Ingadi yonyaka yezimbali osteospermum ingeyomndeni ka-aster. Okuncane-okwaziwayo phakathi kwabatshali bezimbali, lesi sitshalo sifana kakhulu nama-daisies, ama-asters kanye nama-daisies. Izwe lakubo ngamazwe ase-Afrika, ngakho-ke igama lesibili le-steosperm lithi “chamomile yase-Afrika”. NgoJuni, kuqhakaza kuvela imbali, eqhakaza futhi iqhume kuze kube yilapho kuphela iqhwa ekwindla. Ukunakekela kulula kakhulu, futhi kulula ukukhulisa i-steospermum yesakhiwo sakho segadi kusuka imbewu.
I-Osteospermum: isithombe, incazelo, izinhlobo
I-chamomile yase-Afrika isihlahla esikhulu esinamagquma aqinile, anamahlamvu, asakazwa ngamahlamvu aminyene. Amaqabunga ayo ahlukanisayo, angahlukanisiwe kahle anejamo le-ovoid futhi angaba luhlaza okhanyayo, ompunga noma omile.
I-Terry noma i-semi-double inflorescence ebangeni ifinyelela ku-3-8 cm. Siqukethe izimbali eziphakathi nendawo ezingamhlanga nezisemuva. Ngokuya ngohlobo nezinhlobonhlobo, izimbali eziphakathi zivame ukuba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izimbali ezinciphile zingaba ngemibala ehlukahlukene kusuka kokumhlophe kuya kokwephuzi. Izinhlobonhlobo ezinamawolintshi, aphuzi, onsomi, apinki nezimbali ezibomvu azivamile.
I-inflorescence ngayinye ihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku ezinhlanu. Kepha endaweni yayo ukuqhakaza okusha kwakheka ngokushesha, ngenxa yokuthi lesi sitshalo ngokuqhubekayo futhi siqhakaza isikhathi eside. Isimo sezulu esihle, ukuqhakaza kungaqhubeka cishe kuze kube maphakathi nekwindla.
Izimbali ezinhle ze-osteosperm vula phakathi nosuku ngosuku olucacile, ebusuku nasekuseni elinamafu bayazivalela. Le mpahla yesitshalo ivikela impova yembali ekuvezweni umswakama noma imvula yasebusuku.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo
Amabhuthi we-osteosperm angaba ubude nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, aqhakaze ngezimbali ezinemibala ehlukahlukene. Konke kuncike ezinhlotsheni nasezinhlotsheni, ukuhlukahluka kwawo okudumile nge-chamomile yase-Afrika. Ezinye izinhlobo ezi-hybrid zihlukaniswa uhlobo olungandile lwezimbali zomhlanga.
Osteospermum Eklon noma Carpathian Daisy isihlahla sangemuva esithanda ukushisaNgakho-ke, ezifundeni ezinobusika obubandayo, sikhula njengonyaka. Lesi sitshalo sikhula sifinyelela kumitha owodwa ukuphakama, sinezihlahla eziqondile ezinesihlahla esiqondile namaqabunga okuhlobisa. Ngokwesisekelo seCarpathian daisy, abafuyi bezitshalo bafuye izinhlobo eziningi ezi-hybrid, ngasinye sazo sihlukile ngesimo nangombala wamaphalishi nosayizi wamabhasi.
I-Perceptible osteospermum iyinhlobo entsha ye-chamomile yase-Afrika. Isici saso esihlukile ngukushintsha kombala kwezilwane ezifuywayo njengezimbali eziqhakazayo. Emaphethelweni, angaba mhlophe, futhi imbali eqhakaze ngokuphelele ingaba nombala onsomi. Kulokhu, ingxenye engenhla ye-petal ihlala ilula ukwedlula ephansi. Isikhathi sokuphila sembali ngayinye kusuka ezinsukwini eziyi-10 kuye kwezingu-15. Ngemuva kwalokho, umbala wamacembe uphinde uphinde ukhanye, bese imbali iyaphela. I-Osteospermum iyabonakala, uma uyiqhathanisa neCarpathian daisy, ekulimeni kunzima kakhulu.
