Ama-cherries namuhla abhekelwa ezindaweni ezihlukile zezulu zezwe futhi athandwa abalimi ngesimo sabo esingesosizotha, ukungena ngokushesha ngenkathi yezithelo nezithelo ezinkulu zamajikijolo amahle. Kodwa noma ngabe lolu siko lungaba nzima kangakanani, abahlali basehlobo kudingeka bakwazi ukubona izifo ze-cherry ezizwakala, incazelo enezithombe nezindlela zokwelapha izifo izosiza ukubhekana nale nkinga ngokushesha nangempumelelo.
Izakhamizi ze-Old and New Worlds zijwayelane nama-cherries azwayo noma amaChinese ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19. Umlando wokusabalala kwesiko lezithelo ezithokozisayo eRussia waqala ngemuva kwesikhathi. Izithombo zokuqala zamakhherubi amangalisayo avela ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu yeSoviet Far East ukuya enkabeni yezwe zathunyelwa eminyakeni yangaphambi kwempi. Ngemuva kwaloko kwavela emabhulukana ekucala. Kodwa i-I.V.Michurin yaba yintandokazi yangempela yama-cherries azizwa ngayo. Wadala izinhlobo zivumelaniswa nezimo zezifunda eziningi ze-USSR yangaphambili.
Izinhlobo zesimanje ezikwazi ukumelana neziqandisi ezansi kuya ku-40 ° C zihlukaniswa ubusika obukhulu kakhulu, ziphila ngempumelelo nezikhathi ezomile, ezinezithelo nezikhulu.
Kwaphela amashumishumi eminyaka, umuzwa we-cherry ububhekwa njengesitshalo esiphikelelayo nesinamandla kunazo zonke izithelo zamatshe. Izihlahla azizange zithinteke ezifweni eziyingozi ezinhlotsheni ezihlobene. Isibonelo, i-Cherry eyazwayo ayithintwa yi-coccomycosis, eseyisidumo sama-cherries ajwayelekile. Futhi iningi lezilokazane, ngokwesiko okusongela ama-cherries, ama-plums, ama-apricots kanye nama-petshisi, zindizela ohlangothini lwezivakashi lwaseChina.
Noma kunjalo, izifo ze-cherry ezwa futhi ukulwa nabo kuyinkinga ephuthumayo yabalimi abaningi kulo lonke elaseRussia. Ngeshwa, izihlahlana zazisengozini yezifo ezithile zemvelaphi yesikhunta, zithinta ama-cherries ajwayelekile, iplamu, nezithelo zamatshe aseningizimu: amapetshisi kanye nama-apricots.
Isifo Sokugula Kwe-Pocket Felt Cherry
Lesi sifo esidalwe yisikhunta esiqhamuka emndenini wakwaTaphrina siyavela kwi-cherry esizwayo njengohlobo olungajwayelekile lwe-ovary. Izithelo ezakhiwa ngemuva kokuqhakaza azinazo imbewu futhi zikhumbuza kakhulu amajikijolo angajwayelekile, kodwa izikhwama ezithambile ezinde. Ku "amaphakethe" anjalo amandla we ukhunta oyingozi uvuthwa, bese ungasuswa amajikijolo angonakele awukhiphe ube yi-hotbed ukutheleleka okusakazekela emthanjeni olandelayo.
Isifo se-felt cherry singaphazamisa umlimi engxenyeni eyodwa yesihlanu yesilimo esiphelele ngenkathi eyodwa.
Uma izinyathelo zokubhubhisa ukhunta kanye nezingxenye ezithelelekile zesitshalo zingathathwanga, eminyakeni elandelayo, lesi sifo kungaholela ekufeni kwezitshalo. Lapho ezinye izilimo ezihlobene zikhule eduze kwama-cherries azwayo, ubungozi balesi sifo bukhuphuka kaningi.
Isibonelo, kuma-plums, isifo se-cherry esizwa ukuthi sinokubonakaliswa okufanayo, futhi kumapiki kubangela amaqabunga ama-curly.
Ukuvimbela lesi sifo se-cherry esizwayo kanye nokulwa naso, izihlahlana zezithelo kubalulekile:
- otshalwe ezindaweni ezinelanga, ezinomoya omncane, owomile lapho izinhlamvu zesikhunta eziyingozi zingenakhula khona, zisinde futhi zingene ezitshalweni;
- ukunquma njalo, gwema ukweqisa umqhele futhi ususe ngokushesha amagatsha anezimpawu zokugula.
Zonke izingxenye zesifo ezinesifo zishiswa, zibuye zenze nge-ovary ewile namahlamvu.
Njenge-prophylaxis, ama-cherries azwayo aphathwa kabili ngoMashi ngesikhathi sezinsuku ezi-5 ngesisombululo esingu-1% se-sulfate yethusi noma u-3% Bordeaux.
Akusasebenzi kangako ekwelashweni kwesifo kuma-cherries azwayo kungama-fungicides wesistimu yanamuhla. Zisetshenziswa ngokuqinile ngokuya ngemiyalo enamathiselwe. Ngemuva kwenkathi yokukhula, ekwindla, izihlahla ziyasikwa, zisuswe wonke amagatsha owomile, owonakele noma obuthakathaka, bese amakherubhi aphindeka aphathwe nge-sulfate yethusi.
UMoniliaz wazizwa cherries
Ama-cherries amaningi azwakala ehlushwa ukushiswa yi-monilial noma i-moniliosis. Lokhu okubizwa ngokuthi yi-putrefactive virus okubangelwa isikhunta, kuqala kuthinte amajikijolo avuthiwe, bese, kusuka ezitsheni ezomisiwe ezifakwayo, kusabalale kube amahlumela, izimbali namaqabunga.
