Manje sekuyisiqalo sokuqala sekwindla, isivuno sonke asikaze sivunwe kusiza. Kepha kungenzeka ungakholelwa ukuthi ukuze uqinisekise ukuvuna kwesizini ezayo, inhlabathi ephumayo, ngaphansi kwemibhede yesikhathi esizayo, yisikhathi sokuqala ukupheka. Futhi lokhu akusona ihlaya nhlobo: udinga ukulungiselela le nhlabathi hhayi, kodwa ngokufanele, ukuze ungadumali ekuvuneni ngonyaka olandelayo. Ungalungisa kanjani imibhede, ungamba kanjani futhi uvundise kahle ngaphansi kwezitshalo zemifino ezijwayelekile manje, sizokutshela namuhla.
Ukulungiselela Autumn imibhede engadini.
Kuyacaca ukuthi ukwakheka kwenqwaba engaphezulu komhlaba, ukwakheka kwezilimo, esizivunayo, esizidlayo noma esizibeka esitoreni, kuholela ekususweni kwezinto ezahlukahlukene enhlabathini. Okokuqala, yi-nitrogen eyaziwayo, phosphorus ne-potassium. Ngakho-ke, ngokushesha nje emva kokuvuna nokulungiselela imibhede yesizini entsha, kuyinto efiselekayo ukugcwalisa ukusilela kwalezi zinto emhlabathini, yize kungabonakali ngamehlo.
Isikhathi sekwindla sesicishe sibe yisikhathi esifanele sokusebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zomanyolo “ezizofinyelela” enhlabathini ebusika, futhi izitshalo ezihlwanyelwe noma ezitshalwe emibhedeni esizenzile ziyoqala ukuzisebenzisa ngendlela efinyelelekayo, futhi zingalindi zize ziphenduke okunjalo, ukulahlekelwa yisikhathi esibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwabo futhi kusenze silinde isikhathi eside sokuvuna.
Isibonelo, ama-organics kanye namaminerali ahlukahlukene: empeleni, noma yiziphi izitshalo zemifino ziyabona futhi zisabela kuzo. Kodwa-ke, ukuze uhlelo lwempande lubone into eyodwa noma enye, kufanele ukuthi lube sesimweni efinyelelekayo, nolunyakazisiwe, futhi lokhu kuthatha isikhathi. Yisona sikhathi sobusika lesi.
Kuyiqiniso, lapho ukhetha umanyolo, udinga ukubheka izinto eziningana - nansi isayensi yezinto eziphilayo, ezoqhubeka nokukhula kule ndawo, kanye nohlobo lomhlabathi (osindayo, inhlabathi enesihlabathi, i-chernozem, njll.) Kanye nezimo zezulu ngesikhathi esinqumayo kubandakanya isimo somhlabathi.
Ngakho-ke, kunokucabanga okwanele, siya ngokuqondile emithethweni yokulungiswa kwemibhede ngenkathi yekwindla yesizini ezayo.
Kungani ulungiselela imibhede ngaphambi kwesikhathi?
Umbuzo onjalo uvame ukubuzwa: phela, kukhona intwasahlobo lapho ungabamba khona isikhathi ulungiselele imibhede, uhlwanyele imbewu, futhi utshale izithombo. Yebo, kuyiqiniso impela, kodwa, okokuqala, hhayi wonke umanyolo ozoba nesikhathi sokudlulisela kwifomu efinyeleleka ezitshalweni, njengoba sishilo ngenhla, futhi okwesibili, intwasahlobo isikhathi esifushane kangangokuba empeleni awunakuba nesikhathi sokwenza konke, kanjani kunesidingo. Khumbula isaga saseRussia ngala mazwi wesisebenzi esihlaselayo: "Entwasahlobo, hlisa isigqoko sakho - angizukusiphakamisa" (okungukuthi, simatasa kakhulu).
Phezu kwakho konke, uma silungiselela imibhede ebusika ekwindla, zicabange ukuthi kungakanani esizokuqeda ukunakekelwa kwentwasahlobo: konke okudingeka ukwenze ukukhulula imibhede eseqediwe, wenze izimbobo zokutshala izithombo noma imisele yokutshala imbewu, bese uqala ukwenza okujwayelekile izinqubo ezihambisana nezithombo noma izithombo, ngaphandle kokujaha noma kuphi futhi ungephuzi.
