Abanikazi beziza zabo zomhlaba ngokuvamile abakwazi ukunquma ngomhlabathi ofanele kakhulu ngaphambi kokutshala isitshalo sokuhlobisa esinjeya se-orchid. Akukona njalo ukuthola ingxube efanelekayo yokutshala izinhlobonhlobo ezithile, ngakho abalimi nabalimi kufanele bahlole futhi kwesinye isikhathi benze amaphutha namaphutha.
Zonke izinhlobo zama-orchid zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amaningana, abizwa ngokuthi ama-epiphytic ne-terrestrial. Owokuqala wabo unganamathiselwa ngaphansi kwamatshe noma ezinye izitshalo. Uhlelo lwabo lwezimpande alutholakala emhlabathini, kepha emoyeni, lapho luthola khona umswakama oludingekayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukusetshenziswa kwe-substrate akudingekile kuma-epiphytes akhulayo. Ama-orchid asemhlolweni anokuhlukahluka okukhulu futhi akhula ezimeni ezihluke ngokuphelele. Zikhula phakathi kwezwe elingaphansi kwenhlabathi evulekile futhi evundile.
Uma uthatha isinqumo sokubandakanya ukutshalwa kwama-orchid - le mbali efunwayo, khona-ke ukuxutshwa okuphelele kuzoba inhlabathi ekahle, okuhloselwe yona ngqo lezi zitshalo. Kodwa-ke, kungcono ukuyithenga ezitolo ezikhethekile ezingadini, ezithengisa inhlabathi ngezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene. Okunye okutholakala ekuthengisweni kuyingxube yezinhlobo ezithile, isibonelo, phalaenopsis. Yize kukhonjiswa imbali eyodwa kuphela kwiphakheji, ingasetshenziswa ukukhulisa zonke izinhlobo ze-epiphytic.
Izakhi zomhlabathi we-Orchid
Ingxube yenhlabathi kumele ikhethwe ngokuya ngobude besihlahla nobungako besitsha lapho imbali izokhula khona. Njengomthetho, ingxenye eyinhloko kuwo kufanele ibe yizakhi zokugcina umswakama uma isitshalo sikhule kubhasikidi noma endaweni ehlukile. Kodwa-ke, izihlahlana ezindala ezitshalwe ezimbizeni azizidingi ngempela lezi zinto zokwenziwa.
Kwesinye isikhathi kunezinhlobo zama-orchid, ezidinga ukuba khona kwenhlabathi esindayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe okugcwele. Izakhi zemvelo nezokufakelwa ezinezimpawu zazo zingaba ngesilinganiso esihlukile kukho. Lezi zinhlobo zama-orchid zifaka, ngokwesibonelo, i-cymbidium.
Izithako zemvelo
- amagxolo esihlahla
- moss sphangnum
- izimpande zefern
- Peat
- substrate kakhukhunathi
- namalahle
- Izigaxa zikaphayini
- umhlaba wamaqabunga
Ukuqoqwa kwamagxolo ezihlahla kwenziwa ngaphakathi emahlathini kusuka ezihlahleni ze-sawn noma eziwile. Kwesinye isikhathi kusetshenziswa amagxolo awomile asuswe, asuswe ngokucophelela ezihlahleni ezisakhula. Akuvunyelwe ukuqoqa izingcezu ezibolile zamagxolo, ngoba aqukethe inani elikhulu lamagciwane angalimaza isitshalo.
I-Sphagnum moss, lapho imbiza igcwala khona, isebenza njenge-antiseptic nengxenye egcina umswakama. Isetshenziselwa ukuvikela ubungozi bokomisa ukuphuma kwenhlabathi, ngokwesibonelo, ngamanetha, emabhulokhi noma kwesinye isiqukathi lapho kukhona ukujikeleza komoya. I-moss yekhwalithi ivame ukuqoqwa ezindaweni ezinamagwinya noma emahlathini. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa lesi sakhi sokutshala ama-orchid, kudingeka ukuthi kungene umoya futhi womiswe. Ezimbizeni ezijwayelekile zezimbali noma ezitsheni lapho kunezindonga eziqhubekayo nokuvuleka kokudonsa amanzi, i-moss ayivunyelwe. Ukungeza i-filler ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi kuzokwanela.
Kunezinhlobo zama-orchid akhula kahle ku-sphagnum kuphela, ngoba i-moss inazo zonke izakhi zomsoco. Kodwa-ke, usadinga ukulandela imithetho yokunakekelwa kwezitshalo ukuze ugweme ukushoda noma ukweqisa komswakama.
Izimpande ze-fern zimbiwa ehlathini, bese ziyahlanzwa kusuka emhlabathini bese zihlanzwa ngokuphelele emanzini. Izimpande ezihlanzekile nezomisiwe zinqunywa zibe yizicucu ezinobude obungekho ngaphezu kuka-2 cm.
Amalahle asetshenziselwa ukugcina izinga le-acidity enhlabathini nasemanzini njalo. Kufanele ifakwe ekwakhiweni kwengxube yenhlabathi ngokulinganisela, ngoba inempahla yokuqongelela usawoti bese, ngalokho, ithinta ukulingana kukasawoti okuphelele. Ezitshalweni ezidinga ukugqokwa njalo phezulu, ukusetshenziswa kwamalahle enhlabathini kuyadingeka kumthamo omncane. Ibuye igezwe futhi yomiswe, bese ichotshozwa izingcezu ezincane. Amalahle alungiselelwe asetshenziswa ngqo enhlabathini noma afafazwe ebusweni bomhlaba esitsheni sokukhula kwama-orchid.
