I-Cherry plum iyisiko elikhiqiza kakhulu futhi elikhula ngokushesha, elinekhono elihlukile lokuguquguquka, nezithelo zalo ezintsha nemikhiqizo esetshenzisiwe ine ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu. Ngenxa yezimpawu ezingenhla, i-cherry plum iya ngokuya ithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi unyaka nonyaka.
Endle nasisikweni, i-cherry iplamu isabalale endaweni yezintaba eTien Shan, iBalkan, eCentral nase-Asia Minor, e-Iran, eNyakatho neCaucasus naseTranscaucasia, eMoldova naseningizimu ye-Ukraine. ICherry iplamu itshalwa eRussia (endaweni yaseKrasnodar Territory, eRostov, Belgorod, Kursk, Voronezh, Bryansk nakwezinye izifunda), e-Ukraine, ezifundeni zase-Asia nase Ntshonalanga Yurophu.
I-Cherry iplamu (I-Prunus cerasifera), noma i-Plum isakazeka kabanzi, noma i-Plum cherry, enye yezindlela zokuqala zeplamu ekhaya. Isithelo sezithelo ezivela emndenini wePlum omndeni omncane wePlum.
Izihlahla zingezodwa noma zibunjiwe, zisuka ku-3 kuye ku-10 m mude, zinohlelo olwezimpande olwenziwe kahle nokufafaza okuyindilinga, okuvame kakhulu ukuba ngumqhele we-pyramidal. Isikhathi sokuphila sesihlahla yiminyaka engama-30-50. I-Cherry plum ibonakala ngokuvuthwa kokuqala nokukhiqiza okuphezulu (15-40 kg wezithelo ezihlahleni ngonyaka wesibili noma wesithathu ngemuva kokutshala).
Izithelo ze-cherry plum, noma i-plum zisakazwa. © BogdanIshiya kabanzi i-ovate, i-ovate, kwesinye isikhathi i-lanceolate. Izimbali zimhlophe, zipinki ophuzi, zivame ukungashadi, zinobubanzi obungu-20-40 mm, ziqhakaza ngasikhathi sinye ngamaqabunga noma ngaphambili. Izithelo ziyidrophisi enomumo oyindilinga noma ophambili, onesisindo kusuka ku-6 g ngezimo zasendle kuya ku-60 g kwezinye izinhlobo. Umbala wesikhumba se-fetus uhlukile - kusuka kuphuzi ophuzi kuya onsomi. I-pulp iluhlaza okotshani, ophuzi noma opinki, iqukethe ushukela ongu-4-14%, ama-asidi angama-2-4%, ama-pectin, ama-flavanoid, ama-anthocyanins, amavithamini A, C, B1, B2, E, P, PP. Izithelo ziqukethe ne-potassium, i-calcium, i-magnesium, i-phosphorus, i-sodium, i-iron, i-manganese, i-cobalt namanye amaminerali.
Izithelo ezomile ezisezingeni eliphakeme, ujamu, ujeli, amajusi, izicashunwa ezinamakha, isiraphu zilungiswa ezithelweni. Ithambo liyindilinga noma liyindilinga, liyisicaba noma i-convex, imvamisa ihlukaniswe kabi epulpiti. Umgogodla uqukethe kuze kufinyelele kuma-52% kawoyela, okungekho ngaphansi kwekhwalithi ye-almond. Ingasetjenziswa kumakha namakha.
Izithelo ze-cherry plum azizinambitheki futhi zinempilo kuphela, kepha futhi ziyokwelapha. Umphumela ophambili wokwelapha unikezwa amavithamini nama-pectins aqukethe kuwo. I-Cherry iplamu isetshenziselwa izifo zesisu, ikakhulukazi isikhumbuzo senhliziyo (ngokuhambisana nokudla).
Ukufakelwa
Kuthengisiwe ungathola izithombo zombili nezimpande ezixhunyekiwe. Njengesitoko se-cherry plum emzileni ophakathi, sebenzisa izithombo, ukusika okugxilile noma amahlumela we-plum yasekhaya, i-plum-cherry hybrid (SVG), izindlela ezinzile ze-cherry plum (13-113, 10-114, njll).