Ukulandelana okulungiselelwe imibhede?
Okokuqala, udinga ukuhlanza izindawo zemibhede yesikhathi esizayo kusuka kukhula nodoti wokushisa bese uyishisa ngaphandle kwendawo yaleyo ndawo, noma ngabe ingenazo izimpawu zokugula, khona-ke kungenzeka ukuthi uzifake inqwaba yomquba, bese wenza umanyolo wokumba inhlabathi futhi, uma kunesidingo, ke, kanye nomanyolo, engeza ushoko noma lime ukuze ubuyise i-pH ibe yinto evamile.
Udinga ukuhlanza ukhula ngokucophelela ngangokunokwenzeka, lonke ukhula olunwabuzelayo, utshani bokolweni obunezingxenye zohlelo lwazo lwezimpande kanye nama-dandelion kufanele kuqedwe (kususwe) engadini ngazo zonke izindlela ezingakhona, akufanele babe lapho, noma ngabe usebenzisa malini kulokhu.
Lapho inhlabathi ingenawo ukhula kanye nemfucumfucu yesitshalo, okungukuthi, isesimweni sayo esimsulwa, ingacetshiswa ngezinto ezidingekayo kwisitshalo ngasinye - lezi yi-nitrogen, phosphorus ne-potassium. Njengoba kungekho lutho oluzokhula kule mibhede kule sizini, i-urea (20-25 g nge-skwere sikwere), i-superphosphate (i-18-20 g ngemitha yesikwele) ne-potassium chloride (15-20 g ngemitha yesikwele) ingangezwa. ) Kulokhu, i-potassium chloride akufanele yesabe, ngoba kuze kube yilapho intwasahlobo i-chlorine ingathathi hlangothi futhi izovikela izitshalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungakuhle ukwethula umquba obolile kahle ku-5-6 kg ngemitha yesikwere, noma i-humus (3-4 kg ngemitha yesikwele) nomlotha wokhuni (isithando somlilo noma isinaphi) ku-250-300 g ngesikwele ngasinye semitha yenhlabathi.
Uma inhlabathi yesayithi lakho isindayo nobumba, khona-ke udinga ukufaka umfula womfula ngebhakede ngalinye ngokwesikwele, okungcono ukuthi kufakwe ngawo umquba ngenani elifanayo, lokhu kuzothuthukisa ukuthambekela kwenhlabathi futhi kwandise ukuzala kwayo.
Izinhlabathi ezinesihlabathi azilondolozi kahle umswakama kanye nezakhi zomzimba, lapha kuyadingeka ukuletha ibhakede lobumba ngemitha yesikwele, kanye nomquba womjikelezo obunjiwe (amakhilogremu ama-6,6 ngemitha yesikwele), i-leaf humus (3-4 kg ngemitha yesikwele) kanye sawdust (ibhakede ngesikwele semitha). Qikelela nge-sawdust - zingakwazi ukufaka umhlabathi inhlabathi, ngakho-ke udinga ukusebenzisa i-grey kakhulu, okungukuthi, cishe ukutholakala kwesipuni.
Inhlabathi i-acidic, lapho ibhalansi ye-acid-base (pH) engaphansi kuka-6.0 kufanele ikhahlazwe noma ihlazwe. Uma i-acidity ingaphansi kuka-4,5, khona-ke umcako kufanele usetshenziswe ku-200-250 g ngemitha yesikwele, uma i-acidity isuka ku-5.5 iye ku-4.6, ke-ke chalk: engeza 250-300 g wetshalo ngemitha yesikwele.
Ngokwemvelo, umanyolo, ushoko, kanye no-lime - konke lokhu ngesikhathi sekwindla lapho kulungiswa imibhede yenzelwe ukumba, ekuqaleni ukuyisakaza ngaphezulu komhlaba nokugcwalisa kamuva ngokumba ifosholo nge-bayonet ephelele.
Ungamba kanjani imibhede?
