kakhulu ngezinambuzane ezikalwa ngama-aphid.
Izici ezinobuthi ze-gloriosa
Yonke i-melantium enobuthi. IGloriosa ingaba yingozi uma izingxenye zayo zingena emgodini wokugaya ukudla. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukubeka lesi sitshalo ekhaya ngaphandle kwezilwane nezingane, futhi ngemuva kokuxhumana nayo, geza izandla zakho kahle.
