Izitshalo zefern ezindala kakhulu zazitshalwa ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo ngezikhathi zeVictorian. Futhi namanje lezi zihlahla ezivulekile ezivulekile zithandwa kakhulu. Amafemu wasekhaya ahlobisa izindlu namakamelo. Ngobukhulu obuhlaba umxhwele, izitshalo zitshalwa emahhovisi, emahhotela nasezikhungweni ezahlukahlukene.
Iningi lalezi zitshalo liyakwazi ukusinda ezinhlekeleleni zemvelo ezahlukahlukene futhi liphile ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima kakhulu. Ezinye zazo kulula kakhulu ukuzitshala ekhaya. Kodwa-ke, ukuze i-fern ijabulise ukubukeka kwayo kokunethezeka futhi okunempilo, kubalulekile ukuba uzijwayeze nemithetho ethile yokunakekelwa kwayo.
Izincazelo, izinhlobo nezithombe zeferns ezifuywayo
Onke ama-ferns ayizitshalo ezingapheli zonyaka ze-epiphytic epiphytic. Zinama-rhizomes amafushane namaqabunga e-cirrus ahlakazekile. Ezihlangeni ezakhiwe ngamaqabunga, nazo ziyakha izihibe zomhlaba ezihlangana ngokushesha nomhlabathi. Ngezansi kwamaqabunga esitshalo kukhona i-sporangia.
Emvelweni kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-10,000 zezinto zasemanzini, zomhlaba, utshani kanye nama-fern anjengezihlahla. Ngokuya ngokwahlukana, zikhula ehlathini, ezixhaphozini noma emameleni. Phakathi kwazo kukhona izingane nezinsizwa ezinkuluubude bamaqabunga alo lingaphezu kwengxenye yemitha. Ezitshalweni ezi-hygrophilous, amaqabunga athambile, ahlukaniswe ngokuphelele, futhi anokukhanya okuluhlaza okukhanyayo. Ama-ferns amelana nesomiso abonakala ngamaqabunga anesikhumba, kwesinye isikhathi nge-waxy coating.
Izinhlobo ze-Indoor Ferns
Namuhla izinhlobo eziningi ezitshaliwe zefern zilungele ukulinyelwa ekhaya. Abadume kakhulu kubo yilaba:
- I-Nephrolepis luhlobo olungenakungatshazwa nolwaziwa kakhulu lwefern yasekhaya. Ifaka irosette ekhangayo, eyakhiwa ngamaqabunga e-openwork enezinhlamvu ngaphakathi. Ubude bephepha ngalinye lifinyelela ku-45-50 cm.
- I-davallia noma i-cleft paw ihlukaniswa ngama-rhizomes obomvu ama-shaggy alengise imiphetho yabatshali bokulengiswa. Lesi sitshalo esihlukile sihlotshwe ngamahlamvu aluhlaza aluhlaza.
IPlaticerium isitshalo esinamaqabunga aphansi akhula ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene futhi afana kakhulu nezimpondo zezinyamazane. Umaphakathi wayo onamaqabunga ansundu ufana nekhanda leklabishi.- I-Asplenium noma i-ossicle evela kwezinye izinhlobo zefern ihluka emapheshana angashayi eceleni, angama-wavy eceleni komngcele. Empeleni akathandi lapho amahlamvu akhe ethinta.
- IBlechnum noma i-derbyanka enesakhiwo sayo ifana nesihlahla sesundu. Esitshalweni esidala, umqhele ufinyelela imitha eyodwa ububanzi futhi uqukethe i-wai eqinile.
- I-Disconia njenge -plplant yendlu ingatshalwa kuphela esemncane. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ikhula ibe isihlahla eside, ukuphakama kwawo kungafinyelela ku-3-6 m.
- I-polypodium noma i-millipede ihlukaniswa ngamaqabunga ahlakazeke ngokujulile atholakala kuziqu ezondile. I-rhizome yalesi sitshalo iyasha futhi izingwegwe ngaphezulu, futhi isihlahla ngokwaso siyakwazi ukukhula emoyeni.
IPlaticerium isitshalo esinamaqabunga aphansi akhula ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene futhi afana kakhulu nezimpondo zezinyamazane. Umaphakathi wayo onamaqabunga ansundu ufana nekhanda leklabishi.Ungayinakekela kanjani i-fern ekhaya?
Ukukhula okusebenzayo nokubukeka okuhle kwesitshalo ngqo kuya ngezimo ezikhulayo nokuhambisana nemithetho yokunakekelwa.
