Isitshalo iValerian (iValeriana officinalis), esibizwa nangokuthi i-cat utshani noma umuthi weValerian, siyisithunzi se-genus Valerian honeysuckle yomndeni. Uvela eMedithera. Ikhula ezindaweni ezibandayo nezishubisa umnkantsha, kanti ithanda izimbotshana ezisezansi neziswakeme, imigwaqo, izixhapho neziphethu, futhi ngisho nesitshalo esinjalo singatholakala phakathi kwezihlahla zamabhishi. Abantu baseValerian babazi ngezinto zokwelapha ezikhathini zasendulo, ngakho uPliny, Avicenna noDioscorides bathi wayenekhono lokuthula nokuqinisa ubuchopho, futhi kwakukholwa nokuthi angakwazi ukulawula imicabango yabantu. NgeNkathi Ephakathi, isitshalo esinjalo sasisetshenziswa njenge-arhente enolisayo nephunga. UValerian watholakala ekhemisi yezwe laseYurophu kuphela ngekhulu le-18, ngasikhathi sinye lapho waqala ukukhula ngemboni yezimboni. Kunezinguqulo eziningana mayelana nemvelaphi yegama lembali enjalo. Omunye uqinisekisa ukuthi ubizwa uValerian ukuhlonipha umbusi waseRoma, abanye banesiqiniseko sokuthi walithola lelo gama ukuhlonipha uValerian, owayengudokotela kaPliny. Ukusuka kwisiLatini, igama elithi "valerian" lihunyushwa ngokuthi "ukuba nempilo."
Izici zeValerian
Ukuphakama kwalesi sitshalo se-herbaceous perennial kuyahlukahluka kusuka ku-1,2 kuye ku-1.8 m. Isifutho esifushane nesiwugqinsi sinomongo oqinile, kwesinye isikhathi siyize futhi siba nezigaba eziguqukayo. Ukusuka lapho kukhula ama-stolons nezimpande ezacile, ezibuthakathaka futhi ezibushelelezi, ezifinyelela kubudeamasentimitha ayi-12. Le rhizome inephunga elingafanele.
Ngaphezulu, ngamagatsha agqinsiwe, afakwe ngokuqinile phezulu. Amapuleti amaqabunga aphansi naphakathi anama-petioles amade, kanti lawo aphezulu angenhla ahlakazekile, aqhekekile, akhiwe ngokuphambene, ahlelwe njalo noma aqoqwe ngamaqabunga amaqabunga amathathu noma amane. Izimbali ezincane (cishe ngu-0.4 cm ubukhulu) izimbali ezimhlophe ezinamakha amhlophe ziyingxenye yama-axillary noma ama-apic panicle noma ama-corymbose inflorescence. Kusukela ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila, lesi sitshalo siqhakaza cishe sonke isikhathi sehlobo. Izithelo ama-achenes avuthwa ehlobo lokugcina noma emavikini okuqala esekwindla.
Ukukhula kweValerian kusuka kwiMbewu
Ukufakelwa
Okwe-valerian, ungakhetha indawo ekhanyiswe kahle, ene-shaded, noma ebekwe emthunzini. Ukuhlwanyelwa kunconywa ukuba kwenziwe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kuyilapho uzungu lulungiswa ekwindla. Ukuze wenze lokhu, bumba inhlabathi ngokujula kwamasentimitha angama-25 kuya kwangama-30 ngomanyolo ogcwele wamaminerali noma i-humus (umquba). Entwasahlobo, ngemuva kokuba inhlabathi engaphezulu isomile, idinga kuphela ukudedelwa ngocelemba. Kepha kufanele kwaziwe ukuthi ngemuva kwesikhashana nje imbewu iphelelwa amandla okuzala, kulokhu, abanye abalimi batusa ukuthi kutshalwe ngokushesha nje ngemuva kokuvuna ehlobo, kanti inhlabathi ngaphambi kwalokhu kumele icholwe ngezinto eziphilayo (umquba noma i-humus), kuthathwa imitha elilodwa lesikwele. Ama-kilogramu ama-5-7 womanyolo.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu kwenziwa emafulethini angajulile, futhi awudingi ukuwavala, kepha udinga nje ukugcwalisa ungqimba oluncane (ubukhulu obungaba ngu-10 mm) wepatti noma isanti elihlanganiswe ne-humus. Ibanga phakathi kwemigqa kufanele lisuke ku-8 kuye ku-10 cm. Ngaphambi kokuvela kwezithombo, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inhlabathi esakhiweni ihlala imanzi kancane.
