Ukushiswa kwamaqabunga amaqabunga, ukushintsha umbala wawo kanye nemibala yezithombo, ukuncipha kokukhula komsebenzi, noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukukhula okuthe xaxa kwesisindo esidliwayo kuya kulimaza isivuno ... Ukuqhakaza okubuthaka, ukusikwa okuqinile kokuvama kwe-ovary ngisho nokufafaza izithelo - konke lokhu akumele kube ngenxa yokuba khona kwezifo noma izilokazane, hhayi iphutha kuphela lesimo sezulu esande kakhulu, futhi ngenxa yezenzo zethu nawe, ikakhulukazi, ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa okungalungile komanyolo emhlabathini. Ake sixoxe ngamaphutha aphambili ahambisana nokufaka umanyolo. Mayelana nokuthi kuzokwenzekani uma kwenziwa la maphutha, nokuthi ungawenza kanjani ukuze uwaqonde la maphutha, noma ukuthi ungenza kanjani ukuze uwavimbele nakancane.
Ukusetshenziswa kukamanyolo wezimbiwa.
Ukushoda kwezinto ezidingekayo nezimbangela zazo
Ngifuna ukuqala ngezinkinga abantu abaningi abalima nabalimi abahlangabezana nazo; lezi zinkinga zingaqubuka hhayi ngephutha lethu, kepha ngokubheka kwenkimbinkimbi yezici ezisungulwe "ngempumelelo", ngokuvamile, amagama ambalwa mayelana nokushoda kwezinto, bese ngokushesha emaphutha.
Izitshalo kuyo yonke impilo zingathola ukusweleka kwama-macroelements womabili, sonke imikhomo eyaziwayo - iNitrogen, iPhosphorus nePotassium, kanye nezinto zokulandela - iBoron, iManganese, iCalcium nezinye.
Kungani zingasebenzi? Kunezizathu eziningi zalokhu, ngokwesibonelo, isimo sezulu esingesihle sesikhathi sonyaka, sithi, imvamisa, amakhaza, lapho izimo eziningi zingahlanzwa zibe izingqimba zenhlabathi ezijulile bese izitshalo ezinesistimu enezimpande ezibuthakathaka (cabanga ngazo zonke izilimo zemifino) zingabe zingenele.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga le-pH: udinga ukuqapha lokhu, amasiko ambalwa afana nenhlabathi ene-acidic, yemifino eyaziwayo iyisinambuzane, kanti nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezintekenteke iyizimbali ezinde. Ngaphandle kwalokho, amasiko kungenzeka abekezelela i-acid noma akhetha ukungathathi hlangothi komhlaba.
Ukwanda kwe-acidity kwenhlabathi, endaweni yokuqala, kungadala ukungafinyeleleki kwezinto ezimbalwa zokulandela, ngokwesibonelo, i-calcium ne-magnesium, ngakho-ke udinga ukubhekisisa i-pH ngokucophelela endaweni yangakini.
Ngaphezu kwalokho - ukusilela kungabonakala ngomonakalo ohlelweni lwezimpande zezitshalo, ngamanye amazwi, ngeke babe nokudla. Izimpande zingalimaza izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene, futhi mina nawe: sikhulula umhlabathi, siqinise amathuluzi okusebenza ngokujulile.
Imithamo yomanyolo engalungile
Lokhu mhlawumbe yiphutha elivame kakhulu lelo futhi, ngukuthi, ngokuthethelelwa, lingathethelelwa. Kuyiqiniso, akuwona wonke umuntu ongabala umthamo ngqo womanyolo, ngoba ungalenza iphutha kokubili ohlangothini oluncane, khona-ke lesi sitshalo ngeke sithole into edingekayo, nakuyona enkulu.