Enye into eqoqa umswakama yi-peat, ebonakala ngesisekelo esinamandla sama-coarse fiber nokuqukethwe okuphansi kukasawoti. Akunakubekwa ngaphansi kokugaya.
Izigaxa zikaphayini zihlanzwa imbewu nezinye izinto ezingcolile futhi zigezwe ngamanzi, emva kwalokho izikali zihlukaniswe komunye nomunye. Ngemuva kwalokho bacwiliswa emanzini abilayo imizuzu eminingana ukukhipha igciwane, bese yomiswa. Isikali sezinhlamvu zikaphayini singasetshenziswa esikhundleni samagxolo. Isikali esibuthakathaka sezigaxa zefir azilungele izinhloso ezinjalo.
Ngemuva kokususa amaqabunga kanye namahlumela amancane, umhlaba onamaqabunga usetshenziswa njengendawo esetshenziswayo engadini ejwayelekile, engezwa ezingxenyeni ezilungiselelwe i-cymbidium ekhulayo.
Izakhi zokwakha
- isisekelo
- ubumba olwandisiwe
- i-vermiculite
I-Perlite ne-vermiculite inempahla yokudlulisa ukufakwa kwengxube yenhlabathi. Uma zingena emanzini, ziyavuvukala, bese zithola ukubukeka kwazo kwangaphambili, zikhulule izakhi zomzimba ezincibilikisiwe.
Ubumba olwandisiwe limboza phansi ithangi. Kuyinto yokudonsa engabamba umswakama.
Inhlabathi yokukhula kwama-epiphytes
I-substrate esetshenziselwa ukukhula kwezinhlobo ze-orchid ze-epiphytic, ayenzi kuphela umsebenzi wokudla okunempilo. Indima yawo eyinhloko wukugcina isihlahla sisendaweni eqondile futhi siqinisekise ukuthi umoya ungena ezimpandeni. Ngalesi sizathu, i-substrate enjalo kungenzeka ingaqukethe noma yiziphi izinto ezikhululayo noma umhlaba, kepha ingaqukatha kuphela isihlahlana samagxolo, amalahle noma amalahle.
Akudingekile ukwengeza zonke izakhi ezifakwe kuhlu ngasikhathi sinye. Ama-orchid amaningi ama-epiphytic akhula ngokugcwele lapho esekhulile engxenyeni yamalahle, amagxolo, i-sphagnum nezimpande ze-fern, ezithathwa ngokulinganayo. Kodwa-ke, lezo zimo zisebenza kuphela kulezo zinhlobo eziyizimila ezizokhula ngamanetha noma emabhulokeni kube nokusakazeka komoya ngokukhululeka. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-moss kuloloxube kuyaphoqelelwa ukuze kulondolozwe inani elifanele lomswakama nokuvikela i-orchid ekushisweni ngaphandle. I-Sphagnum isiza ekuboneni ukuthi idinga ukuthambisa.
Ingxube yama-orchid, etshalwe emabhodweni, kufanele ibe nengxenye eyodwa yamalahle kanye nezingxenye ezinhlanu zamagxolo kaphayini. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kubonakaliswa yindawo ephansi yomthamo namandla okudlula komoya. Ezinhlotsheni zasendlini ezikhule kubhasikidi noma emabhulokini, kuyadingeka ukuthi kusetshenziswe i-substrate egcina umswakama isikhathi eside, okufanele ifaka amalahle, i-moss, bark bark. Bafakwa ngesilinganiso se-1: 2: 5.
Inhlabathi yokukhula kwama-orchid
Ama-orchid asemhlabathini adinga ukondliwa njalo. Ukuze uzikhulise, udinga inhlanganisela yamalahle, i-peat, amagxolo zikaphayini kanye nenhlabathi enamaqabunga.
Imvamisa i-epiphytic substrate isetshenziswa, lapho kusetshenziswa i-sphagnum eyomile, egcina umswakama, nenhlabathi yengadi yengezwe.
Lapho kungekho ngxube eqediwe, amagxolo, amalahle, ama-moss ne-peat kuthululelwa kulandelana okuqinile ebhodweni ukukhulisa ukuzala. Kodwa-ke, kufanele ingezwe kancane ukuze ingabi nesisindo inhlabathi, ngaphandle kwalokho izimpande zingabola kalula. Izakhi zixubene ngokucophelela, ngobumba olwandisiwe luthululelwa ezansi kwembiza.
Ngenxa yokuthi ama-secretion ahlukahlukene ezimpande avela kancane kancane esitshalweni kuyo yonke inkathi yokuphila kwakhe, isakhi esingaphansi komhlaba siyawa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi bese siphenduka udoti ongafanele. Kuyathinteka nokuba khona kwamagciwane kanye nesikhunta, okusheshisa ukubola kwezakhi zezinto eziphilayo kule ngxube. Kulokhu, i-substrate iba yinto engafanele ama-orchid akhula. Ukujikeleza komoya ngaphakathi ebhodweni nakho kuyaphazamiseka, okunomthelela omubi ekwakhekeni kohlelo lwezimpande zesitshalo. Uma uqaphela noma yiziphi izimpawu eziyizixwayiso, kungcono ukuthi ususe imbali uyihlukanise okusha noma ushintshe inhlabathi ekulesi siqukathi ukuze ikhule.