Imvamisa, kunezindlela ezimbili eziphambili zokumba inhlabathi - lena akuyona indlela yokubumba neyindlela yokulahla. Ake siqale ngenqubo yokumba engaphansi. Ngendlela yokungalahli imfucumfucu, bazama ukwenza umgodi ukuze inhlama yobumba yengxenye enkulu ingaphuki futhi ingaphenduki. Inhloso yokumba okunjalo kwenhlabathi ukukhulisa ukugcinwa kwama-microflora anenzuzo womabili ungqimba ongaphansi nangaphezulu wenhlabathi. Iziqalo zomhlaba nazo azihlephuki.
Ngendlela yokulahla, izigaxa zenhlabathi ziyaphenduka bese ziyahlukana. Imvamisa inketho yesibili isetshenziswa kakhulu lapho kulungiswa imibhede ekwindla. Ngakho-ke, simboza umanyolo ujule enhlabathini, futhi sihambisana nawo noma chalk noma lime, uma kunesidingo, futhi sikhiphe izigaba zobusika zezinambuzane nezifo zisondele ebusweni. Ngaso leso sikhathi, akunqweneleki ukwephula imbobo yenhlabathi, ngoba inhlabathi kulokhu izothusa ekujuleni okukhulu, ibulawe amagciwane ngangokunokwenzeka. Kepha uma uthatha isinqumo sokulungiselela umbhede wengadi ogcwele kahle ngemiphetho echazwe kahle futhi ungakhathazeki ngokuqhekeza imichilo entwasahlobo, khona-ke kungcono ukuqeda ibhizinisi lokumba: hlukana nezingubo, ukala umbhede engadini futhi wenze umbhede amasentimitha ambalwa ukuphakama ngokuthela izingqimba zenhlabathi lapho ugaya omunye nomunye Izinga lomhlabathi, ukuze, ngenxa yalokho, inhlabathi ifudumala ngokushesha kunokuba kwenye indawo.
Ukulungiselela imibhede ekwindla.
Ukulungiselela imibhede yezilimo ezithile
Ngakho-ke, sikhulume ngokuthi singayilungisa kanjani ingadi iyonke. Akukho lutho oluyinkimbinkimbi ngakho: sisula itulo, senza umanyolo wokumba, sizama ukumba umbhede ngokwanda kwezinga lomhlabathi, ngaleyo ndlela sichaza imiphetho yombhede wesikhathi esizayo, kepha lokhu kuvamile. Kubonakala ngathi sidinga ukutshela futhi ukuthi ungayilungisa kanjani kahle imbhede engadini yezitshalo eziyinhloko, okuyiyo yonke ingadi, imibhede engadini yabo nayo ingalungiswa ekwindla.
Imibhede yeBeet
Ngakho-ke, ukuze i-beetroot yonakalise kahle, udinga ukukhetha indawo ekhanyiswe kakhulu lapho inhlabathi ilula futhi igxiliwe kahle. Ngokufanelekile, iqiniso, umbhede we-beet kusuka ekwindla kufanele ulungiselelwe ku-loam sandy bese ulamula nge-acidity engathathi hlangothi. Emhlabathini onobumba obunzima, ngokwesibonelo, ama-beet azokhula kabi ngisho nokudla okwanele. Izindawo lapho kuncibilikiswa, ukunisela, amanzi emvula, futhi, impela, inhlabathi ene-acidified iqoqana isikhathi eside kufanele igwenywe.
Izinto ezandula kakhulu i-beetroot yizilimo ezishiya indawo zisheshe - ukhukhamba, i-zucchini, amazambane okuqala, izinhlobo zokuqala zepepper elimnandi ne-isitshalo seqanda futhi, futhi, utamatisi wokuqala. Musa ukuhlwanyela beetafula ngemuva isipinashi, canola, izaqathe, chard kanye iklabishi.
Ekwindla, lapho ulungiselela inhlabathi ngamabhetshu, kungcono ukwengeza umanyolo we-organic, ngokwesibonelo, umquba noma i-humus ngenani lesigamu sebhakede ngemitha yesikwele yombhede olandelayo. Ukusuka kumanyolo wamaminerali, kungenzeka ukwengeza i-potassium chloride enanini le-12-14 g nge-skwele ngasinye, kanye ne-ammonium nitrate kanye ne-superphosphate ku-22-25 g ngemitha yesikwele.
