Ezivandeni, hhayi izihlahla ezijwayelekile nezihlahla nje ezivame ukutshala, kodwa futhi nezangaphandle, okubandakanya i-quince yaseJapan. Elinye igama nguHenomeles. Ikhaya lesitshalo yiJapan. Kuyatholakala naseChina naseKorea, kepha kuhlukahluka kuphela. Futhi, lesi sihlahla sitshalwe ezingadini zase-Ukraine naseRussia. Ama-Quince akhetha ukukhula emathafeni, emithambekeni yezintaba (kuze kufike ku-1,4 km ngaphezu kolwandle), imiphetho yamahlathi, ukusulwa nokucaciswa. Ingatholakala ezindaweni ezinamathuku kanye nezidumbu zamanzi.
I-quince yaseJapan: isithombe nencazelo yesihlahla
Lesi sitshalo siwumuthi ophansi noma isihlahlana esinqunyiwe esifinyelela kumamitha amathathu futhi siphila iminyaka engama-60-80. Izici ezihlukile ze-quince yilezi:
- Amagatsha. Njengoba benamakha futhi bependwe emjondolo oluhlaza okotshani, ngemuva kwesikhashana, njengoba bekhula, bathola umbala onsundu. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-pubescence yabo ilahlekile. Umbala omnyama wezinso. Amagxolo mancane, acwebile, apendwe ngombala ompunga omnyama noma obomvu onsundu. Emagatsheni we-petiole kukhona amaqabunga acwebezelayo, amaqanda angamasentimitha ayi-5 onqenqemeni olufushane.
- Izimbali zinama-petals wesimo se-obovate ngombala obomvu we-orange, ububanzi bawo bufinyelela ku-4 cm.
- Izithelo zi-apula zamanga, ngesimo sazo sifana nethanga noma i-apula elingaba ngu-4 cm ngokujikeleza, embozwe isikhumba esincane se-pubescent. Kepha ipulpiti, inzima, i-tart-tart, i-astringent.
Ukubuyekezwa kwamakhemikhali
Izithelo ze-Quince ziqukethe isitolo sezakhi ezisebenzayo zomzimba. Ngakho-ke, i-Vitamin C kuyo icishe ibe ngu-100-150 mg, ngaphandle kwayo, amavithamini E, B1, PP, A, B2, K, B6, ama-acid acic ahlukahlukene (i-citric, i-malic, i-tartronic), ama-acid acid, amaprotheni, ushukela, i-fructose, ama-tannins atholakala izinto, ama-ethyl esters, ama-antioxidants, ushukela, ama-pectin, izakhi zamaminerali ezinjenge-calcium, i-boron, i-iron, ifosforasi, ithusi, i-zinc, i-pectins, i-silicon.
Imbewu ye-Quince iqukethe: i-amygdalin glycoside, isitashi, i-glycerides ye-myristic ne-isoleic acid, i-mucus, tannins, kufaka phakathi i-tannin.
Ukulima nokunakekela
Akunazinkinga ekukhuleni kwe-quince. Ukuze uthuthuke kahle futhi ukhule kahle, kufanele ulandele zonke izidingo.
Lapho ubeka khona
Izihlahlana ze-Quince zithanda ukukhanyiswa okuhle, ngakho-ke udinga ukukhetha izindawo ezikhanyisiwe kusayithi lakho. Ngokuyinhloko, lesi sitshalo sikhula kahle emthunzini, kodwa ngeke uthole noma yisiphi izithelo kuwo.
Qaphela ikakhulukazi lapho utshala futhi unakekela i-quince yaseJapan emadolobheni aphansi. Kuzo zonke izinhlobo ezikhona, ubusika obuningi kahle ngaphandle kokushisa. Kepha uma kubanda kakhulu ebusika, izitshalo zonyaka zingabanda. Kunconywa ukutshala izihlahla ezindaweni lapho iqhwa eliningi liwela khona. Futhi uma ubusika obunzima buhlala bukhona, izihlahlana zembozo zifihla ngesihlahla sonwele sasebusika.
Inhlabathi
IHenomeles izizwa imnandi kunoma yimuphi umhlabathi. Izintandokazi zingubumba olungavuthiwe nesihlabathi esimpofu. Kepha adinga ukuvundiswa nge-humus futhi anyiswe. Inhlabathi yesaline ne-limestone ayamukeleki ngokwezigaba.
Ukufakelwa
Ngokutshala, isihlabathi, inhlabathi eshidi kanye ne-peat kuxutshwe ku-1: 2: 2. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kumanyolo kufakwa emgodini: i-superphosphate (0.2 kg), amabhakede ama-1-2 we-humus (amabhakede angama-1-2), i-potassium nitrate (0.3 kg), umlotha (0.5 kg).
Ama-Quince bush atshala amakhophi ama-3-5 eqenjini elilodwa. Izitshalo zabantu abadala zitholakala kude kude nemitha ukusuka komunye nomunye, ukuze izitshalo zikhule kahle.
Ukukhula okusha kuthwalwa kangcono emhlabathini endaweni ehlala njalo lapho kufika intwasahlobo, lapho umhlabathi uncibilika. Kungenzeka ukutshala ama-quinces ekwindla yaseJapan ngesikhathi sokuwa kwamaqabunga asindayo. Kepha lokhu kugcwele iqiniso lokuthi lesi sitshalo asinaso isikhathi esanele sokuthatha izimpande ngaphambi kwesithwathwa futhi siyofa.