Ngokwesimo somanyolo, inqubo ethi "awukwazi ukona iphalishi ngebhotela" ayisebenzi, ngoba uma, sithi, kunento eyodwa eyodwa, khona-ke ingacindezela ngokuphelele ezinye izinto futhi ngeke zikwazi ukudonswa yisitshalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukuthi ugcine amasiko we-nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium futhi kuyo yonke inkathi yokukhula ngokuhambisana nesigaba esisodwa noma esinye sokukhula kwezitshalo nentuthuko.
Ungabalwa kanjani, usho, imithamo enconywayo ye-nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium, ebukeka kanjena: 50-90-120. Kusho ukuthini lokhu? Lokhu kusho ukuthi lesi sitshalo esikulesi sigaba sentuthuko sidinga ama-50 mg we-nitrogen, 90 mg we-phosphorus kanye ne-120 mg we-potassium ilitha lesisombululo sezakhi zomzimba. Incazelo ehlukile ingavela kuphakethe enomanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi, yisho u-3-5-2. Kunzima ukuyiqonda, kepha empeleni ngamaphesenti kuphela e-litre yesisombululo esifanayo sezakhi, ngaphandle kokuthi i-unit yesilinganiso yethulwe kwiphakheji.
Ngakho-ke, kanjani ukubala umthamo ofanele, kungakanani okulula ukwengezwe kumanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi ukuze uthole isilinganiso esifanele sezinto zesitshalo esithile?
Ake sithi ngamamitha-skwele ayishumi udinga ukwenza u-50 g wento esebenzayo ye-phosphorus ne-nitrogen. Kuwe onakho yi-ammofoska (umanyolo ovame kakhulu, yingakho yathathwa njengesibonelo). I-Ammophos imvamisa iqukethe i-phosphorus engu-45% ne-nitrogen eyi-12%, esezingeni. Sikubala kanjani?
Kuyafaneleka ukuyiphatha kanye nezinto eziqukethe inani eliphezulu, kuleli phosphorus. Manje sidinga ukuthola ukuthi ingakanani i-Ammofsky edingeka ukuyengezela enhlabathini ukuze ikwazi ukuyicebisa nge-phosphorus ngo-50 g ngalokhu, kuzodingeka sisebenzise ifomula yokubala ejwayelekile. Sithatha umthamo ofunekayo, okungukuthi, ama-50 g, siphindaphindwe ngo-100 bese uhlukanisa ngamaphesenti we-phosphorus kuma-ammophos (45%), ekugcineni sithola cishe ama-g. 11. Ngakho-ke, ukucebisa amasentimitha ethu angama-50 we phosphorus, kudingeka sengeze i-112 g yama-ammophos.
Siyaqhubeka futhi, sithole ukuthi ingakanani i-nitrogen ezoba kumthamo onikezwe, okungukuthi, u-112 g. Ukwenza lokhu, sibala isilinganiso esilula kunazo zonke, okungukuthi: uma ku-100 g ye-ammophoska sine-12 g ye-nitrogen, khona-ke kumagremu ayi-112 sino-X, okungukuthi, inani elingaziwa. Ngakho-ke, siphindaphinda i-112 nge-12 futhi sihlukanise nge-100, kuvela ukuthi ku-112 g ye-ammofoski sine-14 g ye-nitrogen. Ngakho-ke, yi-14 g kuphela, futhi sidinga ukufaka u-50, ngakho-ke, sisadinga ama-50 ngu-14, sithola ama-36 g we-nitrogen. Ngemuva kwalokho kuyaluleka ukusebenzisa i-ammonium nitrate, kuyo cishe i-34% nitrogen.
Ngakho-ke, kudingeka sithole ukuthi ingakanani i-ammonium nitrate edingekayo ukuze iqukethe i-nitrogen eyi-36 g. Ukwenza lokhu, siphindaphindeka ngama-36 nge-100 bese sihlukanisa ngama-34 (lokhu kuyipesenti le-nitrogen ku-ammonium nitrate). Sithola cishe ama-g g ayi-106. Nanku umphumela: ukucebisa izinkulungwane eziyishumi zenhlabathi, 50 g we-phosphorus kanye ne-50 g ye-nitrogen idinga i-112 g yama-ammophos ne-106 g ye-ammonium nitrate.
