Ukufuya onogwaja kuheha nethuba lokuthola inzalo, isisindo esisheshayo nezikhumba ezisezingeni eliphezulu zoboya. Izinhlobo zohlobo lomvundla ezikhona namuhla zihlukaniswe ngesimo nenyama, uboya noma uboya nokuhlobisa.
Ngokwesisindo, onogwaja basekhaya ingaba:
- enkulu, isisindo sowesilisa osemdala wedlula ama-6 kg;
- ngokwesilinganiso, isisindo sezilwane ezinjalo sisebangeni le-3 kuya ku-6 kg;
- ezincane, lezi yizilwane ezinesisindo esisuka ku-2 kuya ku-3 kg;
- fishfish, enesisindo esingu-1 kuya ku-2 kg.
Onogwaja bayahluka ngobude nangekhwalithi yengubo, umbala, isilinganiso sokukhula kanye nenani lomvundla kulitha. Ngemuva kokutadisha izincazelo zezinhlobo zohlobo lwe-rabi, izithombe zabamele abahamba phambili bezimpawu zokuzalela, ungathola umbono wenketho etholakalayo bese uthola izilwane ezihamba phambili zekhemisi yakho.
Emnothweni wasekhaya, izinhlobo zenyama zohlobo lomvundla zivame ukuzalaniswa. Izilwane ezinjengalezi zakha ngokushesha izicubu zemisipha futhi, lapho ihlatshwa, inesivuno esihle senyama edliwayo. Ezinye zezilwane ziveliswa ngokulingana okuhle kakhulu.
Unogwaja Omhlophe Omhlophe
Phakathi konogwaja abakhulu, izalukazi elidume kakhulu livela eJalimane naseBelgium, lapho abafuyi bomvundla bekwazile ukukhulisa izilwane ezingaveli nje kuphela ebusheni obumhlophe ngokuphelele, kodwa futhi ngosayizi obukhulu obukhulu. Ukuzalelwa konogwaja I-White Giant sekuyisikhathi eside ingena emkhakheni waseRussia futhi emashumini eminyaka edlule kuguqulwe kabusha ukuze kulinywe ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima kakhulu kunaseNtshonalanga Yurophu.
Umuntu omdala uthola isisindo bukhoma kuze kube ngu-7 kg, kuyilapho imfuyo ikhuliselwe hhayi inyama kuphela, kodwa futhi nezikhumba ezisezingeni eliphezulu.
Ngemuva kokusika isidumbu, umfuyi onogwaja uthola cishe ama-3-4 kg enyama edliwayo. Ekhakheni, lokhu kuzalanisa kwemivundla kuzala kahle. Imvamisa kuzingane kukhona onogwaja ababalelwa kwabangu-11 abakulungele ukuya enyameni esevele izinyanga ezingama-2-2 ezelwe.
Unogwaja Flandre noma uBelgian Giant
Uma eyodwa endala, kodwa engalahlekanga ukuhambisana kwayo, ukuzalaniswa konogwaja namuhla kuyinyumba noma isiqhwaga saseBelgian. Yize lezi zilwane zihlukaniswa ngemizimba yazo eqinile, kanti ukuzalaniswa uqobo kunguku-meaty, ngenxa yempilo enobungane yalezi zilwane, onogwaja abakhulu bavame ukugcinwa endlini njengomngane nesilwane esifuywayo.
Umlando wohlobo lweflander olukhonjiswe esithombeni uneminyaka engaphezu kwamakhulu amane. Futhi awukwazi ukubiza amagama okhokho balezi zilwane. Kepha emashumini eminyaka adlule, umsebenzi wabafuyi abangaziwa abavela eFlanders awuzange ulahlekelwe noma ulahlekelwe, kepha usetshenziswa ngenkuthalo eYurophu, e-USA naseRussia. Emapulazini amakhulu wesimanje nasezindlini zamapulazi ezizimele, kukhuliswa imigqa eminingana yemigwaqo emikhulu yaseBelgian.
Ezincane kunazo zonke yizilwane ezikhula zize zifike ku-6 kg, futhi abameleli abanamandla wohlobo oluhle bangaba nesisindo esingama-10-12 kg.
