Akubona bonke abalimi abathanda izitshalo ze-lupine ngeze, ngoba lezi zimbali ezinde ezinama-inflorescence amade akhanyayo ezandleni ezinekhono ziba umhlobiso omangalisayo wemibhede yezimbali. Lesi siko sikhona emhlabeni wonke ngoba lihlangana nezinye izitshalo eziningi zokuhlobisa, libukeka lilihle emapulazini owodwa futhi lisiza ukudala izingoma ezithokozisayo nezijwayelekile engadini. Ngenhlanhla, kunezinhlobo eziningi nezinhlobonhlobo zalesi simbali esilula kodwa esikhangayo emhlabeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lupine isetshenziswa njengoba siderate, isiko fodder kanye izinto zokwelapha zokwelapha.
Lo mbhalo uzokhuluma ngokuthi ibukeka kanjani i-lupine, yiziphi izinhlobo zayo, kanye nezeluleko zokuthi ungazalela kanjani lesi sitshalo endaweni nokuthi singasetshenziswa kanjani.
Izwe Lasemakhaya - iMedithera, iNyakatho Melika.
Lesi sitshalo sathola igama laso kusuka egameni lesiLatini "lupus" - impisi, yingakho impisi "ubhontshisi", ngokungafani nobhontshisi wangempela, ngokuba khona kwezinto ezibabayo nezinobuthi ezinhlanyelweni. EYurophu, i-lupine yangemuva, eyayinabantu abaningi, yathunyelwa ivela eNyakatho Melika ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili.
Ngabe ibukeka kanjani imbali ye-lupine: isimilo (ngesithombe)
Le mbali iyathakazelisa kakhulu kulokho, ngokuya ngenduduzo yendawo ezungezile, ingahlala njengonyaka, unyaka owodwa noma ongapheli. Maphakathi neRussia, izinhlobo zonyaka zande kakhulu.
Ngokwencazelo ye-botanical, i-lupine inezimpande eziyisiqu esinamandla notshani obunamaqabunga. Lesi sitshalo sinamaqabunga ahlukaniswe ngesundu anama-petioles amade kanye nebrashi yezimbali enezimbali ezinhle. Kwezinye izinhlobo, ibhulashi lembali lifinyelela ku-1 m ubude, kwezinye, kunalokho, kwakhiwa ama-inflorescence amaningi amafushane futhi abanzi. Umbala wezimbali - ukusuka kokumhlophe nokuphuzi kuya ko-pink, obomvu nobububende. Kunezinhlobo zemibala emibili yama-lupins, zinenhlanganisela emangalisayo yemibala ehlukene: mhlophe ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ophuzi, owolintshi ngokubomvu okugqamile.
Ziqhakaza ngoJuni - Julayi isikhathi eside futhi ngokunethezeka. Ukhipha izimbali eziqhakaza izimbali kufanele kusikwe ezimpandeni, ngaphandle kokushiya iziqu, ngoba zivulekile futhi amanzi angena kuwo angadala ukubola kwesiqu. Uma isitshalo singavunyelwe ukungena, khona-ke siqala futhi ukuqhuma ngo-Agasti.
Ngemuva kokunquma iziqu eziqhakaza izimbali, izitshalo zakha amahlumela amasha angakhulisa ukuqhakaza kuze kube sekwindla. I-lupine ikhula kahle futhi iyaqhakaza iminyaka engama-3-4, emva kwalokho kunconyelwa ukubuyisela izitshalo ezindala ngezithombo ezisencane.
Izici zesimo sikaLupine
ILupine inezici zayo ezihlukanisa ezinye izimbali eziningi zasengadini.
Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, yathola igama layo ukuhlonipha impisi ngokumelana kwayo nanoma yiziphi izimo, futhi okuwukuphela kwesisimiso sesitshalo okuphinde futhi ukukhuthazela kwaso. Noma unyaka nonyaka kwisizini e-1 nje, ihlumela laso likwazi ukukhula sikhule ngobukhulu obukhulu, lilahlekelwe ukwakheka ngisho nezimbali ezimbala zingafinyeleleka, ngakho-ke ama-lupins adinga ukunqanyulwa noma ukudonswa ngesikhathi. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi eduze komunye nomunye izimbali zomthunzi ongu-1 kuphela okufanele zitshalwe, ngaphandle kwalokho isitshalo sizoba uthuli esikhathini esifushane futhi, lapho sixubile izithunzi ze-inflorescence, sizolahlekelwa ukubukeka kwayo okuhle. Ukungathobeki kwesitshalo kuyinzuzo eyinhloko encazelweni yesitshalo se-lupine, kulokhu kucishe kungathandeki, ngoba amandla ayo okuphila ngisho nasemhlabathini omncane kakhulu umangalisa ngokumangazayo. Ngokuya ngokwamandla, ingancintisana ngisho nokhula.
Izitshalo lapho ama-inflorescences aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka avela khona ngezikhathi ezithile kufanele asuswe ngoba i-lupine yasendle eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ingukhokho wazo zonke nzalo ezinemibala ehlukahlukene futhi, ama-pollinating cultivars, ngokuqinisekile azothatha inzalo, futhi ngenxa yalokho ngokuzayo wonke ama-lupins ahlukahlukene ahamba kancane endle.
Amagama ezinhlobo ezithandwayo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-lupine (ezinesithombe)
Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo okungenani ezingama-200 ze-lupine emhlabeni, phakathi kwazo okuhlala kuzo ezidume kakhulu eRussia.
I-Lupine multifoliate (Lupinus polyphyllus lindl.)
E-United States, le nhlobo ibizwa ngeLupine.
Kwenzeka esifundeni esentshonalanga nasenyakatho nentshonalanga yeNyakatho Melika. Ikhula osebeni lwemifula, ezigangeni naseziphepheni nakwezinye izindawo eziphazamisekile. E-Russia, iye yaba yindawo yemvelo futhi itholakala endaweni ye-taiga engxenyeni yaseYurophu.
Noma ngubani okhulisa le zinhlobo esizeni uyazazi mathupha ukuthi imbali enamaqabunga amaningi e-lupine ibukeka kanjani.
Lesi sihlahla esifushane ehlala isikhathi eside noma esiphilayo sifinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.5. Amaqabunga angamaqabunga esundu, kuma-petioles amade, anamaqabunga ama-9- 15 amancane. Isiqu kanye namaqabunga ama-petioles ambozwe nge-sparse, izinwele ezimfushane. AmaCalyx namaqabunga amancane - i-silvery pubescence. Izimbali ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, akuvamile ukuba kube mpinki futhi kube mhlophe, ziqoqwe ngama-inflorescence ama-apical aqonde kakhulu afinyelela kuma-cm angama-35. Izithelo ziyibhontshisi ye-pubescent. Imbewu i-oval, i-donate, icishe ibe mnyama.
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-lupine multifolia ziyehluka ngemibala ecebile, ngenxa yalesi sizathu zivame ukubonwa emibhedeni yezimbali.
Izinhlobo ze-lupine multifolia:
"Schloss frau" - izimbali ezipinki ezikhanyayo;
"I-Castellan" - izimbali eziluhlaza okotshani noma onsomi;
"I-Albus" - ahlukahlukene anama-inflorescence amhlophe qhwa;
"Abendglut" - izimbali ezibomvu onsomi;
"I-Burg Freulen" - ama-inflorescence anemibala kakhilimu;
I-apricot - izimbali eziqhakazile zamawolintshi;
"UCarmineus" - izimbali ezibomvu;
"I-Princess Juliana" - ama-inflorescence amhlophe-apinki
"I-Cronloichter" - ama-inflorescences aphuzi agcwele;
"I-Roseus" - ama-inflorescence apinki.
Ama-nzalo kaRussell owabiwa eNgilandi cishe eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule asasebenza namanje. Zihluke kakhulu kuma-lupins ezejwayelekile ngombala wazo omuhle futhi ohlukahlukene, usayizi wezimbali nama-peduncle, nokuqhakaza okude. Imvamisa kunezinhlanganisela zezinhlobonhlobo ezithengiswayo.
