Lesi sitshalo se-Photophilous singokwezivuno zezithelo zomndeni Pink, i-genus - plums. Ibizwa nangokuthi i-apricot noma i-apricot evamile. Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo lesi sihlahla yiChina neCentral Asia. Ukuze isiko likhule, inhlabathi ekhishwa kahle, enamanzi amancane, enomthamo omkhulu wokugcina umswakama, ifiseleka. Lesi sitshalo kwesinye isikhathi asidingi ukuthambisa, ngoba sibekezelela isomiso impela. Ukuphakama okuphezulu kakhulu kwe-apricot ebilungisiwe kungamamitha ayi-12, futhi isilinganiso sokuphila esiphakathi kweminyaka engama-35. Ungakhula isihlahla sama-apricot ngokutshala imbewu noma ngokuxhunyelelwa.
Ungathola izikhombo eziningi ezincwadini ezikhuluma ngalesi sihlahla. Kukholakala ukuthi i-apricot yaqala ukutholakala eChina, isuka lapho yangeniswa e-Asia, yabe isiya e-Armenia naseGrisi. Ukusuka eGreece, umuthi walethwa eRoma, futhi ukusuka lapho kamuva kulo lonke elaseYurophu, lapho isimo sezulu sesomile futhi sishisayo ehlobo. Phakathi kwamagama asetshenziswe maqondana ne-apricot, kungahlukaniswa okulandelayo: "i-apula yase-Armenia", "iplamu yase-Armenia", "izithelo ezinelanga", "morela", "ukhilimu ophuzi", "zhidel", "ama-apricots omisiwe".
Incazelo yesihlahla se-apricot
I-apricot yisihlahla esihle impela sinezimpande ezijulile emhlabathini. Ngisho nezinhlobo ezinamathela zesihlahla se-apricot zikhulu, ngenxa yokusakazeka komqhele.
Ububanzi besigaxa bungafinyelela uhhafu wemitha. Umbala wamagxolo uhluka kusuka ku-brownish kuya ku-brownish brown. Amahlumela amancane apendwe ngombala obomvu noma onsundu onsundu. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uhlelo lwezimpande luphinda kabili ukwedlula umqhele wesihlahla.
Amaqabunga e-apricot abunjwe ngamaqanda, izimbali ezipinki nezimhlophe. I-calyx ibomvu ngaphandle futhi iluhlaza-iphuzi ngaphakathi. Izithelo zomuthi we-apricot zinoshukela, zinomunyu, zinomuncu ngokunambitheka, zinamakha, ziyindilinga, zinamathambo ngaphakathi. Ijamo lihlukanisa phakathi kwama-ovoid, ama-ellipsoidal, ama-apricots ayindilinga nawendilinga. Isikhumba mncane, velvety. Umbala wezithelo ungaba mhlophe, uphuzi, ubomvu, usawolintshi.
Izinhlobo ezihlakulelwe zesihlahla se-apricot zibonisa ukwehlukaniswa okuhle kwe-pulp kusuka enzalweni lapho izithelo zifinyelela ekuvuthweni. Izithelo amabhilikosi kanye ngonyaka, ukuvuthwa kwezithelo kuhlala ngoMeyi kuya kuSepthemba (kuya ngezinhlobonhlobo, izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama womoya).
Ungakhula kanjani umuthi we-apricot
I-apricot ithela izithelo iminyaka engaba ngu-35, kepha abalimi bavame ukuguqula izihlahla ngaphambili. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kunzima ukunakekela nokuvuna isitshalo esidlulile. Ezindaweni ezincane, kukhethwa izinhlobo zama-apricot amancanyana. Kepha kufanelekile ukuthatha indlela ebheke phambili ekukhetheni kwezithombo ezincane, ngoba zingakhula zibe ngamamitha amathathu ukuphakama namamitha amahlanu ububanzi. Inketho enhle yokutshala izothunyelwa izithombo ngokwengxenye ehlanganiswe emthini weplamu, ozohlinzeka ngekhono elincane lokuhluma.
