Ukudwetshwa komhlaba okumile kwezindonga zezakhiwo nezinhlaka ezahlukahlukene ezinezitshalo ezikhuphukayo - imivini kuyindlela eqhubekayo ekwakhiweni okuluhlaza. Okokuqala, lokhu akudingi isikhala esingeziwe esibalulekile. Ama-Creepers aqhathanisa kahle nezinye izitshalo. Imvamisa yokuzalanisa kalula, ikhule ngokushesha, emgqeni ophakathi kwengxenye yaseYurophu yaseRussia iminyaka emi-2 imboza ngokuphelele izindonga zezakhiwo zezindaba ezi-1-2. Izitshalo ezikhuphukayo ziyipulasitiki kuhulumeni wokukhanya, omelana negesi, onobusika obunzima. Izinhlobo eziningi zingamaqabunga okuhlobisa kakhulu, izimbali nezithelo, ukuqina nokuqina kwamahlumela. Kuzo zonke izitshalo ezaziwayo, imivini enamapulangwe kuphela ekwaziyo ukukhuphuka ngokuzimele ezindongeni zezakhiwo eziyi-2-4. Ezinye izinhlobo zemivini esetshenziselwa ukwakheka kwezwe zingumthombo owengeziwe wezithelo ezisezingeni eliphakeme nezidlekayo zokwelapha: i-actinidia, amagilebhisi, amajikijolo, lemongrass, nezinye. Izakhiwo, amakhabethe, amatshe amanethi, izindonga, i-pergolas, i-trellis, uthango, izithombe ezihlotshiswe ngemifino eluhlaza, zinikeza amadolobha asemgqeni ophakathi naphakathi, eningizimu.
Indlela yokutshala ingadi emileEmadolobheni ethu namadolobhana, izindlu eziningi ezakhiwe ngokuya ngemiklamo ejwayelekile, ikakhulukazi izakhiwo ezakhiwe ngaphambili, azihlali zinqoba ngokwakhiwa. Ema-microdistricts amaningana, izindawo zokuhlala zonke ziyabukeka futhi ziyizothe. Kulokhu, amathemba amakhulu abekwe ekutshaleni ingadi emile, ebiza ngokuqondile enye yezindlela ezingokonga kakhulu futhi ezitholakala ngokujwayelekile zokuqamba izindonga zezakhiwo zezakhiwo nezinhlaka ezahlukahlukene. Kucelwa ukuthi ubambe iqhaza elibalulekile kwezokwakha, kwezobuciko, nangokuhlanzeka emadolobheni amakhulu namanje.
Ingadi emile, ngaphezu kwezakhiwo zokuhlala, nayo isetshenziswa ekuluhlaza okongeni izindonga zamabhizinisi ezimboni, izingane, amasiko, ezokwelapha nezindawo zemidlalo; lapho uhlobisa izindlu ezindala; iyasetshenziswa nasendaweni yokulima engadini.
Kunombono ongelona iqiniso wokuthi ama-lianas, akhula eduze kwezakhiwo, anikela ekuqongeleleni kokudangala ezindongeni nasekubhujisweni kwawo. Ucwaningo nokuzilolonga isikhathi eside kubonise ukuthi izimpande zezitshalo ezikhuphukayo zikhipha umswakama owedlulele enhlabathini lapho isisekelo sendlu, futhi ingxenye engenhla ivikela izindonga ekushiseni ngokweqile, emvuleni, ngakho-ke ekubhujisweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kudala izimo ezinhle kakhulu emakhaya.
Indlela yokutshala ingadi emileLolu hlobo lokutshala izingadi lusha futhi lungejwayelekile, ngeshwa alukatholakali ukusatshalaliswa okubanzi, ikakhulukazi ezweni lethu. Siyethemba ukuthi amathiphu namacebo wethu azosiza abalimi basheshe ukusombulula lolu daba.
Ukuze uhlakulele ngobunono ama-lianas, kuyadingeka ukuthi uzijwayeze izici zemvelo zokukhula kwazo kanye nezici zezemvelo ezungezile, lapho zikhula kahle futhi zibonise ngokuphelele ubuhle bokuhlobisa.
Izilozane zezihlahla ezinqenqemeni zethu ezinesimo sezulu esipholile zingakhuphuka zifinyelele kumamitha angama-20-30; ububanzi besiqu esiyinhloko kwesinye isikhathi bufika ku-20 cm (amagilebhisi anamaqabunga amantombazane amahlanu). Izinhlobo eziningi zemivini zakha umqhele onamandla, zibonakala ngokukhula okusheshayo, izimbali zokuqala (zonyaka wesibili-3), izithelo (zonyaka wesithathu-3) futhi ngasikhathi sinye ziyahlukahlukana ngokuphila isikhathi eside (ukukhuphuka ama-roses kanye nokukhuphuka kwe-honeysuckle kuphila iminyaka eyi-100 amagilebhisi - aze afike ku-200, i-ivy - aze afike kuma-300). Cishe sonke lesi sikhathi zingasatshalaliswa ngokuhlanzekile.