Ukuphela kwento enganconyelwanga ukuthi ingezwe emhlabathini lapho kulungiswa imibhede yamabhungathi, ngisho nasekwindla, ngumquba omusha, ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi kube nokwanda kwama-nitrate ezitshalweni zonyaka olandelayo.
Okulandelayo, silungiselela umbhede wethanga ne-zucchini
Udinga ukwazi ukuthi lezi izilimo ngokuvamile azinambitheki futhi zimane ziphendule ngokumangazayo kumanyolo ahlukahlukene aqukethwe emhlabathini. Ngaphansi kwabo, ungenza umquba, kepha ubolile kahle futhi ngo-3 - 4 kg ngemitha yesikwere ngasinye semibhede, akusekho okunye - Yebo.
Ngokuqondene nokukhethwa kwendawo, inhlabathi kumele ingathathi hlangothi, ngakho-ke, uma i-acid predominates, lapho-ke kuzofanele kungeniswe ikhebula noma isikhunta.
Izinto ezandulelayo ezakha ithanga ne-zucchini yilezi: amazambane, u-anyanisi, iklabishi, imifino enezimpande kanye nama-legumes, kodwa ukhukhamba, i-zucchini ne-squash kubhekwa njengokubi kakhulu.
Naka inhlabathi ngokukhethekile, ngakho-ke uma umhlabathi ungumbumba, lapho-ke njengokulungiswa okujwayelekile kwemibhede, uhhafu ibhakede le-humus kanye nebhakede lesihlabathi somfula nge-skwele ngalinye lokudonsa kufanele kwenziwe ngaphansi kwethanga ne-zucchini. Ngokuqondene nama-fertiliser amaminerali, i-10-15 g ye-superphosphate, i-250 g yomlotha ne-15 g ye-potassium sulfate yanele.
Emhlabathini onesihlabathi lapho uthatha isinqumo sokutshala i-zucchini kanye nethanga, engeza ibhakede lobumba nengxenye yebhakede le-humus ngemitha yesikwele.
Imibhede yedill kanye neminye amakhambi
Ukuthola isivuno esihle dill neminye imifino, kufanele uqale usebenzelane nabandulelayo. Izandiso ezinhle zezilimo eziluhlaza yilezi: iklabishi, utamatisi no-anyanisi, kanti ezimbi zingezithelo, ama-celery kanye izaqathi.
Okulandelayo, zama ekwindla ukukhetha umbhede ovuthwe kahle wensimu, futhi, ngakho-ke, ngokusemandleni ukufudunyezwa. Ngokufanelekile, umhlabathi kufanele wenziwe ube ovundile ngangokunokwenzeka bese uzama ukugcina iqhwa kuwo, uphonsa amagatsha e-fir spruce. Ungakhohlwa ukunaka i-acidity yemibhede yesikhathi esizayo, izilimo eziluhlaza zikhula kabi emhlabathini we-acidic, ngakho-ke i-lime futhi nokujaha ukumba, inqobo nje uma i-acidity iphezulu, iyadingeka.
Ezilimeni eziluhlaza, ukulungiselela ingadi ekwindla akunzima, ukujula kokumba akufanele kube kukhulu kakhulu, kube ngama-22-23 cm kuphela.Qikelela ukuthi ungeza ama-2-3 kg womquba ojikelezwe kahle ngemitha eyodwa nesikwele kanye ne-15-20 g ye-ammonium nitrate, 8-10 g ye-potassium sulfate kanye ne-10-12 g ye-superphosphate endaweni efanayo. Entwasahlobo, kusala kuphela ukukhulula umbhede ophelile, ukwenza imifino yokutshala, qiniseka ukuthi uyawaphuza (amalitha ama-2-3 amanzi ngemitha) bese uqina kancane ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela ukuvikela ukungena kwembewu (amasentimitha ambalwa okujula kwanele).
Ukulungiselela imibhede yamatamatisi
Utamatisi ungumbandule wabo ongcono kakhulu: i-beetle yetafula, ukhukhamba, u-anyanisi, ubhontshisi, izaqathe, imifino ehlukahlukene, uphizi, ummbila ne-zucchini, kanti ababi ngamazambane, iklabishi sekwephuzile, upelepele kanye nesitshalo seqanda.
