Phakathi kwemifino - isitshalo seqanda endaweni evelele. Lesi sitshalo sivela emndenini osondelene, otholakala endle emazweni ashisayo aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Ezweni lethu, ama-amaqanda amaqanda akhula ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziseningizimu.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi eminyakeni engama-300 eyedlule, abantu baseYurophu besaba ukudla izithelo ze-isitshalo seqanda, bezicabanga ukuthi zinobuthi. Kodwa-ke, kamuva bakholwa ukuthi lokhu kudla okubalulekile futhi kungumkhiqizo wokwelapha: kuphatha i-atherosulinosis futhi kusiza i-cholesterol yegazi ephansi. Izithelo ziqukethe usawoti we-calcium, i-iron, i-potassium eningi, evamisa amandla emetabolism yamanzi, futhi futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kwemisipha yenhliziyo. I-Eggplant nayo iyisitolo samavithamini C, iqembu B, PP, carotene (provitamin A).
Isitshalo seqanda (Solánum melongéna)Ngokuqagela okulinganiselwe, isidingo somuntu sonyaka se-isitshalo seqanda singanelisa ngesivuno se-4-5 m2 (Izitshalo ezingama-40-50).
Isitshalo seqanda sisetshenziselwa ukulungisa i-caviar, igcwele, ama-marinade kanye no-ukhukhamba enziwa. Ngokuqukethwe kwe-caloric, izithelo ziseduze neklabishi elimhlophe. I-eggplant ehlanganisiwe ihlobisa itafula kahle. Banosawoti njengamatamatisi.
Ukubukeka kwezinto eziphilayo
Isiqu se-isitshalo seqanda siyindilinga, sinamandla, siluhlaza, kwesinye isikhathi singwephukile engxenyeni engenhla. Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezinesiqu esigcwele onsomi. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kuyahlukahluka kusuka kuma-25 kuye kwangama-150 cm. Amaqabunga makhulu, ahlelwe eduze kwesiqu, sibumbeke ngokuphelele noma asinqunyelwe.
Amaqabunga e-eggplant nezimbali (Amaqabunga nezimbali ze-isitshalo seqanda)Izimbali zikhulu, ziyabola, azishadi noma ziqoqwe ngebhulashi. Umbala we-corolla uvame kakhulu ukuba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izithelo - i-bval e-oval, ebunjiwe noma eyenziwe yisi-cylindrical. Umbala ungaba mhlophe, uluhlaza okotshani noma onsomi ngethoni ehlukahlukene. Ubude bezithelo buyi-5-15 cm. Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezinto eziphilayo, izithelo zikhanya, zithole umbala kusuka ku-brown-yellow to green-green. Isisindo lisukela ku-50 kuye ku-1400 g. Uma usika izithelo, inyama izoba mhlophe noma ukhilimu nge-tint eluhlaza emaphethelweni. Konke kuminyene futhi kulele.
Imbewu ingumbala ophuzi, ileyili osesimweni, igobolondo labo libushelelezi. Uhlelo lwezimpande kuma-ama-eggplant lunamandla, luyakha amagatsha amaningi, lutholakala ikakhulu emhlabathini olinganiselayo womhlaba ekujuleni kwama-30- 40 cm, futhi kwesinye isikhathi luze lujule.
Isitshalo sifuna amandla okushisa futhi si-hygrophilous. Imbewu imila kumazinga okushisa angaphansi kwe-15 °. Uma izinga lokushisa lingaphezulu kwama-25-30 °, khona-ke izithombo zivele zivele ngosuku lwe-8-9. Izinga lokushisa elihle lokukhula nentuthuko lingama-22-30 °. Ngokushisa okuphezulu kakhulu futhi kunomswakama onganele womoya nenhlabathi, izitshalo ziphonsa izimbali. Uma izinga lokushisa lomoya lehla laya ku-12 °, khona-ke isitshalo seqanda siyayeka ukukhula. Ngokuvamile, bakhula kancane kunokuba utamatisi.
Isitshalo seqanda (isitshalo seqanda sezithelo)
Nisela kakhulu. Ukuntuleka kokuswakama kwenhlabathi kunciphisa umkhiqizo, kwandisa ukudabuka nokubi kwesithelo. Kepha kubi futhi kunamanzi; esimweni sezulu esivele sikhona, ngokwesibonelo, isitshalo seqanda singaba nesifo.