Konke ukugqama nezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo ze-lupine multifoliate zikhonjisiwe ekukhetheni isithombe ngezansi:
Isihlahla iLupine (lupinus arborescens).
Isitshalo se-perennial sifinyelela ku-1.5 m ukuphakama ngamaqabunga anamaqabunga amahlanu ama-pubescent ku-underside kanye nezimbali eziphuzi noma ezimhlophe eziqoqwe kuma-inflorescence amancane aqondile.
I-perennial lupine (lupinus perennis) - isitshalo esifinyelela ku-60 cm ukuphakama ngezimbali ezimnyama zepinki.
I-White Lupine (lupinus albus).
Lapho uphendula umbuzo wokuthi yini i-lupins, umuntu ngeke athi kuphela umhlophe wonyaka, okungolunye lwezinhlobo ezidumile.
Inesistimu yezimpande enamandla kangangokuba iyakwazi ukuqinisa indawo enambabekayo yesihlabathi, iqhakaza isikhathi eside nangokugqamile. Ifinyelela ku-2 m ukuphakama. Amaqabunga yi-obovate, i-oblong, ibushelelezi kusuka phezulu, i-pubescent kancane kusuka ngaphansi. I-inflorescences yinde, ifinyelela cishe ku-30 cm. Engxenyeni engenhla, izimbali zenziwe umenyezane, enye indlela ngezansi. Izithelo zingubhontshisi, ekuqaleni ziyabhabha, ziba bushelelezi njengoba zivuthwa. Ngaphakathi kwesibeletho kuqukethe imbewu engu-3 kuye kweziyi-6. Imbewu isikwele, ibushelelezi, imhlophe.
Izinhlobo ze-lupine ezimhlophe:
"Girl Noble" - othandekayo ngokungacabangi, okuqhakaza kahle okumangalisayo kwezimbali. Amacembe muhle kakhulu, izimbali zimhlophe qwa, ziqoqwe kuma-inflorescence aze afike ku-35-40 cm ubude. Ukuphakama kwezitshalo - kuze kufike ku-100 cm. Ukuhlobisa kakhulu kuma-single and group groupings;
"I-Desniansky" - ifinyelela ku-120 cm ukuphakama. Inembewu emhlophe ngaphakathi. Isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi njengesitshalo sokudoba;
"IGamma" - ikhula ize ibe ngu-80 cm ukuphakama.
Ukuchazwa kwembali emhlophe ye-lupine kunezelwa isithombe lapho ungabheka khona ukuthi yiziphi izici ezihlukile zalolu hlobo:
Lupine ophuzi (uLupinus luteus).
Imibhalo emayelana nokuphakama okungamamitha ayi-1. Ebusweni bawo kukhona i-pubescence encane. I-inflorescence yindlebe ye-orange noma i-yellow hue ekhanyayo. Izithelo ziyibhontshisi ebusayo enenhlamvu ezi-5.
Ivumelanisa kalula nenhlabathi enesihlabathi, ngaphezu kwalokho, iya ekudleni kwezilwane zasekhaya ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwamaprotheni amaningi ubhontshisi.
Kunezinye izinhlobo eziningi zokuhlobisa zama-lupins, ezifakazelwa ukukhethwa kwezithombe ezingezansi:
Yiziphi izinhlobo zokuhlobisa ze-lupine
Izinhlobo zokuhlobisa ze-lupine zenzelwe ukuhlobisa ingadi yezimbali, zigcwalise indawo futhi zenze izingoma ezinhle ezingadi. Ngokungafani nezinhlobo zokuphakelayo, zibukeka zikhanya kakhulu futhi zibukeka.
Ngezansi kunamagama alezi zinhlobonhlobo ze-lupine nezithombe zazo, ezivame ukuvuthwa emibhedeni yezimbali futhi zisebenza njengomhlobiso wangempela wesakhiwo sengadi.
Izinhlobo ze-Hybrid zihlukaniswa ukuphakama nobukhulu be-inflorescence, okuvuleka kakhulu, kanye nemibala egqamile ehlukahlukene.
Kunezinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zombala we-raspberry "uCarmineus", "Countess", ahlukahlukene apinki, ngokwesibonelo, "Roseus", "Albus", "Geyser", "White Knight" - mhlophe, "Candlestick" - ophuzi, "Rubinkenig" - iruby onsomi.
Lupine "Izicishamlilo", ingxube yamabala. Izimbali ezithandekayo ezihehayo zabalimi abaningi. Isitshalo siphakeme ngamasentimitha ayi-100-120. Amaqabunga amahle, ayinkimbinkimbi ngesundu, kuma-petioles amade. Ama-cystic inflorescence obomvu, amhlophe namphuzi. Ukuqhakaza okukhulu ngoJuni. Sebenzisa imingcele, izaphulelo, imingcele exubile.
Ukuthola ukuthi ibukeka kanjani i- “Fireworks” lupine, isithombe esingenhla sizosiza, okufakazela ukuthi muhle kanjani lolu hlobo.
Izinhlobonhlobo "uLulu Russell." I-Novelty, i-miniature lupins efinyelela kuma-50 cm aphezulu, amaqabunga amahle. Izimbali ziqoqwa kuma-inflemcence e-racemose anemibala ehlukene: omhlophe, ophuzi, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, opinki, obomvu. Iqhakaza ngoJuni, Julayi. Kuhle kakhulu kwemingcele, i-rabatok.
Izinhlobonhlobo "Minaret" - isihlahla esiphansi, esifinyelela ku-50 cm, amasentimitha angama-30 sawo ubude bebhashi lesitshalo. Izimbali zicindezelwe ngokuqinile komunye nomunye.
Kunezinhlobo ezithandekayo zemisindo emibili. Kepha imibala emangalisa kakhulu ivela embewini lapho ifaka impova nge-hybrid lupins phakathi kwayo.
Ukuqonda ukuthi i-lupine ibukeka kanjani engadini, ungabuka isithombe esingezansi futhi uqiniseke ukuthi lesi sitshalo siyakwazi ukuguqula siphinde sivuselele indawo enesizotha:
Izimo zokukhula kwe-lupine esizeni
ILupine ayikhethi ngezimo ezikhulayo, kepha kunendlela ethile yokulima ekutshaleni kwayo, okunconyelwe ukuthi ilandelwe ukuze kutholakale imiphumela emihle.
Indawo. ILupine inezithombe eziningi, kodwa futhi ikhula emthunzini oyingxenye. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi ababanduleli abafanele - izitshalo zasebusika kanye zasentwasahlobo - zikhule zifinyelele e-lupine endaweni ekhethiwe. Ngemuva kwemidumba, akunconywa ukuyitshala, amathuba okunqotshwa yizifo nezinambuzane kuphezulu.
Uma ukutshala kwezimbali ze-lupine kwenziwa endaweni engavikelekile emimoyeni, kungcono ukubabopha ukwesekwa, ngoba banesiqu esincane. Amagagasi omoya aqinile angaphula lesi sitshalo. Ukuze uthole ukwesekwa, isigxobo sokhuni esivamile noma igatsha elincanyana, kepha eliqinile kufanelekile.
Inhlabathi. Inhlabathi ithande ukukhululeka, okushaywe kahle, okunempilo ngokuphendula okungathathi hlangothi noma okune-asidi. Emhlabathini wenhlabathi, i-lupine ayiqhakaza, futhi amahlamvu alahlekelwa ukukhanya. Ezindaweni lapho kukhula khona ama- lupins, kufakwa isikhukhamba njalo eminyakeni emi-2 kuya kwemi-3.
Emhlabathini we-alkaline, amathuba okuthola izifo zalesi siko aphezulu. Uma inhlabathi enjalo isengadini, kuyadingeka ukunisela le ndawo ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-acid noma engeza i-peat ngaphambi kokutshala izimbali ze-lupine.