Uma i-valerian isivele isendaweni yakho, khona-ke ukukhiqiza kabusha kungcono ukusebenzisa ama-stolons ayo. Ekwindla, ngo-Okthoba, ama-bush kufanele asuswe enhlabathini futhi izihloko kufanele zinqunywe kuwo, kuyilapho ama-stolons (amahlumela angaphansi komhlaba) ehlukaniswa ne-rhizome, futhi asetshenziswa njengokutshala izinto. Kusuka esihlahleni esisodwa, ngokwesilinganiso, kungasikwa ama-stolon angama-5-8, izinso zazo ezikulungele ngokuphelele ukwenziwa kabusha. I-Rhizome ingasetjenziswa njengemithi eluhlaza yokwelapha, kanti ama-stolons kufanele atshalwe endaweni entsha masisha ngemuva kokwehlukanisa, ibanga phakathi kwezimbobo kufanele libe ngaphakathi kwamasentimitha ayi-15-20. Amatshe atshaliwe adinga ukuthambisa okwenele. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngale ndlela yokuzala, amaphesenti amakhulu kakhulu ama-stolons aqala izimpande.
Izici Zokunakekela
Ekuqaleni, ukuchelela izilimo kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela, kusetshenziswa isitaki salokhu, okuzovimbela ukufinyelwa kwembewu enhlabathini. Lapho izithombo zivela ebusweni benhlabathi, inani lokunisela kufanele lehliswe. Ngemuva kokuthi ipuleti langempela lesibili liqhamuke ezitshalweni, zizodinga ukukhishwa ngaphandle, libheke ibanga elingama-30 kuye kwangama-40 mm phakathi kwazo. Ngemuva kwalokho, izitshalo zondliwa ngesixazululo se-bird droppings (1: 12). Lapho izithombo zikhula amaqabunga eqiniso ayi-5, zizodingeka futhi ukuthi zondliwe ngesisombululo esifanayo sezakhi.
Uma ukuhlwanyela kwe-valerian kwenziwa ngo-entwasahlobo, khona-ke kwezinye izikhathi kuzokwazi ukuvuna isivuno sokuqala ekwindla. Ngaso leso sikhathi, yonke isihlahla sesibili kufanele sisuswe emhlabathini, futhi lezo ezasala ebusika zidinga ukwenziwa umanyolo ngeNitroammofoska (amagremu angama-50 ento ngayinye kumitha eyi-skwele). Ukuze uvikele izitshalo kusuka eqandeni ebusika, ekwindla isakhiwo kufanele simbozwe ngamahlumela amancane, ngaphezulu lapho kusatshalaliswa khona isigaxa sotshani noma isiqu esomile. Esimweni lapho i-thaw ibonwa ebusika, amawindi amaningana kufanele enziwe ukugwema ukuguga kwe-valerian otshanini.
Ukuqhakaza kokuqala kwalesi sitshalo kuyavela ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila. Lapho nje uqaphela ukuthi ukuvuthwa kwezimbewu sekuqalile, izithungatha izodinga ukusikwa, emva kwalokho izitshalo zinikezwe isixazululo sokwehla kwezinyoni. Uma kunjalo, uma ufuna ukuqoqa imbewu, khona-ke izingadi zezimbali ezisikiwe kufanele zigoqwe ngaphansi kwethangwe, lapho zizovuka khona kuze kube yilapho imbewu ivuthwa ngokuphelele. Ekwindla, i-rhizome iyambiwa.
Ukuqoqwa kwe-valerian nokugcinwa ezindaweni zasekamelweni
Ukuqoqwa
Ukuvunwa kwama-rhizomes e-valerian kwenziwa ngo-Okthoba ngemuva kokuba amahlumela ezihlahleni abe nsundu futhi omile ngokuphelele. Uma ufuna ukugcina inani eliphezulu lezindawo zokwelapha e-valerian, khona-ke ukuqoqwa kufanele kwenziwe ngokuya ngayo yonke imithetho. Okokuqala, ama-rhizomes akhishwa enhlabathini, khona-ke izinsalela zenhlabathi ziyasuswa kuwo bese izingxenye ezingaphezulu komhlaba zinqunywa. Ngokulandelayo, izimpande kufanele zigezwe kahle ngaphansi komfudlana wamanzi abandayo futhi lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha ngokwanele. Ngemuva kwalokho zibekwa emoyeni omusha, lapho zizokoma khona izinsuku ezimbili.