Umlimi kufanele aqaphele kakhulu uma:
- wezwa ama-cherry omile ngemuva kokuqhakaza;
- izimbali zibuna, zithola umthunzi onsundu;
- amaqabunga omile asungule ama-ovaries kanye namahlumela amancane wezithelo.
Njengokunqotshwa kwe-moniliosis, wazizwa eyi-cherry angalahlekelwa kakhulu umqhele esikhathini esifushane, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ukutshala kufe ngokuphelele.
Ukutheleleka kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuqhuma kwezimbali. Izinhlayiya eziningi eziyingozi ngokusebenzisa i-pestle zihluma ku-peduncle futhi zidlulela ezingxenyeni zehlumela. Izimpawu zokugula kuma-cherries azwelayo ziqala ukubonakala ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo noma ezinsukwini zokuqala zehlobo. Amagatsha omile kubukeka sengathi asha umlilo. Ukufa kwamagatsha kuyashesha futhi kukhulu, okwenza kube nombono olukhohlisayo wokuthi isihlahla sawela endaweni yesithwathwa sentwasahlobo. Ngeshwa, lokhu akunjalo!
Uma ungasusi futhi uchithe amahlumela athintekile ngesikhathi, ungaqali ukwelashwa kwesifo se-cherry eyazwayo, akunakwenzeka ukugwema ukuzala kwesikhunta. Kulesi sigaba, izinhlamvu zingena ezithelweni, zidale ukwanda kwazo. Amajikijolo aba isithako senani elikhulu lama-pathogen azolungela ukuphinde athathwe kwenye iminyaka engu-2-3.
I-Moniliosis iyingozi futhi ngoba ithinta cishe zonke izinhlobo zezilimo zezithelo zamatshe, kubandakanya i-cherry ejwayelekile kakhulu. Lapho uzizwa womile ama-cherry, kusobala ukuthi izimpawu ezifanayo zizovela kungekudala kwezinye izihlahla zezithelo. Ngakho-ke, izindlela zokulawula nokwelashwa kwalesi sifo kufanele kuthinte wonke amasiko asengozini.
Kufanele kubhekwe kakhulu abalimi abahlala ezindaweni lapho imvula enkulu ivame khona entwasahlobo nasehlobo. Imvamisa, i-moniliosis ye-cherry ezwa ihlasela ukutshala esifundeni esingeyona i-Chernozem esifundeni saseNyakatho Ntshonalanga. Lapha, abalimi banethemba lokuthola isivuno esihle futhi bavikele impilo yezitshalo kufanele minyaka yonke bacubungula okutshala ngama-fungicides. Kodwa-ke, ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle, lesi sifo siziveza ngokuphelele ngisho nasendaweni yama-steppe, eningizimu yeSifunda soMhlaba Omnyama kanye naseSifundeni SaseVolga. Lapha, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kwezihlahla kwenzeka njengoba kunesidingo.
Izindlela ezijwayelekile zokwelashwa kwezifo ezizwa zingama-cherry
Ngasikhathi sinye, umuntu akufanele akhohlwe ukuthi ukuvimbela kubaluleke kakhulu kunokulwa nesifo se-cherry esezwakele, lapho isivele isisondele ngokuphelele. Vikela ingadi izosiza:
- ukugawulwa kwentwasahlobo kokuqina komqhele obuthakathaka noma omile ngokuphelele;
- ukuvuselelwa okujwayelekile kokutshala kuzizwe ama-cherries ngokusika amahlumela amadala futhi kancane kancane esikhundleni sawo anamagatsha amasha aqinile;
- ukususwa nokushiswa kwamaqabunga awileyo ahlala emagatsheni ezithelo futhi asike izingxenye zesitshalo;
- ukwelashwa kwentwasahlobo yazo zonke izithelo zamatshe kule ndawo ngesisombululo se-3% samanzi e-Bordeaux;
- Ukususa ukhula nokukhulula inhlabathi ngaphansi komqhele;
- ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwama-elembu, ukuphathwa kabili kwezitshalo nge-foundationazole noma enye i-fung fung esebenzayo ngokumelene ne-ejenti ye-causative ye-moniliosis.
Lapho kugawulwa amagatsha, zonke izinkuni ezilimele kumele zisuswe, futhi njengoba i-mycelium ye-moniliosis ingena ijule kakhulu, kungcono ukusika amahlumela kube ngu-70 cm ngaphansi kwendawo eyomile.
Amagatsha agulayo, omile noma owonakele ngandlela thile ngeke ashiywe emthini. Benza buthaka isihlahlana sezithelo, bakwenze kube yitshe hhayi kuphela ngamagciwane, kodwa nezilokazane zekherubi elizwelayo.
Phakathi kwezinambuzane ezihlukumeza kakhulu kusiko, izinhlobonhlobo zama-aphid, izinambuzane ezilinganayo, i-cherry weevils kanye nama-gall mites kungashiwo. Ekubonakaliseni kokuqala kwalezi zinambuzane, kumele kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuziqeda.
Ngemuva kokuthenwa kwenhlanzeko nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali ukubuyisa amandla, kusiza ukondla izihlahlana ukuze izitshalo zikhokhele ngokushesha ingxenye elahlekile yomqhele futhi ngonyaka olandelayo bathokozisile umlimi ngesivuno esihle.
