Ukuvikela umuthi we-apula ekuthelelekeni ngegciwane

Ingxenye 1. Izifo zokukhunta nezigciwane zezihlahla ze-apula
Ingxenye 2. Ukuvikela isihlahla sama-apula ekutheleleni amagciwane
Ingxenye 3. Izilokazane ze-Apple - izindlela zokulawula

Izifo ezivame kakhulu ezibangelwa amagciwane yilezi: ukushiswa kwamagciwane, umdlavuza wezimpande ngebhaktiriya, i-bacterium necrosis, ukubonwa kwamagciwane.

Izimpawu zokutheleleka ngegciwane

Ukushiswa kwamagciwane kwesihlahla se-apula. © Ninjatacoshell

Izimpawu ezejwayelekile zokulimazeka kwamagciwane ezithweni ezingaphezulu komhlaba zezihlahla ze-apula:

at umdlavuza wamagciwane noma i-bacterium necrosis ukubonakala kwamaqhuqhuva amahlumela amancane avula, kuveze izicubu zangaphakathi zesitshalo. Amaqabunga ambozwe amabala ansundu. Ngokuvamile, izitho ezithintekile zesitshalo zinemibala emgqonyeni wezimbali ezinombala onsundu,

at ukushiswa kwamagciwane amagatsha ezihlahla athintekile abukeka sengathi ashiswe ngumlilo. Ukubonakaliswa kwalesi sifo kuqala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo (ukuqhakaza) ngesimo sokufiphaza nokwenza mnyama izitho zokuzala nezikhiqiza ukudla, ukuqedwa kokukhula nentuthuko. Isihlahla singafa kungazelelwe noma simbozwe ngamabhulayo amasayizi ahlukahlukene agcwaliswe nge-bacterial mucus. Igeleza ivela emanxebeni, emaqanda, kumifantu ku-cortex, kuqhuma amabhungane. Ihlanganisa izitho ezithintekile ngefilimu empunga noma iqinise ngesimo samaconsi amhlophe ansonsayo. Amagciwane awandayo asuka ezithweni ezincane kuya ezinkulwaneni ezinkulu emithanjeni, okubangela ukufa kwesitshalo sonke,

at umdlavuza wezimpande wegciwane lesi sifo singabonakala okokuqala entanjeni yezimpande bese kuba esiqwini nasemagatsheni ezihlahla ngendlela yokukhula okubushelelezi, okuthi ekugcineni kube nokulimala bese kuthola umbala onsundu noma omnyama. Amagciwane, angena ezicutshini ngamanxeba, ukuqhekeka, ukusikeka (ukusikeka kwamehlo), ukulimala kokwethembeka kwe-cortex yizinambuzane, kuyanda. Zibangela ukuhlukana okwandayo kwamaseli wezicubu futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukwanda nokwakhiwa kwe-sag. Kwehla ukubola ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amagciwane aqala ukungena ezicutshini ezinempilo zesitho esingaphezulu nangaphansi kwezitho zomzimba, kubandakanya nezimpande. Ikhula ezimpandeni, isimila siba siqinile. Izitho ezingaphezulu nangaphansi komhlaba azikwazi ukusebenza ngokujwayelekile kanti nomuthi uyafa.

Amakhambi ngomonakalo wegciwane

Njengakwezinye izifo, izindlela eziphambili ubuchwepheshe obulungile bezolimo bensimu. Ukuze ulondoloze "impilo" yakhe, akudingeki nje ukuthi wenze zonke izinqubo ngesikhathi esifanele, kepha futhi uthathe nezinyathelo zokuvimbela amagciwane ukuthi angangeni engadini. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele:

zokutshala, sebenzisa impahla efanelekayo yokutshala enempilo yezinhlobo ezisetshenzisiwe, ithengwe kangcono kwizithombo ezikhethekile.
ngaso sonke isikhathi hlikiza amathuluzi okusebenza ngamagciwane, ikakhulukazi lapho kuxhunyelelwa, ukuthenwa kanye nezinye izinqubo ezephula ubuqotho bezemboza zezitshalo,
uma ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa kunganikeli imiphumela emihle, umuthi kufanele ubhujiswe ngaphandle kwengadi, futhi indawo engadini ihlanzwe ngokuphelele ngamalungiselelo we-bactericidal, izixazululo zomanyolo, ithusi noma i-iron sulfate.

Ama-bacterium angama-bacterium anomthelela ongemuhle amalungiselelo ethusi: I-Bordeaux ketshezi, i-vitriol, i-chloride yethusi. Ukusetshenziswa kwabo ngokumelene nezifo zokukhunta ngasikhathi sinye kuvikela izihlahla ze-apula ezifweni ezingamagciwane.

Imikhiqizo eminingana ikhishiwe futhi isebenza kahle. imikhiqizo ye-bactericidal yemvelo isenzo esiqondisiwe: i-pentofag-C, i-haupsin, i-phytolavin (phytobacteriomycin), i-phytosporin, i-majir (ibhakede lokubulala), i-alirin-B. Imikhiqizo ekhiqizwayo yemvelo isuselwa kubaktheriya be-spore. Le mishanguzo ayinangozi ngokuphelele kumalungu omndeni, ezilwaneni nasezinambuzaneni ezizuzisayo. Imikhuba, izindlela nesikhathi nesikhathi sokwethulwa kwezidakamizwa kuchazwa ngokuningiliziwe emibhalweni ehambisana nezincomo zokusetshenziselwa isifo esithile namasiko athile.