Ukomisa
Lapho-ke i-rhizomes kufanele ibekwe emseleni yama-wire egumbini, lapho izokomiswa khona izinsuku eziyi-14, kuyilapho kudingeka iguqulwe njalo. Ukomisa izimpande, ungasebenzisa i-oveni noma i-dryer, ngenkathi ubeka izinga lokushisa ukusuka kuma-degrees angama-35 kuye kwangama-40, le ndlela izokusindisa isikhathi esibalulekile. Izimpande ezomile ziba nsundu futhi zibe nephunga elithile elibukhali. Ngemuva kokuthi i-1 kg yama-rhizomes esewomile ngokuphelele, izoba nesisindo esingama-0,2 kg.
Ukuze ama-rhizomes omisiwe e-valerian angalahlekelwa yizindawo zawo zokuphulukisa, iziqukathi ezivalwe ngokuqinile kufanele zisetshenziselwe ukugcina kwazo, ngaphandle kwalokho i-oyili engashintshi izothuthuka. Zingagcinwa kuze kube yiminyaka emithathu.
Izinhlobo ze-valerian ezinesithombe
Izinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu yiValerian officinalis. Ezinye izinhlobo zitshalwa abalimi kuphela njengezitshalo zokuhlobisa. Izinhlobo zokuhlobisa kakhulu:
I-Valerian Altai (Valeriana altaica) = (Valeriana turczaninovii = Valeriana heterophylla = Valeriana reverdattoana)
Umhlaba ongowokuzalwa walezi zinhlobo yiSiberia neNyakatho neMongolia. I-rhizome iyaphakama, amahlumela aqondile acishe abe nqunu noma angabi nalutho. Amapuleti weqabunga le-basal angaba nezingxenye ezi-2 ezingemuva noma zihlanganiswe, kuyilapho lezo ezicijile njengesiqu zinhlobo lwe-lyre-pinnate-dissected. I-caplect inflorescence kwezinye izikhathi inamakhanda amancane amancane. Izimbali ezi-pale pink zinomumo omncane wefreyimu. Izithelo ezinqunu zinombala onsomi.
UValeriana othanda itshe (uValeriana petrophila)
Lolu hlobo luvela eNyakatho neMongolia naseSiberia. I-rhizome ifushane, inama-lobes enezintambo, ekugcineni kwama-stolons yizinqwaba zamapuleti amaqabunga. Ku-1/3 amahlumela agobile noma akhuphukayo, ubude bawo angamasentimitha ayi-5-20, kukhona amapuleti eqabunga lobufazi. Amapuleti amaqabunga aphansi agoqwa ukuze kukhiqizwe akhulisiwe; anama-petioles amade. Amapuleti weqabunga le-Sedentary lama-pair angaphezulu angaphezulu aphelele noma abe nama-pair amabili ama-2-3 izingxenye ezincane eziseceleni. I-inflorescence eminyene ine-racemose, icishe ifomathi, iqukethe izimbali ezipinki. Lapho kufika isikhathi sokwenza izithelo, i-inflorescence ikhula ngokuqinile futhi ibe nokukhululeka.
UValerian unamanga (uValeriana supina)
Umhlaba ongowokuzalwa walolu hlobo yizifunda ezisempumalanga ye-Alps. I-basal rosette iqukethe amapuleti amaqabunga e-ovate e-round. Lesi sitshalo sikhula ngamaphilisi aluhlaza okotshani, ukuphakama kwawo kuyahlukahluka kusuka kumasentimitha amabili kuya kwayi-7. Ububanzi be-inflorescence obukhulu bufika ku-30 mm, ziqukethe izimbali ezincane eziphinki. Lolu hlobo lukhula ezingadini zamadwala njengendawo yesisekelo. Umgadli onjalo ukhula isibalo esikhulu sangaphansi komhlaba, ngakho uyakwazi ukubamba izindawo ezinkulu impela.
I-Valerian rocky (iValeriana saxicola)
Lesi sitshalo endle singatholakala ezintabeni zaseTurkey naseCaucasus endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1800-2500 ngaphezulu kolwandle. Ukuphakama kwesitshalo esinjalo esidlule asidluli amasentimitha ayi-15, akubakhi izihlahla ezinkulu kakhulu. Kukhona amapuleti ambalwa acwecile weqabunga. Ubude bamapuleti eqabunga le-basal acishe abe ngu-20 mm, banesimo esisezingeni eliphakathi nendawo, bakhonjwa. Amabhulashi we-compact aqukethe izimbali ezipinki.
Izinhlobo ezinjalo ze-valerian njengezintaba, ezinamaphiko amathathu, ama-caprate kanye ne-lipolist zisalinywa, kodwa kufanele kwaziwe ukuthi azinakho ukubukeka okumangazayo.