I-Osteospermum: Ukulima nokunakekelwa
I-chamomile yase-Afrika ithanda izindawo ezinokhanyo kahle nenhlabathi evundile. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka kuye ukuthi akhethe indawo enelanga futhi ayicebise ngengxube yezakhi ngaphambi kokutshala. Lokhu ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo udinga ukuzixuba:
- ishidi lomhlaba;
- umhlaba wefudu;
- humus;
- isihlabathi.
Inhlabathi yezilimo esele ilungisiwe ithululelwa emgodini lapho sitshalwe khona lesi sitshalo.
Izitshalo zingama-thermophilic, kepha ziyakwazi ukubekezelela amaqandeni amancane. Ebusika, abanye abalimi bayakwazi ukumba izihlahla zesitshalo bese bezigcina ekhaya ukuze baphinde bazitshala engadini yasentwasahlobo.
Ukunisela nokondla
I-Osteosparmum yisitshalo esingabekezeleli isomiso esivumelayo. Uzobekezelela isimo sezulu esishisayo kanye nokuntuleka kwesikhashana kokunisela ngokuthula. Noma kunjalo ukuntuleka komswakama kuthinta izimbalialahlekelwe i-terry, ukuhlobisa kwawo bese eba mncane.
I-Carpathian daisy ayikuthandi ukufaka amanzi, ngakho-ke, lapho uyinakekela, kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi inhlabathi ephakathi kokunisela iyoma futhi amanzi awagxili kuyo.
Isihluthulelo sokutshala ngempumelelo kanye nokuqhakaza kwezimbali eziningi ze-osteosperm ukuondla kwayo njalo. Kulokhu, umanyolo wamaminerali kanye ne-organic asetshenziswa ngokuhlukile. Ukuze amahlahla akhula ngokushesha angelula, kepha igatsha, anconywa ngezikhathi ezithile ukucindezela.
Maphakathi nehlobo, emazingeni okushisa ashisayo, i-chamomile yase-Afrika ingayeka ukubeka ama-buds amasha nezimbali. Kepha kuzoqhakaza futhi ngokwezwi nezwi ngokushesha nje lapho ukushisa kunciphile.
Izinambuzane nezifo
I-Osteospermum iyisitshalo esimelana nemithi, esivimbela ukungenwa izifo kanye nokuhlaselwa kwezinambuzane.
Kodwa-ke, uma ukutshala kwama-shrub kwenzeka emthunzini, lapho inhlabathi imanzi ngaso sonke isikhathi, lokhu kungaholela ekunciphiseni kokungazinzi komzimba. Kulokhu, isitshalo kungenzeka isengozini yezifo zokukhunta. Izimpande zalo ziqala ukubola, nesihlahla uqobo siyabuna. I-Osteospermum ingasindiswa ngokudlulisela endaweni enokhanyayo kahle, ngemuva kokuphatha izimpande ngemithi ekhethekile ye-antifungal.
Izitshalo ezingaguliswa zingathinta ama-aphid. Izinambuzane zihlala emaqabungeni naseziqu, bese zidla ujusi wazo. Ngenxa yalokhu, amaqabunga aphenduka aphuzi futhi awe, futhi isihlahla uqobo siqala ukubuna. Ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane kufanele kwenziwe ngokufafaza ngama-insecticides akhethekile.
Ubusika
I-Osteospermum ingasinda ebusika emhlabathini ovulekile kuphela ezimeni ezibandayo ezinamazinga okushisa angaphansi kwe--10 degrees. Kepha uma ugaya isihlahla, usilime endaweni epholile, kepha ekhanyayo, lapho entwasahlobo, lesi sitshalo singaphinde sitshalwe endaweni yaso engadini. Ukunakekelwa kwasebusika kuzoba kuphela kokunisela okuncane.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-osteosperm
Carpathian Daisy ingasakazwa ngezindlela ezimbili:
- imbewu;
- ukusika.