Izilwane ezifuywayo zingahle zibe nombala ohlukile, kepha ijazi lihlala liqinile, liqinile, linenqwaba efinyelela ku-30 mm ubude.
Riesen onogwaja
Onogwaja abakhulu abavela eBelgium babedumile futhi bazalaniswa kulo lonke elaseYurophu, kodwa ekugcineni kwabafuyi be-XIX eJalimane bakwazi ukukhuluma ngokubonakala konogwaja babo abakhulu. Ngakho-ke kwenziwa kabusha izinhlobo zonogwaja baseRiesen, okusho ukuthi "omkhulu" ekuhumusheni.
Lezi yizilwane ezinkulu kakhulu ezikhona namuhla. Isisindo sowesilisa singafinyelela ku-12 kg nangaphezulu, kuyilapho kungemukelwa inyama kuphela, kepha noboya obumfishane obukhulu bemibala ehlukene. Izilwane ezifuywayo zinamadlebe amakhulu, imilenze ebanzi nomzimba omkhulu. Ngenxa yesisindo sazo, onogwaja baseRiesen bahlala bekhexile, kodwa benobuhle futhi bekhaliphile.
Onogwaja bazala iGrey Giant
Onogwaja abakhulu baseBelgian abavela e-USSR ngemuva kwempi kwaveza imigqa emisha yokukhethwa kwezivakashi. Imfuyo yasendaweni yayisetshenziselwa ukuthola inzalo engenasizotha, eqinile futhi eningi, futhi isivakashi naphesheya kwezilwandle sasinika onogwaja ngosayizi nesisindo. Ngenxa yalokhu, enye inzalo yenyama yomvundla, iGrey Giant, yabhaliswa. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1952, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, abafuyi bezinja baseRussia bebelokhu besebenza ngenkuthalo impumelelo yezesayensi.
Izilwane zalolu hlobo lokuzalela ezifanele ukuzalaniswa zinesiqu esikhulu eside, imilenze eqinile nekhanda elikhulu. Ngokwesilinganiso, unogwaja osemdala unesisindo kusuka ku-4 kuya ku-7 kg.
Ipileji alinakubizwa ngokuthi likhulu, ngakho-ke lokhu kuzalaniswa kwama-rabi akukusetshenziselwa ukuthola uboya. Umbala ungwevu, emuva kumnyama mnyama kunasesiswini.
Onogwaja baseCalifornia
Izinhlobo zasendulo ezivivinywe isikhathi eside zifaka onogwaja baseCalifornia. Kutholakala eningizimu ye-USA ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, basakhombisa imiphumela emihle futhi bayaboshwa ngezinga lezimboni nasemapulazini angawodwana. Uhlobo lohlobo lwenyama yoboya bokwaluka ngemifino lwaluvunwa ngesisekelo sokuwela okuyinkimbinkimbi kwama-chinchillas, onogwaja abamhlophe abavela eNew Zealand nase-ermine waseRussia. Uhlobo olusha lomvundla lwaluhlukaniswa hhayi kuphela ngombala omhlophe ogqamile onendawo ehlukile ezindlebeni, isizalo, imilenze nomsila, kodwa futhi nokuthola isisindo esihle kakhulu, ubumbano nokukhuluphala. Ngomzimba omfushane nomthambo ovumelanayo, isisindo esilinganiselwe sonogwaja waseCaliforni sifinyelela ku-4.5-5 kg.
White New Zealand Rabbit
Umlando wohlobo lokuzalwa konogwaja abamhlophe baseNew Zealand wavela eminyakeni engaphezu kwekhulu. Ukuthola izilwane ezimhlophe zenyama emhlophe, kwakusetshenziswa abamele ama-White Giants kanye nezilwane ze-albino zasendaweni. Ukuzalela, noma ngesisindo esincane sezilwane ezikhula zibe ngu-4,5 kg nje kuphela, kusalondolozwa ukuthandwa kwazo namuhla ngenxa yekhwalithi ephezulu yenyama ebambekayo, ukungathobeki, ukukhula kusenesikhathi kanye nenani elikhulu lomvundla kuma-broods. Izimpawu zokuhamba phambili konogwaja abamhlophe baseNew Zealand zifaka: ubumhlophe qhwa, ngaphandle kokuzwa okuncane kovalo obonayo, ukulunywa okuphelele, amawashi abanzi nangasemuva, i-undercoat yesiliva namehlo abomvu.