Inhlabathi enhle kakhulu yalesi sitshalo semifino ilula, iyisakhiwo, ivundiswa kahle. Kuyaphawuleka: ngokuntuleka kwe-nitrogen enhlabathini, ukukhula kweziqongo kunciphisa, futhi lokhu kuthembisa ukwehla kwesivuno (izithelo ezimbalwa zizotshalwa). Umquba wePhosphorus uthinta kahle ukukhula kwezimpande, ukwakheka kwamahlamvu, amaqanda, ukusheshisa ukuvuthwa kwezithelo. I-Potassium inomthelela ekuqongeleleni okusebenzayo kwama-carbohydrate. Ngokuntuleka kwe-potassium enhlabathini, ukukhula kwe-isitshalo seqanda kuma, bese kuvela amabala ansundu emaphethelweni amaqabunga nezithelo. Ukuze isitshalo sibe nempilo, kudingeka ukulandelela izinto ezidingekayo: usawoti we-manganese, i-boron, i-iron, okufanele usetshenziswe ku-10 m2 0.05-0.25 g ngamunye.
Izinhlobo
Izimo zenhlabathi nezimo zezulu zaseCrimea zithanda kakhulu isiko lama-isitshalo seqanda.
Lapha, kutholakala izinhlobo ezintathu ezimangalisayo: Ukuvunwa kweDonetsk, Simferopol 105, Universal 6.
Ezihlukahlukene Simferopol 105 kufakwe esiteshini sokuhlola i-simferopol yemifino-melon. Isihlahla sivele, ukuphakama kwesitshalo kungamaphesenti angama-31 - 71. Umbala weziqu nezindawo okuluhlaza uluhlaza, kanti ngaphezulu kun nsomi. Amacembe aluhlaza grey, avela kancane. Isimbali esine-halo ebomvu-onsomi. Izithelo zisejamojolo ngesimo, ubude be-16 cm, ama-6 cm cm, isisindo sezithelo sisuka ku-300 siye ku-1400 g. Umbala we-isitshalo seqanda esivuthiwe ungumbala onsomi omnyama, onobuhle obonakalayo. Uginindela unokhilimu, onephunga eliluhlaza okotshani, onomusa, ngaphandle komunyu. Izinhlobonhlobo maphakathi nesizini. Ukusuka kuzithombo kuya ekuvuneni kokuqala kwezithelo, kudlula izinsuku ezingama-120 kuya ku-55, kuze kufike imbewu - izinsuku eziyi-172. Unqabe ekuthandeni. Izinhlobonhlobo azimelani nokubanda.
IDonetsk ithela izithelo kufakwe esiteshini sokuhlola se-Donetsk-melon. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo sezivuthiwe zakuqala, ukusuka ekuhlumeni kuya ekuvuneni kuthatha izinsuku eziyi-110 kuya kwezingu-15. Ukuthatha izithelo kunwetshwa izinyanga ezimbili. Engxenyeni yokuqala yokwenza izithelo, ukubuya kunomusa. Kufika ku-15 izithelo ezitshalweni. Isisindo esimaphakathi sezithelo singama-140-160 g. Izithelo ziyi-cylindrical, thinta inhlabathi noma zilele kuso. Ubude bezithelo buyi-15 cm, ububanzi be-4 cm, umbala onsomi onsomi. Uginindela umhlophe.
I-Wagon 6 kufakwe esiteshini sokuhlola seVolgograd. Izinhlobonhlobo maphakathi nesizini. Isihlahla asiphezulu. Izithelo ziyindilinga futhi ziyindilinga ngesimo, ngesikhathi sokukhetha umbala onsomi onsomi, ubude obu-12-17 cm, cm cm ubukhulu, isisindo sawo singama-120 g. Inyama imhlophe, inombala obomvana. Izithelo zakheka ndawonye.
Ubuchwepheshe bezolimo
Sibeka ama-ama-eggplant emva kwabokuqala abaphambili, zingama-gourds, iklabishi, u-anyanisi, izitshalo zezimpande. Sibuyisela ama-eggplants endaweni yazo yasekuqaleni hhayi ekuqaleni kweminyaka emi-2-3. Uma uzigcina zisendaweni efanayo naphakade, izitshalo zihlushwa izifo zokukhunta kanye namagciwane. Sitshala endaweni evulekile, enokhanyayo.
Ngemuva kokuvuna isiko langaphambilini, sisula ngokushesha inhlabathi yezinsalela zezitshalo, sigcwalise nge-humus ngesilinganiso sama-80-100 kg, i-superphosphate - 400-450 g, usawoti we-potassium - 100-150 g nge-10 m2.
