Ukuqhakaza i-Forsythia, okusakazwa ngamakhulu wezimbali eziphuzi ezikhanyayo, akunakwenzeka ukuthi uqaphele! Uma umhlali wasehlobo efuna ukuthi i-forsythia ihlotshiswe ngesakhiwo sakhe njalo entwasahlobo, ukutshala nokunakekela endaweni evulekile yizigaba ezibalulekile ezisendleleni eya empumelelweni.
Izihlahlana zasendulo eYurophu, enye yezokuqala ukwephula i-monochrome yasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, zaqhamuka e-Asia futhi zaqanjwa ngegama lo-botanist owethula izithombo zokuqala kwi-Old World. Namuhla, iForsythia yizinhlobo ezidumile kakhulu zokutshala kanye nokwakha uthango.
Ungahlela kanjani futhi nini ukuhlela ukutshala nokunakekelwa kwe-forsia emhlabathini ovulekile ekhishini lasehlobo? Yini edinga isihlahla ukuze sikhule sinobungane?
Izimo zokutshala i-Forsythia emhlabathini ovulekile
I-Forsythia isitshalo esimangalisayo esiguqula ukubukeka kwaso njalo isizini. Entwasahlobo, lawa ngamagatsha ngaphandle kwamaqabunga, kepha aminyene ngezimbali. Ehlobo, isihlahla simbozwe ngotshani, lapho ekwindla sishintsha umbala ube nsundu noma onsomi. Ufuna indawo ye-forsythia, kufanele unake izindawo lapho i-shrub izobonakala ngokucacile futhi ikhanyiswe khona.
Yize i-Forsythia ikwazi ukuma emthunzini, elangeni isihlahla sakhiwa siminyene futhi. Isitshalo asinciphisi ekuvundeni kwenhlabathi, kepha sikhula kangcono emhlabathini ngokusabela kwe-alkaline, drainage enhle. Isiko:
- ukwehlisa ukunakekela;
- ine-flavost enhle kakhulu yeqhwa, yenza lula ubusika beForsythia emhlabathini ovulekile;
- ibekezelela isomiso kahle;
- iphendula kahle kumuntu wokugunda izinwele futhi ongasetshenziselwa uthango olukhulayo.
Kunezinketho ezimbili zokutshala i-Forsythia emhlabathini: entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Esimweni sokuqala, izihlahlana ezisencane ngemuva kokuqhakaza ngokushesha ziqala ukukhula, zinikeze amahlumela amasha. Amabhasi adluliselwa engadini ekwindla aqala kuphela izimpande, futhi aqhamuke nokukhula ubusika.
Izinsuku zokutshala ze-Forsythia
Isikhathi sokudlulisela izithombo engadini sikhethwa ngokuya ngesifunda nekhwalithi yezinto zokutshala. Izikhungo eziningi zokunakekela izingane namuhla zinikeza izitshalo ezincane ngohlelo lwempande oluvaliwe. Izithombo ezikhule ezitsheni zidluliselwa ndawonye ngesigaxa sodaka, ngakho-ke izimpande azihlupheki, isihlahla kalula futhi sizivumelanise nendawo entsha yokuhlala. Futhi umhlali wasehlobo uqinisekisiwe ukunakekelwa okulula kwe-forsythia emhlabathini ovulekile ngemuva kokutshala, noma nini lapho kwenzeka: entwasahlobo, ehlobo noma ekwindla.
Kuzithombo ezinohlelo oluvulekile lwezimpande, ukutshala ezinyangeni zasentwasahlobo, lapho usongo lweziqalo ezingazelelwe luhambile, noma ekwindla, cishe inyanga ngaphambi kokuqala kokubanda kwesizini, kungcono. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-shrub iyavuma futhi izokwazi ukulungiselela ubusika.
Njengoba izimo zezulu ezifundeni zezwe zihluke kakhulu, kunomehluko omkhulu ngesikhathi sokutshala nokunakekelwa kwe-forsia endaweni evulekile, eSifundeni saseMoscow, ngokwesibonelo, enkabeni nasenyakatho yeSiberia, lapho ukushisa kuza kamuva bese ihlobo lifushane kakhulu:
- Uma ubambezela ukutshala kwezitshalo engadini, ukubambezeleka kwazo kanye nokubamba kwezimpawu kuzobambezeleka, futhi amahlumela anikelwe ehlobo ngeke abe nesikhathi sokuqina ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa.
- Ukutshala kwentwasahlobo yokuqala kusongela ukukhulula ama-buds, iziqongo zamahlumela, kanye nesithwathwa esinamandla emhlabathini - ukuhlulwa kwamaphuzu wokukhula nezimpande.
Ekwindla, ukutshala iForsythia emhlabathini nakho kuya ngesimo sezulu kanye nesimo sezulu futhi kungahlukahluka ngisho esifundeni esifanayo, ngokwesibonelo, sikhulu njengama-Urals. Uma abalimi baseningizimu behlala ngokwekhalenda elifana nalelo elisetshenziswa ngabasebenza ngezindlu zasehlobo, lapho enyakatho isimo sezulu sibi kakhulu futhi singashintsha.
Ukutshala i-Forsythia emhlabathini ovulekile
I-Forsythia ithanda inhlabathi eyomile, enamakhaza futhi ayikubekezeleli ukumiswa komswakama enhlabathini. Ngakho-ke, ezansi kwemigodi yokungena enobubanzi obungu-60 nobubanzi obungama-50 cm, kudonswa amanzi ngokudaka ngezitini ezaphukile, udaka olwandisiwe noma amatshe. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukungasinaki lesi silinganiso ezindaweni ezinomhlabathi ominyene, ophethe amanzi nalapho amanzi asemhlabathini asondele kakhulu khona. Isibonelo ukusithwa nokunakekelwa kwe-fors esifundeni saseLeningrad.