Unogwaja obomvu waseNew Zealand
Ngaphezu kogwaja abamhlophe baseNew Zealand, kukhona izinhlobonhlobo ezibomvu, ezisetshenziselwa futhi ukwenza uboya nenyama. Isisindo sezilwane eziqinile, ezondlekile kahle kuze kufinyelele esigamu semitha ubude azidluli ku-4,5 kg, kepha isisindo esiphansi sesidumbu sinxephezelwa ngamandla aphezulu, ukuqina nokukhuthazela kokuzalela.
Ukugqama kwalolu hlobo lwenyama lokuzalela onogwaja ngumbala ogqamile ongajwayelekile, ongahluka kusuka kubomvu obomvu wezitini uye obomvu ocebile.
Uboya obuhle, ama-pubescent paws, i-compact physique - konke lokhu kwenza sikwazi ukukhulisa onogwaja abomvu baseNew Zealand emoyeni ovulekile ngisho nasezimeni ezinzima.
Ibhabhathane lomvundla
Kwabafuyi bezonogwaja baseRussia, uvemvane olunogwaja olunombala wokuqala, olunikeza lo mhlobo igama, seluvame ukwedlula iminyaka engamakhulu amabili. Kwakusezweni lethu ukuthi ngesikhathi sokuzalela sikwazile ukuthola imiphumela engcono. Namuhla, onogwaja abanasisindo esingamakhilogremu amathathu, kodwa acishe aphindwe kabili kunangesikhathi sokufika evela eBrithani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zilungele kangcono izimo zasendaweni.
Uma ubheka ubuso besilwane, ungabona ibala elikhulu elimnyama, elifana nenundu elinamaphiko asabalele. Uhlobo lokuzalwa konogwaja oluvezwe esithombeni luqanjwe ngegama lale ndawo. Amanye amabala, asevele enesimo sokuphikisana, angabonakala emzimbeni, ezungeze izindlela nasezindlebeni. Imicu emnyama ibuye ihambisane nomgogodla. Amacala nomsila zilula. Amabala ku uvemvane lomvundla angaba semithunzi ehlukene ukusuka kumnyama kuya kokhilimu.
Unogwaja wenqama waseFrance
Ukuvela kohlobo lomvundla wezinqama, abantu bakweleta ukuguquka okuzenzakalelayo, ngenxa yalokho izindlebe zalahlekelwa isikhundla sazo esijwayelekile esiqondile futhi zaxoshwa, okwenza izilwane zibukeke njengamawundlu. Ushintsho ekubukekeni lwaphawulelwa futhi lwalungiswa ngokukhethwa. Futhi namuhla, onogwaja be-lop-eared abadumile hhayi njengezilwane zenyama yezolimo, kodwa futhi nezilwane ezifuywayo.
Amadlozi ezinhlobo zesimanjemanje zanogwaja abanezindlebe ezivuthayo kwakuyisilo samaNgisi. Izibonelo zokuqala zonogwaja baseFrance bakhonjiswa maphakathi nonyaka owedlule eFrance. Izilwane ezinkulu ezingajwayelekile kuqala njengoba ilukuluku lisakazekela ezweni lakubo, bese bethuthela emazweni angomakhelwane. Abafuyi beJalimane baba nethonya elikhulu kulokhu kuzala, ngenxa yokukhethwa okude kwezilwane zasepulazini ezikhiqiza ngempela, ezikhula ngokushesha. Isisindo esivamile sowesilisa omdala sidlula amakhilogremu amahlanu, kanti izinsikazi zilula nje kancane.