Simba indawo ngokujula kwama-25-28 cm ukusuka ekuweni. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho nje umhlabathi womile, senza ukukhipha. Kakade ngo-Ephreli sethula umanyolo we-nitrogen (urea) ngethamo lika-300 g nge-10 m2 ngokushumeka ekujuleni okungama-6-8 cm.
Isitshalo seqanda (Solánum melongéna)Umkhuba ukhombisa ukuthi ukuhlwanyela ngembewu enkulu ehleliwe kukhulisa umkhiqizo. Ungahlela kanjani imbewu? Ukuze wenze lokhu, uthele amalitha ama-5 amanzi ebhakedeni, ubeke lapho i-50 g ye-sodium chloride. Lapho usawoti usuchithile, silele imbewu, bese siyivusa imizuzu eyi-1-2, emva kwalokho sime imizuzu emi-3-5. Ngemuva kwalokho faka imbewu ngesisombululo bese ulahla okusele ngamanzi ahlanzekile amahlandla ayisihlanu kuya kwayisithupha. Ngemuva kokugeza, imbewu enkulu enesisindo egcwele ibekwa emgqonyeni womile bese yomile.
Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, kuyinto efiselekayo ukunquma ukuhluma kwezimbewu. Ngale njongo, kupuleti encane embozwe ngesihlungi
Isimbali seqanda
iphepha, usakaze izingcezu zezimbewu ezingama-50 noma eziyi-100, uthambisa kancane iphepha bese ufaka efasiteleni elisendlini efudumele. Lapho imbewu iluma (ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-5-7), sibala amaphesenti wokuhluma. Lokhu kusiza ekugwemeni izithombo ezi-sparse.
Ama-eggplant ama-Crimean balima-amateur akhula ngezithombo. Kuyatholakala ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo ezinengqimba yomquba ongu-50-60 cm. Ukuhlwanyela imbewu ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo kwenziwa ekuqaleni kukaMashi, okungukuthi, izinsuku ezingama-55-60 ngaphambi kokudlulisela izithombo endaweni enaphakade. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, izingxenye zokhuni zokugcina ukushisa ziphathwa ngesixazululo se-10% se-bleach noma isixazululo esibi se-lime esisanda kufakwa. Ukwakhiwa kwenhlabathi: umhlaba wefudu oxutshwe ne-humus kwisilinganiso 2: 1. Inhlabathi ebamba ukushisa ithululelwa phezu komquba ngesendlalelo esingamasentimitha ayi-15-16. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, inhlabathi inambitheka nge-superphosphate ngesilinganiso sama-250 g ngefreyimu eyodwa eluhlaza (1.5 m2) I-8-10 g yembewu ihlwanyelwa ngaphansi kohlaka nge-seeding ekujuleni kwe-1-2 cm .. ngesakhiwo esingu-10 m2 vele ukhule izithombo eziyi-100. Umbuso wokushisa ngesikhathi sokuhluma kwembewu ugcinwa ungakapheli u-25-30 °. Ngokuqala kwezithombo, izinga lokushisa phakathi nezinsuku zokuqala eziyi-6 liyancishiswa libe ngu-16-16 °. Ngemuva kwalokho izinga lokushisa lilawulwa: phakathi nosuku abalusekela ngo-16-26 °, ebusuku ngo-10-14 °.
Isitshalo seqandaAbalimi bayazi ukuthi uhlelo lwezimpande se-isitshalo seqanda Kunzima ukubuyiselwa futhi, edwengulwa ngesikhathi transplantation, lags ngemuva ekukhuleni. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukukhulisa izithombo kumabhodwe we-peat. Kwamabhodwe, inhlanganisela enempilo ilungiselelwe izingxenye eziyi-8 ze-humus, izingxenye ezi-2 zomhlaba we-turf, 1 ingxenye ye-mullein ngokufakwa cishe kwe-10 g ye-urea, 40-50 g ye-superphosphate ne-4-5 g kasawoti we-potassium ngebhakede. Ubukhulu bezimbiza bungama-6x6 cm.Izinsuku ezingama-3-4 ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, amabhodwe afakwa ngokuqinile ku-greenhouse efudumele enobukhulu bomhlaba obungu-5-6 cm. Uma amabhodwe esomile, anoswakama bese imbewu engu-3-4 ibekwa kulowo nalowo. Ukusuka phezulu, imbewu ifafazwa nomhlaba ngesendlalelo esingu-1 - 2 cm.