Cherry iplamu isihlahla. © Konrad KurzaczIzithombo ezine-system evulekile yezimpande zingatshalwa kahle endaweni ehlala njalo entwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuba ukuqhakaza kuqala ukuqhakaza. Izitshalo ezinesistimu yezimpande evaliwe zingatshalwa ngenkathi efudumele. Uma uzothenga izithombo ze-cherry plum, udinga ukuthatha kuphela lezo ezikhulile endaweni yakini. Uma uhlala, yithi, ngomgwaqo ophakathi nendawo, izinhlobo ezivela ezindaweni ezingaseningizimu kakhulu azingabekezeleli ubusika.
I-Cherry plum iyisitshalo esiseningizimu, futhi lapho ithola ilanga elithe xaxa, isivuno esikhulu futhi izithelo zimnandi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke kungcono ukutshala isihlahla eningizimu noma eningizimu-ntshonalanga ekhoneni lesakhiwo. Kuhle uma udonga lwendlu noma uganda lusimboza ngemimoya yasebusika.
Lapho ukhetha izitshalo zensimu, thintana nomthengisi ongakusiza ekutholeni izithombo zonyaka ezinesistimu yezimpande eyenziwe kahle futhi engenazo izimpawu zesifo.
Nge-cherry iplamu, umswakama, okhanywa kahle, othambile ovundile ungcono. Iningi lezinhlelo ze-plum izimpande ziba ngama-20-40 cm, ngakho-ke lesi sitshalo singakwazi ukukhuphuka ngamanzi aseduze komhlaba, simi ekujuleni kwe-1.5 m noma ngisho ne-1 m, kepha hhayi eduze. Ngokuvela okuseduze kwamanzi omhlaba, ukutshala endaweni ephakeme yokufakelwa kunconyiwe.
Amapayipi okutshala i-cherry plum ayembiwa ngemuva kwamamitha ayi-2-4, ngosayizi okungenani wama-60 cm³ futhi agcwele ingxube yomhlaba enempilo. Lapho ukhetha izingxenye zomxube wenhlabathi, landela imithetho eyisisekelo. Faka isihlabathi nokucwilisa enhlabathini yobumba, bese ufaka umhlabathi wenhlabathi. I-substrate kufanele ibe nomoya futhi uvunyelwe, unempilo. Galela - 300 g we-superphosphate no-30- 40 g we-potassium sulfate emgodini wokufika. I-Cherry plum ithanda inhlabathi engathathi hlangothi, ngakho-ke uma unenhlabathi ene-acidic, engeza ushoko, u-lime noma ufulawa we-dolomite. Futhi uma inhlabathi ine-alkaline, sebenzisa i-gypsum. I-Cherry iplamu ithanda inhlabathi ngokungathathi hlangothi kwemvelo. Ukunquma ukuthi i-acid inhlabathi kangakanani, ungasebenzisa izinkomba zokuhlola ezithengiswa kuyo yonke indawo engadini. Izinkomba ezinjalo kulula kakhulu ukuzisebenzisa futhi zikuvumela ukuthi unqume ngokushesha inani le-pH (acidity yenhlabathi).
Cherum iplamu. © AnRo0002Phansi komgodi, yakha indunduma lapho izimpande zesithombo zisatshalaliswa ngokulingene. Isithombo kufanele sifakwe ngendlela yokuthi, ngemuva kokutshala nokuxazulula inhlabathi, intamo yayo yomsuka isezingeni lomhlabathi. Ngemuva kwalokho gcwalisa umgodi ngenhlanganisela esele, uyiphambanise kancane
Lapho utshala i-cherry iplamu ngohlelo lwezimpande oluvaliwe, chitha uhlaka lomhlaba ngokucophelela. Ungakhohlwa ukunisela isitshalo ngisho nangemva kokutshala - noma ngabe lina. Isiqu sombuthano wesiyaluyalu ukulondoloza umswakama
Ukukhula
Ngokukhula kwe-cherry plum, ingxenye eseningizimu noma eningizimu-ntshonalanga yesiza iyafaneleka. Kuyalulekwa ukukhosela ekunqandeni emimoyeni ebusika ngendlela yodonga lwendlu noma kwesinye isakhiwo.
Ukunakekelwa kwekhwalithi, i-cherry plum izokubonga ngesivuno esihle. Uma kungekho sitshalo esinjalo siba nzima kakhulu, sigule futhi, ngenxa yalokho, siletha isivuno esincane sezithelo ezisezingeni eliphansi. Eminyakeni yokuqala emva kokutshala, ukunakekela ingxenye enkulu kuqukethe ukhula, ukuchelela nokulawula izinambuzane.