Ngaphezu komzimba omangalisayo nokukhuluphala okuhle, onogwaja be-lop-eared bakhombisa uboya bekhwalithi ephezulu, kanti iphalethi yombala libanzi ngokwanele, okuthi kukhulisa isithakazelo ekuzalweni kwezimvu kuphela, kanti onogwaja be-lop-eared bangabonakala ngokwanda kwamapulazi.
Ukuphela kwesici okufanele saziwe kubanikazi bezilwane ezinjalo ezingajwayelekile umthelela omubi wokuguqulwa kwezakhi zomgogodla emgogodleni onogwaja. Uhlobo olufanayo, olubangela izindlebe ukuba zehle, luholele ekuqineni nasekuqothulweni kwezicubu ze-cartilage kuwo wonke amathambo. Ngenxa yalokhu, abesifazane, ngemuva konyaka owodwa ubudala, ngokuvamile abakwazi ukukhiqiza inzalo; ezilwaneni ezindala, izinkinga ezihlangene zingenzeka.
Unogwaja wase-Angora
Ngaphezu kwezinhlobo zenyama zonogwaja, izilwane ezinobukhulu obude, obude noma obufushane, ezifuywe zenzelwe phansi noma ngezikhumba, ziyathandwa. Onogwaja base-Angora bahle kakhulu. Izilwane zinenqwaba eminyene emincane kusuka ku-15 kuye ku-25 cm, futhi ubude obunjalo berekhodi bugcinwa cishe kuwo wonke umzimba, ngakho-ke izindwani ezinde zezinwele zivame ukuba phakathi kweminwe ezandleni, kunamabhulashi ezindlebeni ezinkulu zonogwaja. Umbala wonogwaja ungahluka. Ngenxa yobuningi boju, isilwane sibukeka sikhulu, empeleni, unogwaja wase-Angora unesisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu amathathu, lapho ukhula khona usuvele ezinyangeni eziyisikhombisa zokuphila.
Imininingwane yokuqala ephathelene nokuzalela okungajwayelekile yafika kubantu baseYurophu ekuqaleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalombili. Izwe lezilwane ezinezinwele ezinde iTurkey, kusuka lapho onogwaja abangajwayelekile bafika okokuqala kwi-Old World, base baya eMelika. Uma onogwaja base-Angora ababevezwe esithombeni bekuyinto yezilwane ezivamile, namuhla i-fluff yabo isetshenziswa kabanzi ukukhiqiza intambo efudumele, izindwangu ezivela kuyo nezingubo ezenziwe ngomumo.
Imhlophe phansi phansi
Olunye uhlobo lokuzalela phansi komvundla lwazalelwa e-USSR maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Ngenxa yokunqamula kwe-Angora yaseFrance nezilwane zasendaweni, kuvela uhlobo olujwayelekile lwe-White Downy. Onogwaja balokhu kuzalanisa inyama, kanye nokuthola uboya obuthukile obuthukile.
Namuhla, ukuzalela kuyaqhubeka, futhi ekuchitheni abafuyi bezinja kwakungekho izilwane ezinombala omhlophe kuphela, kodwa nezilwane eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ezimnyama nezinsundu. Izilwane zaqina ngokwengeziwe, zashintshwa ukuze zikhule ngaphandle, futhi isisindo sanda saba ngu-4 kg. Uma ngaphambili inqwaba ende yemivundla yase-Angora yayidabukisa kakhulu futhi iwela kalula, ilahlekelwa yikhwalithi, khona-ke ezilwaneni zanamuhla uboya bukhulu kakhulu futhi empeleni abushintshi ukubukeka kwayo kunoma yiziphi izimo.
Unogwaja rex
Uhlobo oludala lweRegree Rex luhlotshaniswa noboya bayo obufushane obukhulu ngokweqile, okushiya umbono we-plush or sheared highskin. E-USSR, umlando wohlobo lokuzalwa waqala cishe eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule. Unogwaja uRex, naphezu kokuvinjelwa ngabaphathi baseJalimane, bakhipha izwe ngasese, bakhuliswa futhi babeleka kakade e-USSR.
Onogwaja, abadume ngo-velvety fur wabo othambile, banika inyama enhle kakhulu. Umuntu omdala ukhula abe ngu-4-5 kg. Futhi ngesikhumba esincane esincane esikhanyayo, isivuno senyama enamafutha amancane sibalulekile.
