Emvelweni, kuhlala kukhona umzabalazo wesikhala nokudla. Akunabanqobi kule mpi. Ukulingana kwebhayoloji kumane kusungulwa lapho abamele abazuzayo befauna bebamba ijubane lokukhiqizwa kwezinambuzane. Futhi izinambuzane ezinjalo, ngokuvamile abamele izidlo ezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane, ziyakwazi ukubhubhisa izindawo ezinkulu ngemifino, okusanhlamvu nezithelo zezithelo ngosuku. Emasimini atshaliwe, abanikazi beqiniso bezingadi nezingadi zasekhishini baqala ukulwa nezinambuzane ezinjalo ngezindlela zabo. Kulesi sisetshenziswa, sethula kuwe izinambuzane eziyisithupha eziyingozi kakhulu zezilimo ezingadini nezindlela zokulwa nazo.
1. Imikhaza - izilokazane ezinamandla amakhulu
Phakathi kwemikhaza, izibungu zesicabucabu esidume kakhulu nezijwayelekile (ITetranychidae) Ezinhlotsheni ezingama-50 000, ezingaphezu kuka-1,250 zitholakala yonke indawo, kufaka phakathi i-Antarctica. Izikhala zesicabucabu zingama-arachnids amancane kakhulu. Abesilisa bangama-0.3-0.6 mm, abesifazane kuze kube ngu-1,0 mm. Umzimba wesicabucabu umbuthano uyindilinga, embozwe ngosethi ezincane, ngesinye isikhathi warts microscopic. Ekhanda kukhona izimbambo ezimbili zamehlo, imishini yokuncela umlomo. Imilenze enezinhlamvu ezinhlanu. Umbala womzimba wesicabucabu uhlukahluka futhi kuya ngombala womsingathi omkhulu. Ngokuvamile, imikhaza inombala obomvu, oluhlaza okotshani, onsomi, ophuzi, oluhlaza okotshani.
Ngokubhoboza izicubu, isicabucabu simunca okuqukethwe kweselula.
Isikhala sesicabucabu esijwayelekile (iTetranychus urticae). © Gilles San MartinIzinga le-Spider Mite Danger Level
Izikhala zesicabucabu, ngokuhlalisa lesi sitshalo, ziyakwazi ukukuqeda ngokuphelele ezinsukwini ezi-3. Ukudonswa kwemikhaza, kuhambisana nesivinini sokukhiqizwa kabusha (kusuka ekubumbeni kuya kumuntu omdala kuthatha izinsuku eziyi-7), ezimeni ezifanele zemvelo kubangela ukulimala ngokoqobo kwesisindo seqabunga lezitshalo eziluhlaza ezingasoze zavela futhi kufanele kubhujiswe.
Ukuzivikela emvelweni, imikhaza iluka indawo yazo yokuhlala ngewebhu elincanyana (hhayi zonke izinhlobo). Bahlala emakoloni ngaphansi kwamaqabunga, izigaxa zomhlaba. Amaqanda angaphansi kweminyaka engu-5 ubudala asasebenza.
Yiziphi izilimo ezithinta imikhaza?
Zonke izinhlobo zemikhaza zingamalungu eqembu lezilokazane eziyingozi zezitshalo zasendle nezepaki. Izinambuzane zihlala kuzo zonke izitshalo, kubandakanya nezimbali nezitshalo zasendlini. Baheha ikakhulukazi kuzo zonke izithelo, ama-sitrobheli, ubhontshisi, u-anyanisi, i-jasmine, ama-roses. Kwazo eziqhakaza izimbali, i-begonia, gladioli, ama-tulips, ama-hyacinths, ama-orchid nezinye.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zomonakalo wesitshalo ngamakhaza
Eqabunga lesitshalo esinegciwane (ngokukhanyayo) amabala anemibala ephuzi, izimbobo ezincane, iminonjana yesiliva (ama-cobwebs), ukuvela kwesitshalo, ukuvela kweqabunga leqabunga kuyabonakala. Ukulimala kwezitshalo ngesikhala sesicabucabu kuvame ukuba yi-epiphytotic.
Isitshalo se-spider mite. © Jaakko LaurilaIzindlela Zokulawula Izimpawu
Zokuzivikela, amakhemikhali, begazi.
Ukuze ube nesikhathi sokusindisa izitshalo ezithintekile, ikakhulukazi ngaphakathi futhi zikhula emhlabathini ovulekile, kudingeka ukuthi kuhlolwe izitshalo ngendlela ehlelekile. Uma usolwa ukuthi ungenwe yimikhaza (ikakhulukazi izilimo eziqhakazayo), phatha izitshalo nge-pyrethrum noma ngemikhiqizo yemvelo i-Iskra-bio, Akarin, Fitoverm.
Ezimweni zomonakalo omkhulu wezilimo ezi-horticultural ngama-spider izimbuzane (ezinsukwini ezingama-30- 35 ngaphambi kokuvunwa), izitshalo zingafafazwa nge-karbofos, i-celtan, i-difocol, i-telly kanye nezinye izidakamizwa zezenzo zokuthinta amathumbu. Isibabule se-Colloidal sisetshenziswa ezindlini zokugcina izithombo.
Bona imininingwane yethu eningiliziwe: izibungu yizinambuzane zasengadini e-herbivorous.
Bona ikhasi elilandelayo ngohlu lwezilokazane eziyingozi kakhulu.