Hlela isihlahla ukuze intamo yezimpande inyakaze nenhlabathi. Uma isitshalo sesivele sikhulile, sineminyaka engu-3-5 ubudala, kubo kudingeka ukuthi ugaye imbobo engu-0.5-0.8 m ukujula ne-0.5 m ububanzi.
Ukuzala
I-quince yaseJapan ingasakazwa ngezindlela eziningana.
Imbewu
Ezithelweni ezivuthiwe, umgogodla uyakhishwa bese imbewu ikhishwa. Nihlwanyele ngokushesha emhlabathini ekwindla. Ukuhluma kwembewu kuhle kakhulu.
Uma ukuhlwanyelwa kungaqedwa ngaphambi kobusika, imbewu iyathunyelwa ukuze ihlukaniswe: zigcinwa izinyanga ezimbili kusihlabathi esimanzi ku- + 3 + 5ºС. Lapho zidonsa, imbewu itshalwa emhlabathini.
Izimbumbulu
Ekuqaleni kukaJuni, ekuseni kakhulu, lapho kungashisi kakhulu futhi kusomile, ukusikwa okuluhlaza kusikwa ukuze kube nezinduku ezi-2. Kuzoba ngcono uma usika isiteki “ngesithende” ukuya ku-1 cm. Beka ukusikeka kwezivuseleli zokukhula (isibonelo, isixazululo se-0.01% se-indolylbutyric acid) ngosuku. Ungasebenzisa i- "Kornevin." Izinto ezilungisiwe zitshalwe endaweni engaphansi (peat nesihlabathi, 1: 3) ngokohlelo 7 * 5 cm oluhlelwe ngokungagodli.
Ukwehlukaniswa kwezimpande
I-Quince inikeza inombolo enkulu yezendlalelo zezimpande. Ukuze uzithole, udinga ukugaya isitshalo futhi uhlukanise ukwahlukana kube ngu-0.5 cm obukhulu kanye ne-10 cm ukuphakama. Ngaso leso sikhathi, qiniseka ukuthi uhlelo lwezimpande luthuthukiswe kahle.
Ukusuka esihlahleni esisodwa, "ungathola" ukuhlukaniswa okungadluli kwezi-6.
Izinqubo ezibangelwa zitshalwa zibheke kude futhi zinakekelwe, kugcina umswakama we-substrate nokunisela. Ngemuva kokufakwa kwe-mulching kwenziwa ngamapulangwe enkuni, ama-humus, ama-shavings.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
Kwi-quince yaseJapan, inkinga eyinhloko ama-aphid, lapho kuvela isitshalo, singafa. Ngokushesha lapho ubona izimpawu zokuqala zalezinambuzane, kufanele uphathe ngokushesha imithi yokwelapha insecticidal.
Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esipholile nesisishisayo, kuhambisana nomswakama ophezulu, izihlahla zingabhekana nezifo ezahlukahlukene zemvelaphi yokukhunta. Isibonelo, kungaba:
- i-cercosporosis, ebonakala ngokuvela kwamabala ansundu, ijika liphuzi isikhathi;
- ukubonwa kwamahlamvu kanye necrosis, okuholela ekumeni ngaphandle nasekubuthweni kwamahlamvu;
- i-ramulariosis, isibonakaliso sayo okungukuthi kwakhiwa amabala ansundu emaqabungeni.
Izinkinga zingabhekwana ngokuphatha lesi sitshalo ngesisombululo se-insipho-ne-0.2% baseazole. Uma wesaba ukusebenzisa amakhemikhali noma umane ungawazi, ungasebenzisa u-anyanisi wokufaka (ama-0.15 kg ama-onks hus athulule amalitha ayi-10 amanzi bese uwagcizelela ngosuku), okufanele ufafazwe kaninginingi ngamabheshi amvamisa ezinsukwini ezi-5.
Ukuvunwa kwe-Quince
I-Quince ithathwa njengesitshalo sokwelapha, futhi hhayi kuphela izithelo ezisetshenzisiwe, kodwa futhi namaqabunga kanye nembewu.
Abalimi beNovice bakhathazekile ngokuthi bazovuna nini izithelo ze-quince yaseJapan. Izithelo zivunwa ekwindla kuze kufike isithwathwa sokuqala. Ngokulandelayo, isithelo ngasinye sisongwe kahle ephepheni, sibekwe ebhokisini elinomoya futhi silondolozwe endaweni epholile (6-10 ° C), singenakukhanya. Kulesi simo, ungagcina izithelo ezingavuthiwe kuze kube nguFebhuwari. Uma kukhona ama-apula ambalwa, angafakwa esikhwameni sepulasitiki afakwe esiqandisini. Zingagcinwa lapho izinyanga ezi-3.
Amahlamvu ama-Quince ayavunwa lapho lesi sitshalo sisaqhakaza. Ibekwa ephepheni lokubhaka bese yomiswa emthunzini noma ngesomisi emazingeni okushisa angama-40, idluliselwe ezitsheni ezivalekile futhi zisetshenziswe njengoba bekuhlosiwe.
Uma udinga ukuqoqa imbewu, bese ikhishwa ezithelo ezivuthiwe, yomisiwe ngo-40-50 ° C. Ngemuva kwalokho zidluliselwa ezitsheni ezine-lid elimboze kahle futhi zigcinwe isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka.
Ngokutshala okufanele nokunakekelwa kwe-quince yaseJapan (ama-henomeles), isihlahla ngeke sikujabulise kuphela ngezimbali ezinhle, futhi kamuva ukuvuna okuhle, kodwa futhi sizokusekela impilo yakho.