Izici zokuzalela zonogwaja bakwaRex zifaka i-torso enkulu ende, izindlebe ezincane eziyindilinga, kanye namadevu amafushane, agobile. Namuhla kunemibala eminingi ebonakalayo nenamabala ehlukanisa izikhumba zoboya ezitholwe kunogwaja.
Chinchilla Rabbit
Uhlobo lohlobo lweChinchilla onogwaja oboniswe esithombeni uqanjwe ngegama lesilwane esincane esinoboya obuthambile obumbala bokuqala. Njengokhetho ekukhetheni onogwaja basekhaya, kungenzeka ukuphinda ubonakale lo fur, kuthola inqwaba yesiliva-grey enesisekelo esimnyama, ukukhanya, cishe umucu omhlophe phakathi kwezinwele noma ithiphu emnyama.
Onogwaja ngokuzala ama-chinchilla aseSoviet atholakala e-USSR ngekhulu lokugcina bazuza uboya obuyigugu kusuka kokhokho begazi laseFrance, kodwa baba nzima, bazithoba futhi bandile.
Unogwaja uletha cishe onogwaja ababalelwa kwabangu-8, kanti isilwane esidala sinesisindo esingama-5 kg. Lezi yizilwane ezinkulu eziqinile ezinempilo enhle nokuthola isisindo esisheshayo.
Ukuhlobisa onogwaja
Eminyakeni yamuva, onogwaja bokuhlobisa bathola ukuthandwa, okuhlukile kulezo ezifakwa inyama noboya, ezincane, ubungane futhi kwagcizelelwa ukubukeka okuhle. Kungakho, ezilwaneni eziningi, ukubukeka okuthinta inhliziyo "kobuntwana" kwesibalo kanye nokwakheka komzimba okwenzeka kunogwaja kuhlala impilo yonke yonke.
Onogwaja basekhaya bahlukaniswe ngokobude bejazi, usayizi nombala. Namuhla ezindlini zamadolobha ungathola zombili izilwane ezijwayelekile, isibonelo, umvundla we-lop-eared Baran noma ummeleli wohlobo lwe-Angora, kanye nezilwane ezincane noma zincane.
Onogwaja be-dwarf beza ezweni lakithi bevela eBelgium, ngenxa ye-manequ eyingqayizivele bafanelwe igama lekhanda-ibhubesi. Kunenqwaba ethambile yasesibunjiweyo ekhanda, ekhanda, esifubeni nasezihlathini, kwesinye isikhathi nasezinyaweni ezingemuva, yakha “ibhulukwe” elihamba kancane. Izilwane zinomzimba obukhulu, onesisindo esingeqi ku-1.7 kg futhi zilungele ngokuphelele uhlamvu lwangaphakathi.
Onogwaja be-Dwarf Rex bahluke kubafowethu abakhulu ngosayizi nesisindo kuphela. Izilwane ezincane zimbozwe ngoboya obufushane obuthambile, amadevu amancane agobile futhi angabi nesisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu. Ekhaya, onogwaja bokuhlobisa bajwayela kalula, bahlakaniphile futhi baqeqeshiwe. Imivundla ye-Dwarf Rex ingaba yitha noma i-motley.
Ukubonakala okungajwayelekile kembala onqenqemayo wenqama sekuyisizathu sokuthandwa kwabo okumangalisayo phakathi kwezithandwa zezilwane zasekhaya. Izilwane zigcina ukwakheka kwezindlebe zazo futhi zangqongqoza phansi, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye zincane kakhulu kunabamele abamele izinhlobo zohlobo lweenqama zaseFrance. Onogwaja abahle be-lop-eared bazolile, bangeqi ku-30 cm ubude futhi banesisindo esingama-1.5 kg. Ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa, onogwaja banezindlebe ziqonde, kepha baqala ukushintsha ukwakheka kuphela emva kwamasonto ambalwa. Phakathi kwemibala kanogwaja omfushane: i-chinchilla, emhlophe ngamehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma obomvu, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