Ukusakazwa kwembewu
Izithombo zihlwanyelwa ngoMashi noma ngo-Ephreli. Imbewu eyomile ihlwanyelwa kumathebula we-peat noma izithombo enomhlabathi we-peat-sand. Abaningi bazinyusela ngephutha, ngoba imbewu ye-osteoperum ifana nembewu ejwayelekile. Kepha lesi sitshalo empeleni asikuthandi ukufaka amanzi, ngakho-ke esikhathini esizayo amahlumela angabola.
Imbewu ibekwa ekujuleni okungadluli ku-0,5 cm. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa i-skewer noma isixubho, usicindezela emhlabathini omanzi. Kumbozwe ngengilazi noma nge-polyethylene, ibhokisi libekwa endaweni efudumele enamazinga okushisa okungenani angama-20- + 22 degrees. Amahlumela okuqala kufanele avele avele ngosuku lwesihlanu noma lwesikhombisa ngemuva kokutshala.
Ukunakekela izithombo I-steoperma imi ngalendlela elandelayo:
- Umthamo wokumila usethwe endaweni ekhanyiswe kahle, kodwa ebanda kakhulu.
- Izithombo ziniselwa njalo, kepha ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amanzi awagxili emhlabathini.
- Ngemuva kokuvela kweqabunga leqiniso lesibili noma lesithathu, imbewu itshalwa ezitsheni ezihlukile. Uma enwetshiwe kakhulu, khona-ke ungagobisa ngesineke isiqu, usibeka endaweni yokubhula bese usigcwalisa ngomhlaba.
- Unganciphisa ukunwetshwa futhi uvuse izimbali ezinhle kakhulu ngokunamathisela isitshalo ngemuva kokukhetha.
- Ngokuqala kwenyanga entwasahlobo edlule, izithombo ekhaya kufanele ziqale ukuba lukhuni. Kulokhu, kwenziwa nge-loggia ekhazinyulisiwe noma vula amafasitela.
Ekupheleni kukaMeyi, izithombo zingatshalwa endaweni ehlala njalo yokulima. Ibanga phakathi kwezihlahla ezincane kufanele okungenani libe ngu-20-25 cm. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala, ukunakekelwa kubandakanya ukunisela izitshalo ekuseni nakusihlwa.
Izimbumbulu
Izilimo zivunwa emahlathini ama-steosperm ambiwa ekwindla futhi zigcinwe kuze kube sentwasahlobo. Ngosizo lwabo, esihlahleni esisodwa ungathola unyaka ngamunye ongacabangi, ovela ngezimbali ezinhle.
Ama-cuttings angama-5-7 cm ubude usike ngommese obukhali. Amacembe aphansi ayasuswa, bese izingxenye zifakwa esitsheni esine-substrate emanzi. Ungasebenzisa i-vermiculite, i-perlite noma i-moss ene-hydrogel.
Izimbambo zimbozwe nge-polyethylene noma iziqukathi zengilazi futhi zivezwe endaweni ekhanyiswe kahle, efudumele. Zonke izinsuku zidinga ukufakwa umoya omncane, nenhlabathi ihlale ifafazwa. Yikuphi ukusika okwenziwe izimpande kungabonakala cishe ezinsukwini eziyishumi.
Okungacabangi ekunakekeleni, ama-osteosparmums amahle nezimbali ende alungile ukwakhiwa kwemibhede yezimbali nemingcele engadini, imihlobiso yamakhalkoni nama-loggias, imibhede yezimbali eduze kweziphephe. Otshalwe emtshalweni obambekayo uCarpathian daisy angatshalwa ngisho nasekhaya.
