Kumabala ezindlu nasengadini eRussia, isihlahla sama-apula siwumuthi wezithelo ojwayelekile kakhulu. Ngenxa yobuciko babafuyi bezitshalo, ezindaweni ezisenyakatho nasendaweni ye-steppe, namuhla ungathola izitshalo ezihle ngokubeka ingadi ngesisekelo sezinhlobonhlobo zoned.
Ukutshala izithombo, okunikezwa kakhulu yi-nurseries, sekuyindlela enkulu yokuzalanisa yezihlahla zeapula ezitshaliwe. Futhi abaningi abacabangi ngisho nethuba elinjalo, ukuthi ungatyala kanjani isihlahla sama-apula esivela embewini. Kepha bekuyindlela le ngqo enikeze umfutho ekuqubukeni kwezinhlobo zesimanje zezinhlobo nezinhlobo zezihlahla ezingama-apula ezitshaliwe ezihlanganiswe ngokukhethwa kwabantu kanye nokuya lapho beya khona. Ngasikhathi sinye, izithombo ezitholwe kusuka ezinhlamvini hhayi nje kuphela izinto ezisebenzayo zokuzalela, kodwa futhi nezitoko zembewu ezinhle kakhulu, ezibonakaliswa isikhathi eside sokuphila, ubulukhuni nobusika nokukhuthazela.
Ukuze ukhule umuthi we-apula kusuka enzalweni ekhaya, kuyodingeka ukhethe ukuthi ukutshala okufanele futhi ube nesineke, ngoba i-ovary yokuqala esihlahleni ingavela kuphela emva kweminyaka engama-5 ukuya kwengama-10..
Ungayilungisa kanjani imbewu ukuze ukhule isihlahla se-apula
Njengoba isithombo esitholakala embewini ngeke sithwale izici zezinhlobonhlobo “zabazali,” kungcono ukuthatha imbewu e-brown evuthwe kahle evela kumuntu ojwayelekile wase-Antonovka, Korichnaya emthende, eGrawuvka Moskovskaya, ePepin saffron, eChina noma esihlahleni samahlathi aphuma ihlumela. Kulokhu, isitshalo esithuthukisiwe ngeke siveze izithelo zokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu, kodwa sizokhula kuphela futhi siqine.
Ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu ekhishwe ku-apula:
- ukususa i-inhibitor evimbela ukuhluma kwe-inhibitor kugezwa ngamanzi afudumele;
- ofakwe izinsuku ezintathu, egeza njalo amathambo futhi eshintsha namanzi;
- ngosuku lwesithathu, isisusa sokukhula, ngokwesibonelo, i-sodium humate noma i-Epin, singezelelwa emanzini.
Ngesikhathi esichithwa endaweni enomswakama, imbewu iyavuvukala. Ukulingisa ukuqala kobusika, ukwenza lukhuni imbewu bese uthola amahlumela akhula ngesikhathi esifanele, izinto zokutshala zifafazwa nge-sawdust, i-moss nge-sphagnum noma isihlabathi exutshwe nekhabhoni ecijile eyenziwe yasebenza phansi, efakwa umswakama kahle, embozwe ifilimu eyenziwe yagcotshwa futhi yabekwa phansi ngenxa yokuqunjelwa, ukuyithumela izinsuku ezingama-90-100 kumakhaza.
Ekhaya, imbewu yama-apula ingagcinwa emazingeni okushisa angaba ngu-4 oC esiqandisini, uhlola njalo izinga lokuswakama, inhlala-kahle kanye nezinga lokuhluma kwezithombo.
Izindlela zokutshala i-apula kusuka imbewu ekhaya
Abanye abalimi, lapho benza amalungiselelo okuqala nokuhlwanyelwa, banamathela kuleyo ndlela yakudala, lapho imbewu evela ku-apula elivuthiwe, isanda kuthathwa egatsheni, yahlanzwa futhi yatshalwa emhlabathini. Ngezikhathi zokwindla nezasebusika, imbewu iyakhukhumala, iyafifiyela futhi ilukhuni, kanti entwasahlobo inika izithombo ezinhle zezithombo. Into esemqoka ukuthi kusukela esikhathini sokutshala imbewu ingene enhlabathini kanye nokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo kufanele kube okungenani izinsuku ezingama-21, futhi ukuswakama, ngaphambi kokukhulisa umuthi weapula kusuka imbewu, kuzokwandisa isibalo sezithombo kuphela.
Emakhaya, ukuthola amasheya, imbewu ifakwe emanzini, ihlukaniswe ngokwezindlela zokuqala, bese ihlwanyelwa entwasahlobo. Ngakho-ke, embuzweni: "Kunini lapho kufanelekile ukutshala isihlahla sama-apula entwasahlobo noma ekwindla?", Kuzo zombili lezi zimo impendulo enengqondo inganikezwa. Inhlabathi yokutshala enhlabathini noma ezitsheni zokulinywa kwasekhaya iyacetshiswa ngezithasiselo zamaminerali. Ngamakhilogremu ayi-10 enhlanganisela yenhlabathi engadini, inhlabathi emnyama kanye ne-peat iyengeza:
- Amagremu angama-30 we-superphosphate;
- Amagremu angama-200 okhuni, umlotha osuswe kahle;
- Amagremu ama-20 we-potassium sulfate.
Imbewu ye-Apple itshalwe enhlabathini kuze kube ngu-15 mm, ngenkathi ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo kufanele okungenani libe ngu-20 mm, naphakathi kwezintambo ngazinye - 15-20 cm.