Sikutholile lokho, manje ake sithathe uzungu lwamatamatisi, kuze kubande. Inhlabathi evundile izoba yinhle kakhulu, kwanele ukuyigaya, futhi uma iyi-acidic, khona-ke isikhunta (i-150-200 g nge-skwele sikwele ngalinye), kodwa ngamanyolo, ikakhulukazi i-superphosphate, athwalelwa ngotamatisi, ungathatha isikhathi sakho bese usakaza nje ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi ngaphandle ukumba. Ngendlela, utamatisi unomona kakhulu ngezinga le-acidity kanye nomthamo esiwukhombisile ukuthi kungenzeka ungasebenzi ezinhlobonhlobo zenhlabathi. Isibonelo, uma une-sandy loam noma i-loam endaweni, ngakho-ke kungcono ukufaka i-250 g ye-lime ukuze ugaye, futhi uma loam ophakathi nendawo futhi esindayo, khona-ke u-350 g we-lime futhi nokumba.
Ungenzi imibhede ephezulu kakhulu yamatamatisi, ungakhohlwa ukuthi bona ngokwabo bayizitshalo ezinde, ngakho-ke 22-23 cm ngokwanele futhi cishe ngamamitha ububanzi, awudingi nokuningi.
Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi ye-Autumn engadini.
Imibhede yamakhukhamba
Yebo, ukhukhamba, ngoba akunakwenzeka ukuthi uzothola isayithi lapho ukhukhamba ungakhuli khona, kepha utamatisi noma iklabishi kuphela. Izinto ezandulelayo zamakhukhamba yilezi: utamatisi, isitshalo seqanda, amazambane, u-anyanisi, i-legumes, isipinashi, i-rhubarb, i-cauliflower yokuqala, i-beet, izaqathe kanye nemifino, kepha okubi kakhulu ngamakhukhamba, u-squash, ithanga, u-squash, i-melon nekhabe.
Ngokufanelekile, ekwindla, umbhede wensimu kufanele wenziwe ngendlela yokuthi ukhanye, mhlawumbe uthandeke noma ube nesihlabathi. Uma kuphela inhlabathi enobumba nenhlabathi esindayo, mane ulethe ibhakede lesihlabathi somfula ngamamitha skwele ukumba. Ngendlela, ukhukhamba ukhula kahle emhlabathini one-acidic, ngakho-ke uma unakho lokhu, khona-ke akufanele ukhathazeke.
Imibhede yamakhukhamba kumele yenzelwe umgodi ogcwele wefosholo onamakhilogremu angu-6,6 omquba obunjiwe kahle.
Ubuqili bokufaka umquba imibhede efudumele ekwindla
Esikhathini sekwindla, ungakha umbhede ofudumele, kubaqalayo udinga ukushaya ibhokisi phansi, imitha ububanzi nobubanzi bamamitha amabili, ubeke ungqimba lwamanzi endaweni, kungaba empeleni, noma yimuphi udoti omkhulu, ngokwesibonelo, amagatsha ahlukahlukene, izingcezu zamabhodi, iziqu , iziqongo zezitshalo. Ungafafaza konke lokhu ngesihlabathi somfula, i-sawdust, ithiphu, ukhula, amazambane adonsayo neminye imifino, udinga ukubeka udoti wamahlamvu ngaphezulu, humus bese ufafaza umlotha wezinkuni. Vele, ungqimba kufanele lube njalo ukuthi inhlabathi evundile yengadi (20-30 cm) ifinyelele phezulu, lapho izitshalo zemifino zizokhula khona ngesizini ezayo.
Amagama ambalwa ngo-mulching
Kuphakama imibuzo, ukuthi ngabe kuyadingeka yini ukufaka izithombo zemibhede ezilungiselelwe kusukela ekwindla, impendulo izoba ngu-yebo. Ngokuyinhloko, i-mulch, uma yenziwe ngezakhi zemvelo (lelo pheshana lelo licindezelwe ngamagatsha e-fir spruce), ngakho-ke ngeke kuthinte izinqubo ezibalulekile zamagciwane amancane esivivaneni engadini oyikhile. Ngakho-ke, entwasahlobo, ngemuva kokususa i-mulch, umbhede uzobukeka usuqabula. Into esemqoka ukukhipha isaladi ngokushesha, ukuze inhlabathi ifudumale ngokushesha.