Kweminye iminyaka, izitshalo zisebenza ngokuqinile ekusebenziseni kukamanyolo futhi ziphendule ngokukhula okuhle kakhulu kanye nokukhiqiza okuthe xaxa. Ngesikhathi sokukhula, izitshalo zondliwa kathathu. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo - "eqhweni", ngesikhathi sokukhula kwamaqanda (ngoJuni) nangesikhathi sokubekwa kwamabhungane ekuvuneni konyaka olandelayo (Julayi). Endabeni yokwanda okunamandla kwamahlumela wonyaka, kusetshenziswa i-pinching ehlobo. NgoJuni - ekuqaleni kukaJulayi, amahlumela akhula ngokucophelela.
Umuthi omncane Cherry iplamu. © BasicdesignIzinhlobo
Izinhlobo eziningi ze-cherry plum azizithobi. Ngamanye amagama, impova evamile nokuvuna, kudingeka okungenani izinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukene. Amapulangwe noma ameva awalungele impova.
- 'Ruby' - ukuvuthwa kokuqala. Ubusika be-hardness buphakeme. Izithelo zibomvu mnyama. Uginindela ungwewolintshi, uju, unamakha.
- 'Granite' - Isikhathi sokuvuthwa esiphakathi sekwephuzile. Ubusika bunzima bungaphezulu kwesilinganiso. Izithelo ezinembozo ye-wax, inyama iphuzi, inejusi.
- 'Kutholakale' - ukuvuthwa kokuqala. Ubusika bunzima bungaphezulu kwesilinganiso. Izithelo zi-burgundy, inyama iphuzi, ujusi awunamibala, ukunambitheka kumnandi futhi kumuncu.
- 'Marquee' - ukuvuthwa kokuqala. Ubusika bunzima bungaphezulu kwesilinganiso. Izithelo ziyindilinga, ziphuzi ngokuhlaza okotshani obomvu; lapho sesivuthiwe, zingama-maroon, aminyene ngokuphelele.
- 'Huck' - ukuvuthwa okuphakathi nendawo. Ubusika bunzima Izithelo ziphuzi ngokugqamile, ezinezihlakala. Ipulpu liphuzi, liminyene.
Ukugoma
I-Cherry plum nayo ingatshalwa kusuka ezinhlanyelweni, kodwa isatshalaliswa ikakhulukazi ngokusikwa. Futhi indlela enhle ukugoma. Kwenziwa entwasahlobo ngezinsika lapho ama-buds angakaqhakali.
Umphumela omuhle unikezwa ngokugoma i-cherry plum cuttings emqhele we-plums. Kulokhu, uthola ngokushesha ngaphezu kokukodwa. Okokuqala, izinhlobo eziningana ze-cherry plum zingaxhunyaniswa emthini owodwa ngasikhathi sinye. Lokhu kuhle kungcoliswa futhi kulondolozwe isikhala. Asikho isidingo sokubheka amasayithi amabili okubamba esizeni. Ngokutshala igatsha le-cherry plum emqhele we-plum entwasahlobo, ungathola izithelo zokuqala ngonyaka olandelayo. Leli yiplamu yangaphambi kokusanhlamvu. Okwesibili, umphumela ongathandabuzekiyo wokuhlobisa: kwelinye igatsha - izithelo eziphuzi, kwelinye - i-maroon, kolwesithathu - obomvu. Okwesithathu, i-cherry plum ekhulayo epulini (iplamu isebenza njenge-skeletogen) ithembisa ukwandisa ubusika besitshalo.
I-Cherry plum, noma i-Plum isakazeke kabanzi, noma iPlum Cher (lat. Prunus cerasifera). © 4028mdk09Ukugqoka okuphezulu
I-Cherum iplamu ithanda umanyolo.
Yondla kathathu ngonyaka (ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngoJuni - ngesikhathi sokukhula kwamaqanda nangoJulayi), futhi izoletha isivuno esihle kakhulu.
Entwasahlobo, faka umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wamaminerali kanye ne-ammonium sulfate, futhi uma inhlabathi ine-acidic, i-lime-ammonium nitrate (30 g nge-1 m²). Ngaphansi kwezihlahla ezincane, uthela ungqimba womquba obolile noma womquba obukhulu obungu-2,5-5 cm, kodwa ukuze isiqu sihlale sihlanzekile.
Ehlobo, fakela iplamu ngamanyolo we-phosphorus-potassium.