Ungayinakekela kanjani i-lupine
Ukunisela. Ukunisela kubalulekile ekukhuleni okujwayelekile kanye nasekwenziweni kwalesi siko, ngakho-ke lo msebenzi udinga ukwenziwa kahle. Esikhathini sezulu esishisayo esomile, umthamo wokunisela uyakhuphuka, ngezinsuku ezinamafu - kuncishisiwe. Kungcono kunisela imbali njengoba umhlabathi womile.
Ngemuva kokunisela, inhlabathi ezungeze isihlahla iyadedelwa, ukhula luyasuswa. Lapho unakekela i-lupine, njalo uthele umhlaba ngaphansi kwesihlahla ukuze intamo yezimpande ihlale ivaliwe kusuka emimoyeni nasekulungisweni.
Hill nokusekelwa. Ngenxa yokuthi ezimweni zakudala intamo yezimpande ikhuphuka ngamasentimitha ambalwa ngaphezu kobuso benhlabathi, ingxenye ephakathi yesihlahla iyafa kancane kancane, bese ama-rosette aseceleni ehlukana. Ngakho-ke, ukuze ulondoloze ukuhlobisa nokuphila isikhathi eside, izitshalo zi-spud. Izitshalo ezinde ezitholakala ezindaweni ezivunguza ovunguza komoya kufanele ziboshwe ngokusekelwa.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu. Ngonyaka wesibili, ama-lupins ayondliwa ngaphambi kokuqhakaza: i-10 tbsp lamanzi ayihlanjululwe nge-1 tbsp. isipuni se-potassium sulfate, i-superphosphate ne-Intermag yezimbali nezitshalo zokuhlobisa, sichitha amalitha ama-3 ngesihlahla ngasinye. Ekuqaleni kwezimbali, engeza umlotha wezinkuni we-2-3 tbsp. nezinkezo ngaphansi kwesihlahla.
Ukunakekela ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali. Abalimi ababambe iqhaza kulinywe lesi sitshalo banentshisekelo embuzweni wokuthi ungayinakekela kanjani i-lupine ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, izithungo zezimbali kumele zisuswe, ngoba ezimweni zezulu ezivumayo zezimbali zesibili kungenzeka. Ekwindla, izihlahla ziyaqaqa ukuvala intambo engenazimpande, ufafaze inhlabathi ezungeze isitshalo ngesendlalelo semboza ngabo izithombo zezihlahla.
Uma umlimi edinga ukuqoqa imbewu yalesi sitshalo, lokhu kungenziwa futhi ngemuva kokuqhakaza, ngoba ubhontshisi uzobe usubumbe ngaleso simila ngaleso sikhathi. Lapho sesivuthiwe, aqhekeka, imbewu ihlakazeka emhlabathini. Ukuze zingalahli imbewu, umlimi udinga ukubopha kusengaphambili ubhontshisi ongakaqali ukuqhuma nge-gauze, lapho ezohlala khona lapho izithelo ziqhekeka.
Ubusika. Lapho unakekela i-lupine ngesikhathi sokutshala kwayo, kufanelekile ukubheka ukuthi, yize iqiniso lokuthi lesi sitshalo sibekezelela kahle ubusika, ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkathi ebandayo, umsebenzi othile kudingeka wenziwe ukukulungiselela.
Lapho ulungiselela i-lupine ngesikhathi sebusika, ama-buds avele asikiwe, amaqabunga omile aphuzi ayasuswa. Uma isivuno sikhule ezifundeni ezinobusika bangeqhwa, basimboza ngengqimba yepeat ebusika. Onke amaqabunga awile asuswa ngaphansi kwesihlahla ukuze kugwenywe ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo kanye nokuhlasela kwezilokazane.
Izifo nezinambuzane. Kulezi zifo, i-lupine ithinteka yi-powdery isikhutha emvuleni, ebusika ebandayo, futhi ngesinye isikhathi leli siko ligula ngesifo segciwane - i-mosaic. Isitshalo esinjalo kufanele sibhujiswe kanye nezimpande nenhlama yomhlaba. Futhi ngokumelene ne-powdery hlobo, ungasebenzisa i- "Fitsporin" noma ungenzi lutho. Imvamisa i-powdery isikhutha ivela ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali, ekugcineni kwehlobo, ngakho-ke ungamane usike isitshalo ngokuya ngezinga lomhlabathi, ngaphandle kokushiya iziqu. Imvamisa amaqabunga neziqu akuvunwa nhlobo.