Ukunisela izithombo ezindlini zokugcina izithombo njengoba kudingeka, imvamisa lokhu kwenziwa ekuseni futhi ngasikhathi sinye abaphethe abamba ukushisa. Esikhathini sezulu esibandayo esinamafu awukwazi ukunisela.
Izithombo zidinga umsoco owengeziwe. Kulokhu, i-50 g ye-superphosphate, ama-20 ammonium sulfate no-16 g kasawoti we potassium athathwa ebhakedeni lamanzi. Ukusuka ekugqokeni i-organic top, i-mullein, eyehla inyoni noma ama-slurry asetshenzisiwe. Ama-bird droppings ne-mullein aqala ukugcotshwa ngebhubhu (izinsuku ezingama-3-5). Uketshezi oluvundisiwe luhlanjululwe ngamanzi: isixazululo sokudonsa kwezinyoni izikhathi eziyi-15 - 20 (ezitshalweni ezincane esigabeni seqabunga leqiniso lokuqala) noma izikhathi eziyi-10-15 (ngezithombo ezinamaqabunga ama-4-5). Isixazululo seMullein sihlanjululwe ngamanzi izikhathi ezingama-3-5, bese kuthi ukujikijela izikhathi ezi-2 kuya kwezi-2. Ukugqokwa kwe-organic kanye ne-mineral kungenye indlela. Ukugqoka kokuqala okuphezulu (okunomanyolo we-organic) kwenziwa ezinsukwini eziyi-10-15 ngemuva kokuvela, owesibili - ezinsukwini eziyi-10 emva kokugqoka kokuqala okuphezulu ngamanyolo angenamaminerali. Ngemuva kokugqoka okuphezulu, izithombo ziniselwa kancane ngamanzi ahlanzekile ukugeza amaconsi esisombululo.
Isitshalo seqanda (Solánum melongéna)Izinsuku eziyi-10-15 ngaphambi kokutshala, izithombo ziqine: ukunisela kuyancishiswa, ifreyimu isuswe (okokuqala kuphela ngosuku, bese
Isitshalo seqanda (Solánum melongéna)
kuya ngokushisa komoya kosuku lonke). Izinsuku ezingama-5 ukuya kwezingu-10 ngaphambi kokutshala endaweni engapheli, izitshalo zifafazwa ngesisombululo se-0.5% se-sulfate yethusi (50 g nge-10 l lamanzi) ukuvikela izitshalo fungus
izifo.
Izithombo ze-eggplant ngesikhathi sokutshala endaweni ehlala njalo kufanele zibe namaqabunga eqiniso angama-5-6, isiqu esikhulu kanye nesistimu yezimpande eyenziwe kahle.
Ngobusuku bokutshala, izithombo endaweni ebamba ukushisa ziniselwa kakhulu. Baqala ukutshala izithombo lapho amathuba eqhwa anyamalala, okungukuthi, ekugcineni kokuqala noma ekuqaleni kweminyaka eyishumi kaMeyi (eCrimea). Ukubambezeleka ekutshaleni izithombo ngisho nezinsuku ezingama-7-10 kuholela ekwehleni kwesivuno.
Izithombo ezikhule ngaphandle kwezimbiza ziyakhethwa, zigcina inqwaba yomhlaba. Kutshalwe ekujuleni kwama-7-8 cm, 1.5 cm ngokujula kunentamo yezimpande. Ama-Aisles ashiya u-60-70 cm, izikhala phakathi kwezitshalo zilandelana ka-20-25 cm. Uma inhlama yomhlaba ezimpandeni ibuthaka, lapho-ke isampula yezithombo, izimpande zigxilisiwe ku-mullein kusuka ku-mullein ngobumba. Qaphela futhi: Izithombo ezibunjiwe zinezimpande ngokushesha, zinikeze isivuno esiphakeme, futhi ziyithatha izinsuku ezingama-20-25 ngaphambili.
Ukunakekelwa okuningana
Sitshala izithombo ze-eggplant enhlabathini enomswakama esimweni sezulu esinamafu noma ntambama. Ngakho-ke izitshalo zinezimpande ezingcono. Sinciphisa umhlaba eduze nezimpande bese siwuthambisa ngokushesha. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-3-4, endaweni yezithombo esewile, sitshala okusha bese senza ukuthambisa kwesibili (ama-200 l, ukunisela kanye namazinga okunisela anikezwa ku-10 m2).