Umuthi we-apricot ungathinteka eqandeni, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukumboza izimpande zezitshalo ezincane ebusika, ngokwesibonelo, ukugoqwa kwepulasitiki. Isihlahla esidala singamelana nesithwathwa esifushane esingaba ngu-30 degrees, kepha ngasikhathi sinye, amafrimu amancane entwasahlobo angabhubhisa ama-buds nezimbali.
Entwasahlobo udinga ukufaka umquba izihlahla zezithelo kanye ne-apricot akukho okuhlukile. Kusetshenziselwa umanyolo we-organic (umquba nomquba). Umquba ufakwa kanye njalo eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemithathu kumakhilogremu amane ngemitha eyodwa. Umquba usetshenziswa ngesilinganiso samakhilogremu amahlanu kuya kwayisithupha ngemitha yesikwele, ungangeza umanyolo wamaminerali. Uma usebenzisa izinkukhu ezilahlayo, ungangeqi umthamo wamagremu angama-300 ngemitha yesikwele. Uma Umanyolo uqukethe i-phosphorus eningi, i-potassium noma i-nitrogen, lapho-ke kuxutshwa ngaphambi kokufakwa ne-peat noma nomquba.
Umanyolo weNitrogen wandisa isikhathi sokukhula kwamahlumela, futhi lokhu kunciphisa ukumelana kwesihlahla se-apricot esiqandeni. Ukuvimbela ukwenzeka kokunciphiswa kwesithwathwa, kuthathwa umquba we-nitrogen entwasahlobo ngamakhilogremu angama-35 ngeyitha yemitha kathathu (ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, emva kwayo nangemva kokuwa kwesibeletho).
I-Apricot kernel
I-apricot kernel icishe ibe yingxenye yesine yobukhulu bezithelo. Ukuma kwawo kuyahlukahluka ngezinhlobonhlobo. Esiguqweni sasemathanjeni kunethambo kunezimbambo ezintathu - munye onomumo ocijile oyisisekelo namabili angabizi kangako. Umbala oyinhloko onsundu, kepha kukhona ama-shades avela ohlangothini olulodwa.
Ngaphakathi ithambo kunembewu emhlophe (imvamisa iyodwa, kepha kukhona ezimbili). Imbozwe isikhumba esimthusi esimnyama esinezikhumba ezinsundu. Ukunambitha, imbewu ingaba buhlungu noma imnandi, efana nokunambitheka kuma-alimondi. Ekuphekeni, ama-alimondi kwesinye isikhathi athathelwa indawo ngembewu enjalo yama-apricot.
Amathambo amancane anembewu ebabayo evela ezihlahleni zama-apricot asendle (fatdels) abiza kakhulu. Ukuphakama kokudinwa, kuphakamisa okuqukethwe yi-amygdalin, okubizwa nangokuthi i-Vitamin B17. Iqoqo lokunambitheka okumunyu lihlukile emathanjeni amakhulu.
Izinhlobo ze-apricot zine-kernel enkulu enokunambitheka okumnandi. Akunazindawo ezizuzisayo, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa njenge-dessert nati. Imbewu emnandi ingaba nezingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zamafutha adliwayo kanye nokwesihlanu kweprotheni.
Kuhle ukukhumbula ukuthi ngaphezu kwezakhiwo zayo ezizuzisayo, i-apricot kernel nayo inamandla anobuthi ngenxa yokuqukethwe kobuthi (hydrocyanic acid). Isilinganiso esiphezulu esiphephile sama-apricot kernels kumuntu omdala yizicucu eziyi-10-20.
Ukuvunwa Kwezithelo Ze-Apricot
Isivuno se-apricot esivamile esihlahleni cishe singama-90 kg. Isithelo esivuthiwe ngokuphelele sinemibala ngokulinganayo, namanzi futhi sithambile. Kulesi simo, ingadliwa, icutshungulwe noma ithunyelwe ukuze yomiswe. Okokuhamba nokugcina, kuzokhethwa izithelo eziphuzi kancane.
Ukulondolozwa kokusebenzisa izithelo nge-pulp eminyene, hhayi ukufaka ngaphezulu. Ukuvunwa kwe-apricot kwenziwa ikakhulukazi esimweni sezulu esomile, ekuseni, ngemuva kokuba amazolo esehambile. Izinyathelo ezinjalo zinciphisa ubungozi bekhwalithi yezithelo.