Ukukhanya nokushisa
I-Indoor ferns idinga ukukhanya okwanele, kepha okuvikelwe ukukhanya kwelanga. Abalimi abaningi ngephutha bakholelwa ukuthi lezi zitshalo ziyakwazi ukubekezelela umthunzi. Kodwa-ke, emthunzini, i-shrub izoma ukukhula futhi ingafa nokufa. Ngakho-ke ukuze amaqabunga ahlale emakhulu futhi enempilofuthi, okukhishisiwe kepha ukukhanya okugqamile kuyadingeka. Kuhle ukubeka noma ukuxhoma ibhodwe le-fern eduze kwewindi lasentshonalanga.
Izihlahlana zizizwa zilungile emakamelweni okushisa komoya ngaphakathi kwama-15- + 22 degrees. Noma kunjalo ezinye izinhlobo zama-fern zingezamaqembu athileokudingeka ngalo ukudala izimo ezithile:
- Nge-polypodium ne-pellet, izinga lokushisa lomoya ebusika kufanele libe ngama-+12 degrees.
- I-Asplenium, i-platycerium, i-nephrolepis ne-adiantum ziyizitshalo ezithanda ukushisa, ngakho-ke izinga lokushisa lomoya ngesikhathi sokutshala kwabo akufanele lide ngaphansi kwama-degree angu-18.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi zonke izinhlobo zamafernings njengezindawo ezinomoya omnandi, futhi ungabekezeleli umoya obandayo nokusalungiswa. Ehlobo, amabhodwe anezitshalo angabekwa engadini noma kuvulandi, endaweni evikelwe ukukhanya kwelanga.
Ukunisela nomswakama
Lapho unakekela ama-ferns ekhaya, kuyadingeka uhlobo oluthile lokunisela. Isitshalo sidinga inani elikhulu lamanzi. Udinga ukuwunisela njalolapho nje umphezulu woma kancane. Isimo sokunisela esifanele sincike ekushiseni kwegumbi. Esikhathini esishisayo, lesi sitshalo siniselwa kaningi ngesonto.
Ukomiswa isikhathi eside kwenhlabathi kuyingozi kuma-ferns. Kufanele wazi ukuthi imbali ebikade inengxube yethosi eyomile izinsuku eziningana ngeke ivuleke ngemuva kokunisela.
Umswakama owengeziwe wezimpande zesitshalo nawo uyingozi. Kungakho ama-ferns etshalwa enhlabathini enamanzi amaningi ukuze umswakama owedlulele uvele ngokushesha. Ngokunisela izihlahlana, kunconywa ukusebenzisa amanzi athambileko ekushiseni kwegumbi.. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi ibiliswe noma ishiywe imele izinsuku eziningana.
Ama-Ferns athande kakhulu umswakama ophezulu. Baphendula kahle ngokufafaza nsuku zonke. Isimo sezulu esishisayo futhi emagumbini anamabhethri avuliwe, lesi sitshalo sidinga ukufafazwa kaningi ngosuku noma usebenzise umswakama okhethekile. Izihlahla nazo zinconywa ukugeza ngezikhathi ezithile.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Uma ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo isitshalo singatholi izakhi ezidingekayo, umbala wamaqabunga awo uzoqala uphole kakhulu, khona-ke aqala ukuguquka aphuzi futhi omile. Ngakho-ke, kanye ngesonto ekhaya, izihlahlana kufanele zondliwe ngomanyolo okhethekile oyinkimbinkimbi.
Ukusuka ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba kuya maphakathi noFebhuwari, isitshalo sendlu sidinga ukuphindwa kathathu isikhathi sokuphumula. Uma ngalesi sikhathi i-fern igcinwa egumbini elipholile, khona-ke kuyodingeka hhayi kuphela ukuyeka ukondla, kodwa futhi nokunciphisa ukuchelela ngesigamu.
Ukufakelwa kukaFern
Ukunakekelwa kwe-fern yangaphakathi kufaka ukufakelwa konyaka wezitshalo ezisencane. Izitshalo zabantu abadala zisebenzisa okunye kuphela emva kokuba izimpande zigcwalise ngokuphelele imbiza.
Ubunzima buhlala eqinisweni lokuthi izihlahlana zibekezelela izinhlungu zokwenza inqubo yokufakelwa futhi zingalulama izinyanga eziningi. Ngakho-ke Kunqunyelwa indlela yokudluliselwa kwenye indawoungene esikhundleni sesitshalo usuka kwelinye ibhodwe uye kwelinye ngaphandle kokucacisa izimpande zomhlaba.