Inani eliphelele lokunisela kwehlobo liyi-9-10, ngezinsuku ezingama-7-9. Ngemuva kokunisela ngakunye, sikhulula inhlabathi ibe ngu-8-10 cm, ngesikhathi esifanayo ukhula luyasuswa. Ukondliwa kokuqala kwenziwa ezinsukwini eziyi-15 ukuya kwezingu-20 emva kokudlulisa izithombo (urea 100-150 g). Sinikeza ukugqoka kwesibili okuphezulu emasontweni amathathu ngemuva kwekhambi lokuqala (isisombululo se-superphosphate esingu-150 g no-urea 100 g). Gcwalisa umanyolo nge-chopper ekujuleni kuka-8-10 cm bese uwaphuza ngokushesha. Ekuqaleni kokuqhakaza izithelo, ukondla nge-mullein entsha (ama-6 kg kg) kanye namanzi okunisela kuyasebenza. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-15 - 20, ukugqoka okuphezulu nge-mullein okusha kungaphindwa.
Isitshalo seqanda (Solánum melongéna)Izitshalo ezingamaqanda zingase zihlaselwe ibhungane lamazambane leColorado. Ngokulwa nalesi sinambuzane esinobungozi, sisebenzisa isixazululo sama-chlorophos we-0.3% okuhlushwa (30 g wezidakamizwa ngama-10 amalitha amanzi). Isiginali yesicelo - ukuqandelwa izibungu zamabhungane.
Silwa nesifo sokubuna ngokunisela izitshalo ngesikhathi esingashisi sosuku, ngemuva kokunisela ngakunye sikhulula inhlabathi, simboze ingaphezulu lomhlabathi ngotshani, ikakhulukazi ezungeze izitshalo, ukuze kugwenywe ukugcotshwa okungaphezulu kwenhlabathi engaphezulu.
ECrimea, kukhona indlela yesithombo yokutshala isitshalo seqanda. Lapha isimo esinqumayo ukugcinwa komswakama enhlabathini ngesikhathi sokutshala. Futhi-ke, udinga ukulungisa inhlabathi ngokucophelela, uyilinganise bese uhlanganisa ungqimba olungaphezulu ngaphambi nangemva kokuhlwanyela. Ukuhlwanyelwa kubekwe eshumini lesibili sika-Ephreli, imbewu ihlwanyelwa ekujuleni kuka-2-3 cm ngesilinganiso se-2-2,5 g yembewu nge-10 m2. Sishiya izikhala zemigqa ezingaba ngu-70 cm. Sihlela izitshalo zilandelana emva kuka-20 cm. Ukunakekela okuthe xaxa kokuhlwanyela kuyafana nakwizithombo. Ama-eggplant angenayo inzalo amelana kakhulu nokufisa kunezithombo, kodwa ukuvuna kwawo kubuyela emuva kwesikhathi.
Imvamisa, sisusa izithelo zokuqala ezinsukwini ezingama-20- 35 ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali. Siqoqa njalo ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-5-6. Sika izithelo ngommese noma secateurs ngengxenye yesiqu, ukuze ungalimazi izitshalo, uzifake ebhakedeni noma kubhasikidi bese uzigcina egumbini elipholile kuze kube yilapho sezisebenzisa. Awukwazi ukuzisusa izithelo ngezandla zakho, ngoba lokhu, izihlahla zifa ngokushesha. Siphetha ukuvuna izithelo ngaphambi kwesithwathwa, njengoba izithelo eziqandisiwe zilahlekelwa ukunambitheka kwazo.
Isitshalo seqanda (Solánum melongéna)Ngembewu, sikhetha izithelo ezinhle kakhulu ezitshalweni ezinempilo, ziklebhule ngokuvuthwa okuvela lapho isitshalo seqanda siguqula umbala waso o-violet sibe nsundu noma siphuzi. Siqoqa izithelo eziqoqwe zinenqwaba lapho zilala khona isonto lonke zize zithambe, bese zisikwa ukuze zihlukanise uginindela. Imbewu ekhishiwe ifakwa embizeni yengilazi izinsuku ezingama-3-5, bese ihlanzwa, emva kwalokho sisabalalisa ungqimba omncane ngendwangu bese yomile emthunzini.
Ngenhloso yokudla, isitshalo seqanda sisuswa endaweni ebizwa ngokuthi ubuchwepheshe obuvuthiwe, lapho izithelo ziqinile.
Konke okuchazwe lapha mayelana nokutshalwa kwama-eggplant eCrimea kufanelekile nakwezinye izindawo eziseningizimu zezwe.