Futhi khumbula ngokuqinile: ukugcwala kukamanyolo kuyalimaza, kungadala ukukhula kwezitshalo futhi kuzoba yiqhwa ebusika, ngoba ngeke babe nesikhathi sokuvuthwa noma sokuvuna ngenxa yokuthi yonke imizamo izoqondiswa ekwakheni inqwaba yemifino, ngokweqile kungaholela ekubambezelweni kokungena kwesizini ikhiqiza izithelo, ikhulisa ikhwalithi yezithelo futhi inciphise kakhulu ukugcinwa kwazo.
Lapho usebenzisa umanyolo, imithetho kumele ibonwe.
Iphutha ngezinsuku okufanele zikhishwe - kungekudala noma kungekudala
Abalimi abaningi nabalimi bacabanga ukuthi awukho umehluko ukuthi ungawusebenzisa nini lo manyolo noma lowo manyolo, bakholelwa ukuthi izakhi ezethulwe zimane zilele emhlabathini ngaleso sikhathi, kanti nezitshalo, njengokudla okuphekiwe, kuzisebenzisa, kuye ngokuthi yini abayidingayo.
Eqinisweni, lokhu akunjalo. Isibonelo, udinga ukuqonda ngokucacile ukuthi umanyolo we-nitrogen ungasebenza kuphela esigabeni sokuqala sokukhula kwezitshalo, okungukuthi, esivame kakhulu engxenyeni yokuqala yesikhathi sokukhula. Endabeni yesicelo esizayo, i-nitrogen isebenze inqubo yokukhula, amahlumela azokhula isikhathi eside kunesikhathi esibekiwe futhi umane, ngaphambi kokuba avuthwe, aqhume.
Ezilimisweni zemifino, ukusetshenziswa kukamanyolo we-nitrogen engxenyeni yesibili yesizini, isikhathi eside kunalokho obekulindelwe, kuzovusa ukukhula kwesisindo semifino, futhi isivuno asinaso isikhathi sokuvuthwa phakathi nenkathi yezinkathi.
Lapho ufaka umanyolo we-nitrogen, kubalulekile futhi ukuthi ucabangele ukuthi zifinyelela kuluphi uhlobo ezitshalweni. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, umanyolo owuketshezi ungafakwa maphakathi no-Meyi, ngalesi sikhathi kunokugeleza okusebenzayo kwezinto, futhi zizongena ngokushesha ezitshalweni. Uma umanyolo womile, lapho-ke udinga ukuwasebenzisa masinyane, yithi, ngo-Ephreli, okungukuthi, aze ancibilike enhlabathini (ngoMeyi), ukugeleza kwezinto kuphela ezitshalweni kuyasebenza. Uma ufaka into ye-organic, khona-ke kuthatha isikhathi ukubola enhlabathini, lapha inketho engcono kakhulu ekwindla, ngesikhathi somanyolo wasentwasahlobo uzoba ngendlela efinyeleleka ezitshalweni.
I-Autumn kanye nentwasahlobo yisikhathi esifanele sokusebenzisa umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi, kusho i-nitroammophoski, lapho izitshalo zicetshiswa ngawo wonke ama-macrocell amathathu aphambili. Okulandelayo, udinga ukubheka ukukhula kwezitshalo, futhi uma zingakhuli kahle, khona-ke, ngaphezu kokwethula ukugqoka kwezimpande, ungathatha nezimpande ezengeziwe, okungukuthi, phatha izitshalo ngokufafaza.
Engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo nangezithelo ezisebenzayo, kufanelekile ukondla izitshalo nge-phosphorus kanye nomanyolo we-potassium. Umanyolo ofanayo nawo uyadingeka esikhathini sekwindla, masinyane ngemuva kokuvunwa, ukuze kubuyiswe amandla futhi kwezinye izimo kugqugquzela ukubekwa kwezimbali, okuwukuthi, ukufaka isandla isivuno sonyaka olandelayo.