Izithombo ekuqaleni zikhula njengezitshalo ezijwayelekile, futhi lapho amandla okunamathisela ezinsizakalweni avela, athola izici zemivini yangempela. Kuma-ascers (amagilebhisi) ama-tendrils avela lapho ama-internode angama-8-10 akhiwa ezitshalweni zonyaka kanye nobude bamahlumela afinyelela ku-40-45 cm. Bangakwazi ukusonta izixhaso lapho befika ukuphakama okungama-30-50 cm (i-Actinidia, ipulangwe izinkuni).
Indlela yokutshala ingadi emileUkuqala kokuphila kwesitshalo ngemuva kobusika kuhlotshaniswa nokuqala kokugeleza kwesiqu. Ngemivini eminingi (i-actinidia, i-lemongrass, amagilebhisi, njll.) Lokhu kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kukaMashi noma ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Amahlumela we-clematis ne-honeysuckle aqala ukukhula kakhulu ekuqaleni kweshumi (2nd-3rd ka-Ephreli); ngobuningi babanye (amagilebhisi, i-actinidia, i-kirkazon, i-pliers yezinkuni, i-lemongrass, njll.), Amahlumela aqala ukukhula eminyakeni eyishumi nambili kaMeyi.
Ezitshalweni ezindala (i-actinidia, izingodo zokhuni, amagilebhisi, i-clematis), ubude bamahlumela wonyaka bungafinyelela ku-2 m. Lokhu kungenxa yesikhathi esiphakeme sokukhula kwabo kwesizini (kufika ezinyangeni ezi-4) nokukhula okunamandla kwansuku zonke kwamahlumela (4-6 cm). Ngokuwa, amahlumela ayakwazi ukufiphaza kahle, kanti izitshalo zihlala zinobusika impela.
Isikhathi sokuqhakaza nezithelo zomvini eMinsk akusafani. NgoMeyi, i-honeysuckle ephuzi, i-honeysuckle, isikhulu, ukuqhakaza okuqhakaza, ukuqhakaza kwe-lemongrass. NgoJuni - i-actinidia, i-kirkazon, imbewu yenyanga, iJacquman clematis, onsomi, iTangut, amagilebhisi. NgoJulayi, amakhulu, isithembu, amaqabunga amaqabunga amahlanu, iqabunga le-clematis actinidia lamagilebhisi; ngo-Agasti, Chinese, empumalanga, njll.
Izitshalo eziqhakaza ngoMeyi - Julayi zihlukaniswa yisithelo esihle nekhwalithi yembewu. Izithelo ezibuthakathaka futhi zakha imivini engenagqinsi eyakhiwe kahle, iqhakaza ngo-Agasti.
Indlela yokutshala ingadi emileEnye yezinto ezibalulekile zemvelo ezivimbela isiko lemivini ukushisa okuphansi kwenkathi ebusika. Imivini enzima kakhulu ebusika yi-colomikt actinidia, amagilebhisi e-Amur, amagilebhisi abomvu, izimpungushe, amagilebhisi anamaqabunga amahlanu, okokugoba izinkuni okuzungezile, okuthe xaxa, okuyi-honeysuckle ephuzi, i-honeysuckle, i-kirkazon enkulu, i-schisandra yase-China, i-clematis, i-Tangut, i-pruneaceae alemon. nezinye.I-actinidia engatheni ebusika ibinkulu, inesithembu, amagilebhisi atshaliwe, amagilebhisi anqunyiwe, ukukhuphuka noma ukugibela ama-rose, njll. E-Belarus, amagilebhisi atshaliwe, okhula ama-rose, iqhude UJacquman wasp udinga indawo yokukhosela ebusika.
I-Actinidia, i-kirkazon, i-rose yenza izimfuno eziphezulu zokuzala kwenhlabathi; Ngokuphambene nalokho, "okungafuneki kangako - i-pliers nembewu yenyanga. I-Honeysuckle, i-lemongrass, isikhulu, i-blackberry inesidingo esiphakathi salokhu.
Amagilebhisi ne-clematis amelana ngokwanele nokuntuleka kwesikhashana komswakama nesomiso. Ngokuphikisana nabo, i-Actinidia, Kircasone, Schisandra, Moonseed, phakathi nenkathi eyomile, kukhona ophuzi, ukusonteka kwamaqabunga, ukubola kwezimbali nezithelo.
Indlela yokutshala ingadi emileEzinye izinhlobo zikhula ngempumelelo futhi zikhule ezindaweni ezinokhanyayo, anelanga. Lokhu kufaka amagilebhisi, ukugibela i-honeysuckle, rose kanye ne-clematis. Ukubekezelela umthunzi kuyizinhlobo ezimbalwa kuphela. Umthunzi obalulekile ungathwalwa ngumbhuli, imbewu yenyanga, umvini wamahlamvu amahlanu, i-ivy. Isikhulu, i-lemongrass, ne-kirkazon zithatha isikhundla esiphakathi maqondana nombuso wokukhanya.