Izakhiwo zaseValerian - zilimaze futhi zizuze
Zuza
Kungani uValerian elusizo kangaka? Iqiniso ukuthi ama-rhizomes ayo aqukethe inani elikhulu lezinto eziwusizo ezifana: i-oyili ebalulekile, i-butyric, i-formic, i-malic ne-acetic acids, i-terpenoids, i-actinidin alkaloid, i-valerid glycoside, i-tarry ne-tannins, ushukela, i-isovalerianic acid, i-saponins, amavithamini, ama-macro- kanye nama-microelements (ngokwesibonelo, i-selenium nensimbi). Umzimba womuntu udinga zonke lezi zinto, futhi lokhu kungamandla okupholisa we-valerian. Kulesi simo, into ebaluleke kakhulu ingamafutha abalulekile.
Izindlela ezenziwe ngesisekelo seValerian officinalis zivame ukusetshenziswa ekwelapheni ukuphazamiseka kwezinzwa ezinjengokuwohloka kwemisipha, i-neurasthenia, ukuhlukunyezwa kokuqina nokuqaqanjelwa, ukuqwasha, ukuqaqanjelwa yimizwa kanye nokunye ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okungamahlalakhona. I-rhizome yalesi sitshalo inomphumela wokudonsela phansi, ngenxa yalokho esiza ukwenza buthaka ukujabha kohlelo lwezinzwa. Iphinde isetshenziswe njengento edonsela phansi i-renal and hepatic colic, hyperthyroidism, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, izifo ze-thyroid, i-neurodermatitis kanye ne-gastrointestinal tract spasms.
UValerian usiza ukunciphisa umfutho wegazi, ukhipha imithambo yegazi, futhi wehlise nemithambo yemithambo. ENgilandi naseJalimane, i-valerian yaziwa njengephilisi lokulala elisemthethweni. Cishe ½ labantu base-US abanenkinga yokulala nabo bayithatha njengamaphilisi okulala.
UValerian futhi usiza ukuvuselela umsebenzi oyimfihlo womgudu wokugaya ukudla kanye nokufihlwa kwe-bile, futhi ubuyekeze umsebenzi wenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Ibuye isetshenziselwe ukwehla kwesisindo, ngoba lesi sitshalo siyakwazi ukunciphisa isifiso sokudla, siqede indlala enamandla nokuzola. 1 tbsp. Ukufakwa kweValerian kungena esikhundleni sokudla okugcwele kanye nokwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kokukhuluphala.
Futhi, lesi sitshalo sokwelapha sisetshenziswa kakhulu ku-cosmetology, ngoba singasusa ubomvu, amashansi, ukwanda kokuzwa kwe-epidermis, futhi futhi singathuthukisa umbala wesikhumba.
Ekhemisi, ekuthengisweni kunamalungiselelo enziwe ngesisekelo se-valerian njenge Phytosedan, iqoqo lesisu No. 3, "ama-rhizomes omisiwe anezimpande" kanye neqoqo lokuzungeza No. 2. Amakhambi okupholisa avela kulembali enjalo angalungiswa ngokuzimela ezimweni zekamelo. Ukuze wenze i-decoction, kuyadingeka ukuhlanganisa i-1 tbsp. amanzi nezinkezo ezincane ezi-2 zezinto zokugaya ezisikiwe. Ingxube ibekwa ngomlilo futhi ivunyelwe ukubilisa isikhathi esingaphezu kwe-1 min. Ngemuva kwalokho iyasuswa esitofini, bese isembozo simbozwe ngesembozo, umkhiqizo uzobe usulungile ngemuva kwemizuzu engama-30, uhlala kuphela unzima. Udinga ukuphuza umhluzi amahlandla ama-3 noma ama-4 ngosuku ngemuva kokudla, isipuni esisodwa esikhulu esine-miconeurosis, i-palpitations, ukugabha nokuqwasha.
Contraindication
Awukwazi ukuthatha imali kusuka ku-valerian uye kubantu abangabekezeleli lesi sitshalo, nakulabo abane-hypertension kanye ne-Enterocolitis engalapheki. Ukuqapha ngomthamo lapho uthatha kufanele kukhonjiswe ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokuqunjelwa. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izidakamizwa ezinjengalezi zandisa ukwanda kwegazi, ngakho-ke azinconywa kubantu asebekhulile, kanye nalabo abaye bahlaselwa isifo sohlangothi noma isifo senhliziyo.
Lapho uthatha isidakamizwa saseValerian, umuntu angazizwa imiphumela engemihle elandelayo: ukozela, ukudangala okuncane noma ukusebenza okunciphile. Uma uzisebenzisa isikhathi eside, lapho-ke ungathola ukuvela kokungezwani komzimba noma ukuqunjelwa.
