Utamatisi yisivuno semifino esivame kakhulu phakathi kwezakhamizi zasehlobo ngenxa yezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene nezinzuzo ezinkulu zezithelo ekudleni kwabantu. Utamatisi usube isithako esiyintandokazi sezitsha eziningi zamakhosikazi asezindlini ngenxa yokusebenzisa kalula futhi amathuba okusebenzisa kokubili ukudla okuluhlaza nokungaboli. Utamatisi okhulayo unezimpawu zawo ukuze uthole isivuno sekhwalithi ephezulu. Sizocubungula kabanzi futhi sikhombise amaphuzu abalulekile esigabeni ngasinye.
Imbewu
Ngaphambi kokuchaza ukuthi ungawukhulisa kanjani utamatisi kahle, kufanele ume kwelinye lamaphuzu ayinhloko ahlotshaniswa nezinto zembewu. Ukukhetha imbewu kungenye yamaphuzu abaluleke kakhulu ekutholeni utamatisi. Impumelelo engaphezulu kwesigamu yokuyikhulisa incike kulokhu. Imbewu iqukethe lonke ikhono lesitshalo, elingatholakala ngezimo ezithile.
Lapho ukhetha imbewu katamatisi, amaphuzu alandelayo kufanele acatshangwe:
- idumela lomkhiqizi (inkampani esezisungule kahle iminyaka eminingana izopakisha kuphela imbewu esezingeni eliphakeme, ingabiza kakhulu, kepha lokhu kuzonikeza amathuba amakhulu okuthola izitshalo nezithelo ezichazwe kwiphakheji);
- ukufanelekela kwesifunda esikhulayo (endaweni ngayinye yezindawo eziyishumi nambili zokukhanya kukhona izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuthenga imbewu yendawo ekhonjisiwe, kepha kukhona lezo ezenzelwe iziza zasengadini ezingatshalwa yonke indawo);
- isidingo sokwakha izimo zokugcina ukushisa noma ezilungele inhlabathi evulekile (lapho ukhetha imbewu, udinga ukwazi inhloso yokutshala kwabo endaweni evikelekile noma ngaphandle kwayo, ngoba isivuno esimenyezelwe singatholakala kuphela ngaphansi kwezimo ezichazwe encazelweni);
- izinhlobonhlobo noma i-hybrid (njengomthetho, izitshalo ezi-hybrid zinamandla amakhulu esivuno uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlobonhlobo, kepha ezimweni ezingezinhle, izinhlobo zingazibonakalisa zingcono, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, imbewu ingaqoqwa kusuka ezitshalweni ezinhle kakhulu zokuzala kabusha);
- isivuno esingaba khona (kuyadingeka ukukhetha imbewu enekhono eliphakeme elingatholakala phakathi nenkathi);
- ukungatheleleki kwezifo ezithile nezinambuzane (le mpahla inciphisa inani lokwelashwa kwezitshalo ngamayeza okubulala izinambuzane futhi ithole izithelo ezingcono);
- uhlobo lwesihlahla nokuphakama kwaso (ukwazi imingcele yesitshalo, ungazikhethela uhlelo oluhle lokutshala bese ulungiselela ukwesekelwa kusengaphambili kwesiqu, uma kunesidingo);
- ukuvuthwa kusenesikhathi (imvamisa, ukuthola izithelo zangaphambilini, isivuno esiphelele siyancipha, ngakho-ke kuyatuswa ukuba nembewu yetamatisi yezinsuku ezahlukile zokuvuthwa ukuze kube nokunikezwa okufananayo kwemikhiqizo phakathi nenkathi);
- inhloso yesilimo (kufanele unqume ngokushesha ukuthi zizosetshenziselwa ini izithelo, ngakho-ke kunconyelwa ukuba nembewu yetamatisi yokusetshenziswa okusha, ukha amanzi, ujusi nepasta);
- ukwakheka nombala wezithelo (utamatisi ungatshalwa hhayi ngombala ojwayelekile obomvu, kepha futhi ngophuzi, owolintshi, opinki, omnyama, futhi ukwakheka kungahlukahluka kusuka kuflatsi-nxazonke kuya kumise okwe-plum);
- ukuqina kwepulpula (okuphezulu kokuqukethwe ushukela, kuyathandeka kakhudlwana izithelo okuthandekayo, ngakho-ke kungakuhle ukuthi unake le nkomba);
- ukumelana kwezithelo ekucindezelweni okwenziwa ngemishini (uma kudingekile ukuthutha izithelo kumabanga amade, kufanele kube nesikhumba esiminyene nesigaxa esinamanzi; utamatisi ngezidingo ezingezincane zale pharamitha kufanelekile ukusetshenziswa kwendawo).