Ama-buttock ngenkathi kwakhiwa i-ovary, imvamisa ngoJuni, angafakwa ngaphezu kwalokho ngomanyolo we-nitrogen. Ngemuva kokuvuna, ama-sitrobheli angondliwa ngomanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi, isibonelo, nitroammophos. Ngokuvamile, lokhuondla kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kukaJuni - ekuqaleni kukaJulayi.
Ukwethulwa kwamanyolo we-organic ne-mineral we-utamatisi.
Impilo yeshelf - ibalulekile?!
Yonke into inosuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi, kepha ingabe umanyolo unawo? Abanini bezinkundla ezizimele bathi ngenkani ukuthi umanyolo ungagcinwa cishe unomphela. Ngabe kunjalo? Ngemuva kwakho konke, uma kungenjalo, khona-ke ngemuva kosuku lokuphela kwesikhathi umanyolo ngeke usebenze. Asilungise.
Ngakho-ke, uma sithatha noma yikuphi ukupakisha okunomanyolo, sizobona umbhalo olandelayo: "Impilo yeshalofu iminyaka emibili (emithathu, emine). Isikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwezolimo asinamkhawulo." Impela, ungadideka. Ngakho-ke kusho ukuthini lokhu okubhaliwe? Eqinisweni, iqinisekisa umbono wabatshali bemifino kanye nabalimi: ngempela, umanyolo awunayo impilo yeshalofu. Ngemuva kwakho konke, uyini umanyolo? Lokhu kungusawoti ojwayelekile ongenakubola, wonakalise noma ulahlekelwe izakhiwo zawo ngokuzumayo. Zingagcinwa isikhathi eside kakhulu, kodwa kuphela uma zigcinwe kahle.
Iningi lamanyolo kumele ligcinwe egumbini elifudumele futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuthi liyigumbi elomile, ngoba li-hygroscopic impela, okungukuthi, limunca ngentshiseko umswakama, kusuka lapho eboshwe kuwo, uphenduka izingcezu ezicindezelwe. Uma kunzima ukukucabanga lokhu maqondana nomanyolo, bese ukhumbula usimende, ngoba ngisho nesikhwama esivaliwe egumbini elinomswakama ekugcineni siphenduka itshe elinesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-50!
Kepha uma esimweni sikakhonkolo, njengokomthetho, sisaqhubeka kuphela ukusilahla, khona-ke esimweni somanyolo singaphuka, uthi, ngesando kanye ne-powder ephumayo kungafakwa emhlabathini. Kuyiqiniso, kusengcono ukusebenzisa umanyolo omusha, othosiwe bese uwugcina ungakapheli usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi, ngoba umanyolo onjalo uncibilika ngokushesha emhlabathini futhi uthakwa kangcono izitshalo ezahlukahlukene.
Ukusatshwa okungafakwanga kukamanyolo
Kokubili ukunisela ngamanyolo kuncibilikisiwe emanzini kanye nokusetshenziswa kwembatho ephezulu eyomile kumele kuhlanganiswe, kungenjalo, kwenye ingxenye yensimu, inhlabathi ingaqhakanjiswa kakhulu ngamanyolo, kolunye izitshalo ziyobe zingenele. Abalimi abaningi nabalimi abaningi bakhulelwa cishe maphakathi nengadi bathela umthamo obalwa sonke lesi sakhiwo, bekholelwa ukuthi umanyolo uzoncibilika enhlabathini, usatshalaliswe ngokulinganayo phezu kwawo, kepha lokhu, maye, akunjalo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlela oyisebenzisa ngayo umanyolo nayo idlala indima. Isibonelo, ezitshalweni ezine-system enezimpande ezinamandla futhi ejulile, umanyolo, ikakhulukazi i-phosphorus ne-potash, kufanele usetshenziswe ngendlela encibilikile. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kuzoba khona futhi ukusatshalaliswa okungalingani kukamanyolo, kulokhu kuphela, hhayi ngokuvundlile, kepha ngokuqondile, okungukuthi, ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zenhlabathi inani lomanyolo lizohluka.