Ukusakazeka kwe-lupine ngokusikeka noma ama-rosette aseceleni
Okusakazwe yimbewu futhi ngo-vegetatively (ama-rosette aseceleni nokusikwa). Izinhlobo zonyaka zingandiswa kuphela ngosizo lwembewu, kanye nezinhlobo zisetshenziswa ngazo zombili izindlela.
Ukuze uqinisekise ukulondolozwa kombala wezinhlobo ezithandwayo, i-lupine isakazwa ngokusikwa. Kungcono ukusabalalisa ngosizo lwezitolo eziseceleni ezakhiwe kubantu abadala, kodwa hhayi izitshalo ezindala. Entwasahlobo, ama-rosette ase-basal asikwa abe yizicucu, ezikhula kusuka kuma-buds ezansi kwesiqu; futhi ehlobo, amahlumela akamuva akhiwa kuma-axils amaqabunga.
Endaweni lapho kutshalwa khona izithombo, isihlabathi kufanele sengezwe enhlabathini, lokhu kuzokwenza kube lula. Izinto zokutshala zibekwa enhlabathini, lapho izotholwa nezimo nezimpande izinyanga ezi-1 - 1.5. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, izithombo eziqinile nezinezingcingo zingadluliselwa endaweni engapheli, ngokwesibonelo, esivandeni sezimbali noma embhedeni wezimbali.
Kuyelulekwa ukuthi ungasigcini isikhathi eside lesi sitshalo kunesikhathi esichaziwe, ngoba kuzoba nesikhathi sokuthatha izimpande futhi uthathe izimpande zijule emhlabathini. Uhlelo lwezimpande lwe-lupine lusengozini enkulu futhi lusabela kabuhlungu kunoma yikuphi ukungenelela. Kulokhu, ukufakelwa kuzodluliswa yisitshalo kunobuhlungu.
Ngemuva kokutshala i-lupine, ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile kuyadingeka, kubandakanya ukunisela, ukutshala kanye nokuqeda ukhula.
Ukusakazeka kweLupine ngembewu ekwindla nasentwasahlobo
Ukuze kwandise ukuhluma kwembewu, zihlanganiswa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, imbewu ibekwa ku-cheesecloth futhi ihlanzwe efrijini. Ngemuva kokususa kufriji, ngokushesha faka amanzi ashushu kakhulu kungadluli i-1 min. Le ndlela iholela ekuqhekekeni kwegobolondo likabhontshisi nokufeza umphumela oyifunayo.
Ungasebenzisa enye indlela yokuwexuka. Cwilisa imbewu amahora angama-10 kusisombululo se-bleach noma imizuzu engu-15 ku-potanganum permanganate. Ngengilazi eyodwa yamanzi, thatha amaconsi ama-2 bleach (10%). Ngemuva kwesikhathi esinqunyiwe, beka imbewu emanzini apholile ahlanzekile bese ubamba eminye imizuzu eyi-10. Le ndlela yokuhlwanyelwa ukuvikela ukulimala kwesitshalo ukhunta noma izifo.
Lapho usakaza imbewu yezinhlobo zemithi eqandayo ezifakwa eqhweni, kungcono ukuyitshala ngaphansi kobusika ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba - ekuqaleni kukaNovemba, ngemuva kokuqandisa kokuqala - bese izitshalo ziyaqhakaza ngo-Agasti wonyaka olandelayo. Ukujula kokuhlwanyelwa kungamasentimitha ayi-1.5-2,5. Ngemuva kokuhlwanyela, imbewu ifafazwa ngesendlalelo esincanyana somhlaba noma i-peat. Ibanga phakathi kwezimbobo kufanele okungenani libe ngu-15 cm. Entwasahlobo, lapho iqhwa liwa futhi isimo sezulu sifudumele, lowo osebenza engadini usezokwazi ukubona amahlumela e-lupine, kuthi kuphela ehlobo aqhakaze.
Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ingene ngqo emhlabathini nasentwasahlobo, ngokushesha nje lapho iqhwa lihlibilika. Izitshalo ziyaqhakaza ngonyaka olandelayo ekuqaleni kukaMeyi.
Iziphakamiso zokukhulisa izithombo ze-lupine kusuka ezinhlanyelweni
Abalimi abaningi bakhulisa izithombo ze-lupine ezinhlanyelweni, ngenkathi bebheka izincomo ezilula.
Ngemuva kokuxebuka, imbewu ingahlwanyelwa izithombo kusetshenziswa iziqukathi ezincane, njengamabhodwe we-peat, izinkomishi zepulasitiki noma iziqukathi ezihlanganisiwe. Ithangi ngalinye kufanele libe nezimbobo zokudonsa amanzi.
Inhlabathi yokutshala izithombo kufanele ibe nesihlabathi somfula esihlanzekile, i-peat kanye nomhlaba wesod. Isimo esikhulu somhlabathi ukukhanya kwawo.
Ingxube yomhlabathi elungiselelwe kufanele ithululelwe ezitsheni, ithambekele kancane, iniselwe ngamanzi emafrijini okushisa, ibeka imbewu phezulu, ijulise kancane namanzi futhi. Ngemuva kwalokho, gubungela izitsha ngefilimu noma ingilazi bese ufaka endaweni efudumele ekhanyayo.
Ngemuva kokutshala, ukunakekelwa kwembali ye-lupine ngemuva kokutshala kuzobandakanya ukuthambisa ngezikhathi ezithile (njengoba ikoma lobumba loma). Amahlumela okuqala azovela ezinsukwini eziyi-10-14. Ukunakekela yisithombo kufaka ukuthambisa ejwayelekile, kanye nokunikeza amahlumela amancane. Ifilimu kumele lisuswe amahora amaningi ngosuku. Lapho izitshalo ziqiniswe ngokuphelele, i-polyethylene ingasuswa ngokuphelele.
Ukutshala izithombo ze-lupine endaweni evulekile futhi uyinakekele kuphela uma isimo sezulu esifudumele esizinzile nokunyamalala kwezithando zobusuku kusungulwa. Ngaleso sikhathi, izithombo kufanele zakhe amaqabunga ama-5 - 6.
Lapho utshala, ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo kufanele libe ngu-40 cm. Tshala izithombo enhlabathini evulekile, enamanzi amaningi. Lo msebenzi kufanele wenziwe ngokucophelela, uqikelele ukuthi ungalimazi uhlelo lwezimpande.
Ungayisebenzisa kanjani i-lupine engadini (enesithombe)
Izinhlobo zokuhlobisa nezinhlobonhlobo ze-lupine zisetshenziswa kabanzi engadini. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, le mbali elula ibukeka kahle kakhulu. Ama-inflorescence awo ahlukahlukene agqamile enza ingadi futhi ayinikeze ngokukhethekile. Amahlamvu aluhlaza we-Openwork agcwele kahle anezela kakhulu ekuchazeni okukhulu kakhulu.
I-lupine engadini ingatshalwa ngamaqembu otshanini, endaweni yokuqothula, noma ngokuhlangana nezinye izitshalo (ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo li-40 cm). Ama-Irises, iminduze, ama-delphiniums nama-phloxes ahlanganiswe kahle nama-lupins.
Lesi siko sinconywa ukuba sibekwe ngemuva noma phakathi kwe-mixborder noma i-rabatok, endaweni yezimbali, izitshalo ngazinye noma amaqembu aphelele, eceleni kwemingcele yesayithi. Isikimu sokutshala singama-70 × 70 cm. Singasikwa sibe ngama-bouquets, kepha asimi emanzini isikhathi eside, asikho ngaphezu kwesonto.