Ngemuva kokutshala, isihla noma iziqukathi ziniselwa kakhulu, uqaphela ukuthi ungabhubhisi inhlabathi ngaphezulu kwembewu ezisondele ebusweni.
Lapho kwembulwa amahlamvu amane eqiniso ezinhlanyelweni, izitshalo ziyahlungwa, zisuse izinyoni zasendle ezaziwayo, bese zigqitshwa ukhula, zikhulisa ibanga ukuya ku-8 cm.Uma umlimi engacabangi ukuthi angakhula kanjani i-apula elitshaliwe, kubalulekile ukuthi ususe lezo ezibonisa izimpawu enanini lamahlumela ukubukeka zasendle. Ungahlukanisa ukhula kusuka esitshalweni esitshaliwe ngamahlamvu amancane, anemibala egqamile kanye nokuba khona kwama-spikes acinene aqondile esiqwini. Izihlahla zama-apula ezinhlobonhlobo azinawo ameva, futhi amaqabunga makhulu, avame ukubhula, abe nekhaba eligoqiwe leqabunga.
Ungawondla kanjani umuthi we-apula ehlobo kanye nezindlela zokunakekela izithombo
Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, izithombo ze-apula zikhula ngenkuthalo, ngakho-ke lowo osebenza engadini kudingeka anakekele ukufaka umanyolo izithombo.
Zidlani izihlahla zama-apula ehlobo? Uma ngesikhathi sokutshala umanyolo we-organic osebenzayo, ngokwesibonelo, umquba noma ukuphonsa inyoni, okungashisa amahlumela abuthakathaka bese kuba ngumthombo wokutheleleka ngegciwane lezinhlanyelo, kungasetshenziswa, khona-ke ehlobo kokudunga organic kuyadingeka. Kepha ngonyaka wokuqala wokukhula, kungcono ukuyeka ukufakwa komquba futhi, ukubuyisela esikhundleni sokufakwa kwe-humus noma ezinye izithasiselo ze-humic eziphephe ezitshalweni ezincane.
Njengasendabeni yezihlahla zabantu abadala be-apula, ngo-Agasti izithombo zithola umanyolo we-phosphorus-potassium, okuhloswe ngawo ukuvuthwa okungcono amahlumela nokumisa ukuthuthukiswa kwesisindo esiluhlaza. Ngamamitha ayisikwele ngamunye uzodinga: 15 amagremu we-potassium chloride kanye ne-superphosphate ephindwe kabili. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kusetshenziswa ngenkathi kukhululwa inhlabathi. Izicucu zifafazwa ngenhlabathi futhi amasimu athelwa kakhulu. Ukunisela izithombo kubaluleke kakhulu njengokugqoka kwaphezulu. Ngenkathi umuthi we-apula otshalwe embewini ungakhethanga uhlelo olunamandla lwezimpande, izithombo ziniselwa ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-7-10, ziqikelela ukuthi ukuqhuma kobumba obuminyene abukwakhi.
Uma isithombo esitshaliwe sizosetshenziswa njengesitoko, ngo-Okthoba lesi sitshalo simbiwa, wonke amahlamvu asele ayasuswa bese kuthi izimpande zangaphakathi zisikwe kude nge-20 cm ukusuka entanjeni yezimpande. Lesi silinganiso sizovumela ukwakheka kwezimpande ze-microus fibrous futhi kuthinte umkhawulo ukukhula kwe-seedling uqobo. Kuze kube sentwasahlobo, lapho ukugonywa kuzokwenziwa, isitoko sembewu nge-rhizome embozwe singagcinwa egumbini elingaphansi elipholile.
Ungatshala kanjani emhlabathini futhi ukhule isihlahla sama-apula esivela embewini?
Umuthi omncane we-apula utshalwa endaweni ehlala njalo entwasahlobo noma ekwindla, ngemuva kokukhetha indawo enokhanyiso kahle, eyomile yesihlahla esikhulu esinohlelo olunamandla lwezimpande.
Ukutshala isithombo nokuyinakekela ngonyaka wokuqala emva kokutshala akuhlukile kulezo zinto ezenziwayo ezenziwe ngesithombo se-apula esijwayelekile. Ukubuyela embuzweni wokuthi ungatshala nini isihlahla sama-apula entwasahlobo noma ekwindla, kufanele kuphawulwe:
- uma isihlahla sama-apula esivela embewini sikhule ekhaya, isikhathi kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Meyi noma ukuqala kwekwindla kuzoba isikhathi esifanele sokuwuthuthela emhlabathini;
- izithombo, lapho zikhulele emhlabathini ovulekile, zidluliselwa endaweni ehlala njalo kusuka entwasahlobo kuya ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba.
Ngasikhathi sinye, umuntu akufanele akhohlwe ukuthi izithombo ezikhula ezimweni zamakamelo zidinga ukufakelwa kuziqukathi ezivulekile kakhudlwana njengoba zikhula, futhi ukuchelela kuleli cala kwenzeka kaningi. Lapho izihlahla zama-apula, ikakhulukazi unyaka wokuqala wokuphila, ziwela emhlabathini ovulekile, zinomusa kakhulu futhi zivame ukuthintwa yizilokazane nezifo. Izithombo ezincane ziyisilwane esamukelekayo sezilwane. Ngakho-ke, isihlahla sezithelo esizayo noma isiphunzi saseminyakeni yokuqala kumele sinikeze isivikelo esithembekile kulezi zitha naseqandeni.