Izinhlobo zabantu abadala bezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemivini ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo zokukhula zifinyelela osayizi abangalingani - ukusuka ku-3 kuye ku-20 m noma ngaphezulu.
Kokukhula okuphumelelayo, ukuqhakaza okugcwele kwezimbali nokutshala izithelo zomvini, ukulungiselela ngokucophelela inhlabathi kuyadingeka ngokuwugebha kuze kube ngu-40-50 cm ngokufakwa kuka-20-30 kg we-humus nge-1 m2. Ngokudonswa komhlaba ngokuqhubekayo kwezakhiwo, bamba imisele engama-40-50 cm ububanzi kanye nokujula kuka-60-70 cm. Imivini eyodwa iyatshalwa emigodini ngama-50 x 50 cm ngosayizi.
Imigodi yokufakelwa nemisele yokumbiwa akukho okucishe kube ngu-10-20 cm kusuka kusisekelo sesakhiwo. Ezindaweni ezinamanzi amaningi emivini ngaphansi kwethonya lamanzi wesivunguvungu, umgodi wokufika kufanele ubiyelwe ngohlangothi olukhonkolo 5-b cm, ushiye umgodi wemivini onobukhulu obungu-20X30 cm.
Indlela yokutshala ingadi emileIbanga phakathi kwezitshalo ngesikhathi sokutshala kuya ngosayizi otholwe kanye nekhono legatsha. Ngokudonswa komhlaba okuqhubekayo ebangeni eli-0,6-1.0 m ukusuka kwelinye, kuthathwe i-sunflower, inkosana, i-clematis; I-1.0-2.0 m - i-honeysuckle, i-kirkazon, i-lemongrass; 2-3.0 m - i-actinidia, amagilebhisi, amaphayiphu enkuni.
Isikhathi esihle sokutshala imivini kusentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kwamahlamvu. Kodwa-ke, i-honeysuckle, i-clematis iqala ukukhula ekuseni kakhulu, ngakho-ke isikhathi sentwasahlobo sokutshala sinqunyelwe. Lemivini kufanele itshalwe ekwindla. Izithombo zitshalwe endaweni ehlala njalo i-10-15 cm ngokujulile kunokuba zikhule e-nursery. Ukufika phansi okuvuselelwa kabusha kukhuthaza ukwakheka kwezimpande ezidonsayo, ukuthuthukiswa okunamandla kwezingxenye zezindiza, futhi kuvikele ekuqotheni.
Ngokubekwa phansi mpo kwezakhiwo, izakhiwo, uthango, izikebhe kufanele zibekwe ngokuhambisana namaphoyinti wekhadinali, ngoba izidingo zombuso wokukhanya azifani nazo.
Ukulungisa ingadi emile
- a) izindonga zaseningizimu, mpumalanga kanye nasentshonalanga eseningizimu zifanelekile: ukukhuphuka kwe-rose, ukukhuphuka i-honeysuckle, amagilebhisi, i-clematis;
- b) empumalanga, empumalanga nasentshonalanga: i-Actinidia, kirkazon, isikhulu, umvini we-Chinese magnolia;
- c) enyakatho nasenyakatho-ntshonalanga: amagilebhisi amantombazane anamaqabunga amahlanu nokhuni.
Kuzo zombili izinhlangothi, ungatshala umvini nezithelo zomvini zamantombazane.
Ukubekwa okunjalo kwemivini kudala izimo ezilungile kakhulu zokukhula okuhle nentuthuko, okuzoba nomthelela ekuhlobiseni kwawo okuphezulu nokuqina.
Indlela yokutshala ingadi emileUkunakekela imivini akuhlukile kakhulu ekunakekeleni ezinye izitshalo. Ubungqabavu bokushiya ukunikeza amahlumela abo indlela ethile, "izidrobha" eziluhlaza ngokwazo - amafomu afanele ngokugoba kanye nokusika amahlumela ngasikhathi sinye.
Ngasikhathi sinye, imivini kufanele ivikeleke ekulimaleni okungenzeka. Ukuze wenze lokhu, baboshwe ngenduku ephansi noma ngekhreyithi ekhethekile; Ukudonsa kwamanzi ngendlela efanelekile ophahleni lwesakhiwo ukuvikela ukuguguleka kwezimpande nokubanjiswa kwamanzi kwenhlabathi.
Njengoba ubona, izinhlobo eziningi zemivini zinobusika obuqinile-ezimeni zasendaweni, ziyakhula futhi zikhule ngempumelelo, ziyamelana nezimo zemvelo zasemadolobheni, cishe azihlushwa izilokazane nezifo, futhi zinomphumela owomile wokuhlobisa. Lezi zinzuzo zinikeza isizathu sokuncoma imivini yokusetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakhiweni okuluhlaza.
Indlela yokutshala ingadi emile