Emazweni amaningi, i-lupine itshalwa njenge "Umanyolo oluhlaza" (isivuno esiphakathi nendawo) emasimini atshaliwe futhi asetshenziswa njengefodder. Umhlabathi lapho ukhula khona ucebile nge-nitrogen futhi ungasetshenziswa ezinye izitshalo.
I-lupanine alkaloid, etholakala kuzo zonke izitho ze-lupine, iyingozi ezilwaneni nasezinkomeni. Ezinye izizwe zamaNdiya aseNyakatho Melika zondla lesi sitshalo ngamahhashi ngezinjongo zokwelapha.
Lupine esikhundleni somquba
Lesi sitshalo singumanyolo wemvelo wenhlabathi.
"Izihlahla ze-lupine ezisikiwe zinamandla womquba omuhle kakhulu. Ngicabanga ukuthi uma umnikazi engenalutho, i-lupine izosiza njalo. Uma ihlakazeke emhlabathini ompofu futhi inephungahle ngo-Septhemba id, bese isika ngokushesha ngegeja noma ngogebhezi. Umanyolo omuhle kakhulu, ”kubhala umlobi waseRoma uColumella ngekhulu lokuqala.
Esinye isazi esingumRoma, uPliny, naye owayephila ngekhulu le-1, emlandweni wakhe we-Natural History, oqukethe izincwadi ezingama-37, unikela ngemigqa entshiseko kuLupine:
"Akukho sitshalo esisodwa ukuthi, ngokwemvelo yaso, singalizwa ilanga nomhlaba ngokungaphezulu, okokuqala, lijikeleza nsuku zonke nelanga lize likhombise umlimi ukuthi lingakuphi isikhathi ngaphansi kwesibhakabhaka esinamafu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, liqhakaza kathathu ... Futhi yena kuphela enye ihlwanyelwa enkundleni engavundwanga ... Akudingi kushiywe nhlobo ... Sesishilo ukuthi kusukela ekuhlwanyeleni kuthuthukisa umhlabathi nezivini, yingakho naye uqobo akadingi umquba ngaphambi kokuthi athathe umquba omuhle kakhulu. "
Lupine Mnyama Lomhlaba
ILupine inohlelo olunamandla lwezimpande oluvula umhlabathi ngokuphelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amagciwane ama-nodule ahlala ezimpandeni zawo, aguqula i-nitrogen esuka emoyeni iye kwi-nitrogen yenhlabathi, edonswa izitshalo ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, njengazo zonke izinhlanga, ithulisa inhlabathi nge-nitrogen, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise ukuzala kwayo. Lesi sitshalo esimelana nokubanda singatshalwa ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli, nasezindaweni eziseningizimu ngisho nasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho nje inhlabathi ithamba. Izinhlobo zonyaka zisheshe zithole isisindo esikhulu esiluhlaza, njengoba ziqhakaza ngoJuni. Kepha akudingeki zinikeze ukuqhakaza ukuze zingachithi ukulethwa kwezakhi ekwakhekeni kwezimbali nezimbali. Ngesikhathi sokunwetshwa kwe-peduncle, kufanele kuthengwe kanye nayo yonke inqwaba eluhlaza nezimpande kuya ekujuleni kwe-bayonet bayonet. Amagciwane e-Nodule azophila ngezinsalela zezimpande isikhathi eside futhi aqhubeke nokugcina i-nitrogen enhlabathini, kanti i-biomass yengxenye eluhlaza ye lupine izothuthukisa umhlabathi ngezakhi bese ngasikhathi sinye ibe yimpuphu yokubhaka enhlabathini eminyene. Ngokushesha ngemuva kokumba, kuyadingeka ukutshala imbewu yesitshalo futhi, ekwindla efudumele iyoba nesikhathi sokukhula ibe sezingeni lokuhluma. Ngalesi sikhathi, kufanele kuphinde kugaywe, noma kubuye kukhanye uma utshale i-lupine yaphakade. Ngemuva kwezilimo ezintathu ezilandelanayo ze-lupine, ezilandelwa ngokumba, ngisho nenhlabathi yobumba iba yi-chernozem.