Ukulungiselela imbewu
Isixazululo embuzweni wokuthi ungasilima kanjani isivuno esihle samatamatisi siqala ngokulungiswa kwembewu. Njengoba sengikhethe izinhlobo zesiza sakho, kuyadingeka ukwenza umsebenzi wokulungiselela. Uma imbewu isivele icutshungulwe ngumkhiqizi futhi inombala wesiginali, khona-ke izinyathelo ezengeziwe azenziwa. Kumbewu enombala onsundu okhanyayo onsundu futhi ene-pubescence encane, ngaphambi nje kokutshala, kwenziwa imisebenzi elandelayo ethuthukisa ikhwalithi yezithombo:
- ukuhlunga (ngesixazululo se-5% samanzi kasawoti wetafula kuphela imbewu egcwele iwela phansi, okuthi lapho esegeze emanzini agobhozayo, isetshenziselwe isigaba esilandelayo);
- ukubulala amagciwane (kungakapheli nemizuzu engama-20 bafakwa kwisisombululo esingu-1% se-potassium permanganate, esisusa ukutheleleka okungatheni okubangela isifo sokuhluma);
- ukukhafula (ukucebisa umoya-mpilo ngokomoya ngama-bubble emanzini kunikeza amandla wokuhluma okwengeziwe);
- ukuhluma (ukungena emanzini izinsuku ezingama-3-5, amahlumela okuqala avela futhi imbewu kufanele yenziwe lukhuni, ukuze imelane kangcono nezimo ezingezinhle);
- lukhuni (okwezinsuku ezi-5, imbewu ebilukiwe ibekwa esiqandisini ekushiseni kwama-+5 degrees, okuthuthukisa izakhiwo ezivumelanayo zezithombo ezizayo).
Ukuhlwanyela nokukhulisa izithombo zamatamatisi
Ukuthola izithombo ezisezingeni eliphakeme kungenye yezigaba ezibalulekile ekukhuleni utamatisi. Ngemuva kokulungiselela ngokuphelele imbewu, ihlwanyelwa ezinkomishini ezilungiselelwe ngomhlabathi wezakhi. Ungahlwanyela imbewu emibili noma emithathu endebe eyodwa, bese ushiya eyodwa kuphela ngemuva kokuhluma. Kukhona inketho yokuhlwanyela okokuqala kumakhasethi anamaseli wamasentimitha ayi-1.5x1.5, bese udlulisa izithombo lapho ufinyelela isigaba samaqabunga wangempela ayi-2 ku-izinkomishi ezinobubanziamasentimitha ayi-5. Zombili lezi zindlela zamukelekile, kepha eyesibili ilungeleke kakhulu, ngoba lokhu konga isikhala ngaphansi kwezithombo ngenyanga yokuqala yokulinyelwa.
Ukuthola izithombo ezisezingeni eliphakeme, kufanele kubhekwe izimo zokushisa ezilandelayo:
- kusuka ekuhlwanyelweni kuya ekuhlumeni kwezithombo + 24 ... +28 degrees;
- kufinyelela esigabeni 1-2 saleli shidi + 15 ... +18 degrees;
- kufinyelela esigabeni 3-4 sale sheet + 20 ... +22 degrees;
- esigabeni sokubonakala kwe-peduncle yokuqala + 22 ... +24 degrees.
Ukuthola izithombo ezingama- "stocky", kufafazwa izifutho ezintathu ngesisombululo se-Athlete esigabeni samaqabunga amabili, amane nane nesikhombisa. Lokhu kuzovikela izithombo ukuthi zingeluki.
Ubuchwepheshe bokukhulisa utamatisi endaweni ebamba ukushisa
Ngemuva kokudlulisela izithombo endaweni yokukhula njalo, utamatisi okhula endaweni ebamba ukushisa kubandakanya imisebenzi elandelayo:
- ukuchelela (kwenziwa lapho umswakama ongaphezulu komhlabathi ungaphansi kwama-75% wamandla omswakama ophelele wensimu, kunqunywa ngokucindezela inhlabathi ngenqindi, uma inhlama idilika, khona-ke ukunisela kuyadingeka);
- ethukulula inhlabathi (ngemuva kokuvela kokuqhekeka ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi, kufanele ichithwe ukukhululwa, okuzohlinzeka ngokungeziwe komoya ezimpandeni futhi kunciphise ukuhwamuka);
- Umanyolo (ukugqoka okuphezulu kwenziwa masonto onke ngomanyolo, lapho i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, i-potassium kungokulingana kwe-1: 3: 2 ngesilinganiso sama-gramu ayi-10 ngebhakede elilodwa lamalitha izitshalo ezi-5);
- ukwelashwa ngokumelene izinambuzane nezifo (prophylactically from ukutheleleka kufafazwe kusuka ekutshaleni izithombo njalo ngenyanga nge-1% Bordeaux liquid nge-10 ml yeFufanon ebhakedeni elinomthamo wamalitha ayi-10, kumiswa inyanga ngaphambi kokuvunwa);
- umdwebi (njengoba izitshalo zikhula, zinamathele ekusekelweni, ziboshwe ngezimbambo zendwangu noma zamawele);
- uthuli (ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwezimbali eziningi, ukuze kutholakale inani elikhudlwana lamaqanda, kuyadingeka ukuthi uthephe izitshalo ngesikhathi sasemini ukuze impova iphume futhi iwele phezu kwezihlakala zamaphayiphi);
- ukususwa kwendodana (izitshalo zakha ngokohlobo lwesihlahla);
- ukugawulwa kwamaqabunga aphansi (baveza ingxenye engaphansi yesiboko kusukela ngesikhathi sokugcwaliswa okugcwele kwebhulashi lokuqala ukuze kuthuthukiswe umoya omncane wezitshalo futhi kuvuse ukuvuthwa).
Ukuhambisana nale mibandela engenhla kususa eminye imibuzo, ukuthi ungakhula kanjani utamatisi endaweni eluhlaza.
Ngemuva kokuvuthwa kwezithelo kuqala, kwenziwa isampula yokuqala ukuze kukhiqizwe ezinye izithelo ezivuthiwe.
Ukutshala utamatisi emhlabathini ovulekile ngemuva kokudlulisa izithombo kuyafana nobuchwepheshe bohlaza abamba ukushisa.