Ungqimba lwesihlabathi kanye nengxube yomhlabathi ebilungiselelwe ngaphambilini esekwe ku:
- 2 izingxenye zomhlaba wephepha;
- 1 ingxenye Peat;
- 1 izingxenye zesihlabathi.
Emgodini ngamunye, amagremu ama-200 womlotha weenkuni ohlangene uxutshwa emhlabathini. Isendlalelo esincane sithululelwa ifindo, ezinhlangothini lapho izimpande zesihlahla zisatshalaliswa. Ngemuva kokugcwalisa umgodi, inhlabathi iyahlanganiswa futhi iniselwe kakhulu ngesilinganiso samalitha ayi-10-15 kwisitshalo ngasinye. Ekwindla ngemuva kokutshala i-Forsythia, nakekela lesi sihlahla siqukethe ukuciba okuningilizayo kwesiyingi sesiqu. Lokhu kuzosiza ukugcinwa kwamanzi enhlabathini futhi kuvikele nezimpande kusuka ekumeni ngokweqile.
I-Mulch izosiza entwasahlobo, ikakhulukazi lapho ihlobo liqala khona ngokushesha, bese inhlabathi yomile ngokushesha, imbozwe ngokhuni olungangeneki.
Ukunakekelwa kwe-Forsythia ngemuva kokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile
Inzuzo ebalulekile yeForsythia ayikukhuphuki kanye nokungabikho kwanoma yikuphi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile. Ngenkathi efudumele, izihlahlana ezikhula ngokushesha ngesidingo sokunakekelwa okuncane:
- ekuniseleni, uma kungekho kwezulu lemvelo, futhi inhlabathi engaphansi kwezitshalo imile ngokuphelele;
- ekulondolozeni inhlanzeko nokuba sobala kwemibuthano yeziqu;
- ekugqokeni kathathu okuphezulu;
- endaweni yokugunda izinwele esisiza ukugcina impilo nokubukeka komqhele.
Ezikhathini ezishisayo nezomile, izitshalo ziniselwa kanye noma kabili ngenyanga ngobuningi, insimu lapho umhlabathi uthukululwa, ukhula futhi kufakwe phakathi. Njenge-mulch, ungasebenzisa i-lowland peat exutshwe ne-humus kanye ne-ash ash. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa ukuvikela izimpande kusuka ekushiseni ngokweqile nasekwenzeni okuhle komanyolo isikhathi eside. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izihlahlana zisabela kahle ekusetshenzisweni komanyolo ogcwele wamaminerali ngaphambi nangemva kokuqhakaza.
Engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo, ungavundisi izihlahla nge-nitrogen. Izodala ukukhula okusebenzayo kwamahlumela amancane, okuthi ngisho nokutshala okuyikho nokunakekelwa kokuphoqelela e-Urals, eSiberia kanye nomgwaqo ophakathi nendawo ngeke ube nesikhathi sokuvuthwa futhi ufe ngokuqala kwesithwathwa.
Ingxenye ebalulekile yokuphoqelela ukunakekelwa ukuhlahla izihlahla. Ngezinhloso zokuhlanzeka, ukususwa kwamagatsha afile, amadala noma alimele kwenziwa entwasahlobo, kanti ukugunda izinwele ukulungisa isimo - ekuqaleni kwehlobo, lapho izimbali eziningi ziphela. Muva nje, amahlumela aphuzi wezimbali ancishiswa ngesigamu sobude, futhi amagatsha amadala asikwa ngaphezu kwenhlabathi ukuze amahlumela ambalwa asale ezansi.
Kanye njalo eminyakeni emi-3 kuya kwengama-4, i-forsythia iyenziwa kabusha, isike ngokulinganayo zonke amahlumela ngesigamu noma kokuthathu kwezingxenye zobude. Ehlobo, lesi sitshalo sizobuyisela umqhele, ozoba mnene, umfanise futhi umncane, ukuze intwasahlobo elandelayo izothokozela izimbali eziqhakazile.
Ezindaweni eziningi, lesi sitshalo sihlala kahle ngaphandle kwezindawo zokukhosela. Uma ubusika bungebusika kakhulu, ngaphambi kobusika, i-forsythia emhlabathini ovulekile ifakwa emhlabathini ngobumnene, iqondiswe futhi imbozwe ngamagatsha e-spruce noma ngento eminyene engasokiwe. Ngethuba lokuqala, izihlahla ziphonswa yiqhwa.
Ukusakazwa kwe-Forsythia endaweni evulekile
Ingxenye yamagatsha asele ngemuva kokunqunywa iyindwangu enhle kakhulu yokuthola ukusikeka okuzonikeza ukusakazwa kwe-forsythia. Amahlumela aluhlaza asikwa abe yizicucu ubude obungu-10-15 cm ukuze ngamunye abe nezinso eziningana ezinempilo. Amaqabunga aphansi ayasuswa, futhi isiqu esiphumela, ngemuva kokwelashwa ngesikhuthazo sezimpande, sitshalwe endaweni ebamba ukushisa.
Ekwindla, enye indlela yokusakazeka kwe-Forsythia endaweni evulekile kungenzeka. Esikoleni, ehlelwe endaweni ethule, evikelekile emoyeni nasezikhukhula, bayatshalwa abalunyisiwe. Isikhathi esisele ngaphambi kwamakhaza, isithombo sizokhipha izimpande, bese amahlumela angama-2-3 asele ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi avuke entwasahlobo bese akha umqhele omncane wesihlahla esikhulu. Ukuwa okulandelayo, izitshalo ezinjalo zingatshalwa endaweni ehlala njalo.