Ukusatshalaliswa okungalingani kwamanyolo eduze kwe-vertical nakho kuzoba njalo uma ufaka umanyolo emhlabathini owomile: kuzokuba nzima kuwo ukungena ngokujulile endaweni engaphansi futhi izitshalo zizodinga into eyodwa noma enye, futhi uyothuthuka uzithulule ngokwengeziwe. Ngaphambi kokufaka umanyolo, inhlabathi kumele ikhululwe futhi iniswe kahle.
Ukwethulwa komanyolo we-organic.
Ukukhetha umanyolo okungalungile
Umnikazi ngamunye wesakhiwo kufanele afake umanyolo omningi emhlabathini, imvamisa emibili, kodwa kwenzeka ukuthi kukhona abathathu. Futhi bambalwa kubo abacabangayo, kepha kungenzeka, ngokuvamile, ukuxubana nokubangenisa kanyekanye? Kuyavela ukuthi kukude kakhulu kungenzeka, futhi kuvame nokuba yingozi. Ngani?
Izizathu, empeleni, ziningi. Isibonelo, thatha i-ammonium nitrate kanye nanoma yimuphi umanyolo we-alkaline, uthi, lime noma umlotha. Uma ubahlanganisa, khona-ke i-ammonia gaseous izoqala ukukhishwa ngenkuthalo futhi iningi le-nitrogen lizolahleka. Uma i-superphosphate ixubene nomlotha noma ulamula, umanyolo we-alkaline uvimba ukutholakala kwe-phosphorus yesitshalo, futhi ngobuningi baleli manyolo emhlabathini, isitshalo esitshalwayo siyofa yindlala.
Abanye abalimi badlula nangokuthi: ngenxa yokungazi, baxuba okungenakuqhathaniswa, futhi bagcina nokuxutshwa okunjalo. Njengoba besho - hhayi ukukwenza kabili. Eqinisweni, lokhu kubi kakhulu. Ake sithi sixube i-lime noma i-ash ne-potassium chloride, ekugcineni sithola ingxube ye-hygroscopic kakhulu, ezothatha umswakama omkhulu egumbini futhi ngesikhathi esifushane izophenduka isigaxa esisodwa esiqinile.
Ngendlela, uma lo manyolo usetshenziswa masinyane enhlabathini, khona-ke akukho lutho olubi oluzokwenzeka. Kepha uma uhlanganisa i-superphosphate ne-ammonium nitrate, ngakho-ke ngaphezu kwalokho ukuthi le ngxube ibuye ibe njengetshe phezu kwesikhathi, i-sulfuric acid equkethe i-superphosphate nayo izolanda yonke i-nitric acid evela e-ammonia.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, khumbula: awukwazi ukuxubanisa i-ammonium nitrate ne-urea, superphosphate, lime, ufulawa we-dolomite, umquba kanye noshizi. I-Ammonium sulfate ne-lime, ufulawa we-dolomite noma umquba akumele uhlanganiswe. I-Urea ne-superphosphate, ufulawa we-dolomite netshokho kuhlanganisiwe kahle. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-superphosphate ne-lime, i-potassium chloride kanye ne-chalk, i-potassium sulfate ne-lime, i-lime ne-urea, umquba ne-ammonium sulfate akufanele.
Nawa, amaqiniso alula, futhi uma ufuna into enhle - ukondla izitshalo akuguquki iphutha elilodwa elikhulu, bese ukhumbula le mithetho elula futhi ungalokothi uyephule, lapho-ke izitshalo ziyokubonga kuwe futhi zinikezwe isivuno esingakaze sibe khona.