Isikhathi esihle sokufuduka yintwasahlobo. Ukuze uthole i-fern, udinga ukukhetha ibanga elikhulu, eliphansi lesimbali kanye inhlabathi ene-acidity kusuka ku-5.0 iye ku-6.6 pH. Ukuze uzilungiselele ngokwakho lengxube yodaka uzodinga ukuxuba:
- i-peat - ingxenye eyi-1;
- humus - 1 ingxenye;
- ishidi lomhlaba - ingxenye eyi-1;
- isidlo samathambo - 1/5 ingxenye.
Phansi kwembiza, okufanele ibe ngu-5 cm ubukhulu kuneyangaphambili, kuthululelwa kuqala imfucumfuthi bese kuthi okusakazwa kohlobo lwe-moss, bese kuthululelwa isigaxa esingaphansi komhlaba. Isitshalo sitshaliwe nezimpande zaso ziyalala ingxube yobumba ukuze kungabikho sikhala phakathi kwabo.
Ngokushesha emva kokutshala futhi amanye amasonto amabili, isitshalo sidinga ukuthambisa okuningi.
Ukusakazeka kwama-ferns
Izitshalo zikhiqiza ngezindlela ezimbili:
- izingxabano;
- ukuhlukaniswa kwesihlahla.
Emvelweni, ama-ferns akhiqiza kabusha ngama-spores, kepha-ke, inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi ebuhlungu. Ekhaya, izihlahlana zisatshalaliswa kangcono uma zitshalwa ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla.
Kunconywa ukuhlukanisa izisekelo ezincane zezimpande kwisitshalo esidala. Lokhu kumele kwenziwe ngokuqapha ngokweqile.ukuze inqubo ingalimazi izimpande. Uma kungenzeka, badinga ukonga umhlaba omkhulu ngangokunokwenzeka.
Indawo ye-Delenki emabhodweni amancane alungiselelwe futhi ibekwe egumbini elifudumele endaweni ekhanyiswe kahle. Ngenkathi yokuzivumelanisa nezimpawu yonke imibandela edingekayo kumele yakhelwe izitshalo ezincane. Badinga umswakama ophezulu nokunisela okwenele. Ukungatholakali koyedwa noma kwesinye esitshalweni kuzoba yingozi.
Izinkinga ezingaba khona ngokunakekelwa kwefern
Uma isitshalo dala izimo ezidingekayo futhi umnakekele ngokuhambisana nayo yonke imithetho, khona-ke akufanele kube nezinkinga ngokutshalwa. Kodwa-ke, ngaphansi kwezimo zasendlini, izihlahlana zingathinteka ezinye izinambuzane:
Ama-aphid, ama-thrips nezinsimbi zezinambuzane zingavela esitshalweni uma igumbi selomile. Ngakho-ke, lapho unakekela i-fern, ukufafaza kwayo njalo kuyadingeka. Uma kuvela izinambuzane, khona-ke lesi sitshalo siphathwa ngamakhemikhali akhethekile.- I-Nematode ithinta izihlahlana ezaziniselwa ngamanzi abandayo aneningi le-chlorine. Izitshalo ezithintekile yilesi sinambuzane ziphenduka ziphuzi bese amaqabunga esomile. Isihlahla kudingeka sidluliselwe emhlabathini omusha, ngoba sesiphathe lesi sitshalo ngesibulala-zinambuzane. Kepha le nqubo kungenzeka ingasizi i-fern.
Ama-aphid, ama-thrips nezinsimbi zezinambuzane zingavela esitshalweni uma igumbi selomile. Ngakho-ke, lapho unakekela i-fern, ukufafaza kwayo njalo kuyadingeka. Uma kuvela izinambuzane, khona-ke lesi sitshalo siphathwa ngamakhemikhali akhethekile.Lapho ikhula i-fern ezimweni ezingafanele, ingasabela ngokuphuzi futhi yomise amaqabunga. Izimbangela eziphambili zokumiswa kwamaqabunga kunconywa ukuthi zifundwe:
- Ukunisela ngamanzi abandayo.
- Ukunisela ngokuqukethwe okukhulu kwe-chlorine.
- Okusalungiswa.
- Ukutshala isitshalo egumbini elibandayo kakhulu.
- Ukuchayeka elangeni eliqondile.
- Ukushisa okuphezulu nomoya owomile kakhulu ongaphakathi.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi amachashazi ansundu akhiwe ngaphansi kwamaqabunga e-fern yizithombo zesitshalo, abanye abalimi abazithatha njengezinambuzane.
Ukukhetha i-fern njengeplanethi yendlu, ngeke uzisole. Lezi izihlahlana ezinhle zihlala futhi zikhule kahle ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukahlukene.. Futhi ngokunakekelwa okufanele, zibukeka zinemibala futhi zihle, zihlobisa igumbi futhi zikhumbula ihlathi.
