Phakathi kwemikhiqizo yezitshalo izitshalo zindawo ekhethekile. Amaprotheni emifino ebhontshisi esikhundleni sangempela sesilwane, futhi ukwakheka kukavithamini kanye namaminerali kwenza lo imifino ibe lusizo kakhulu. Phakathi kwezinhlobo zezitshalo eziningi, ubhontshisi oluhlaza okotshani noma i-asparagus ethatha indawo ekhethekile, inamagama amaningi.
Isizinda esingokomlando
Selokhu kwahlangana izizwe zasendulo, izindunduma bekulokhu kuyisiko eliyinhloko kwezolimo. Ubhontshisi nobhontshisi kwakotshwe ngamanani amakhulu. Amakhekhe afakwa kamuva. Ubhontshisi ngohlobo lwayo lwasekuqaleni lwalusetshenziswa izakhamizi zezwekazi laseMelika. Babelawula leli siko, bafunda ukukhula nokufuya izinhlobo ezintsha zezilwane. Kwakuyibo abahlukanisa isiko laba ngamabhontshisi, aluhlaza kanye nezinhlobo ze-lima.
Imbewu yobhontshisi nobhontshisi ihlanganisa ndawonye iqoqo lama-amino acid, ngaleyo ndlela akha amaprotheni adingekayo ukuze kube khona impilo. Ebantwini, iprotheni enjalo yomsuka wesitshalo ingukubuyiselwa okuphelele kwesilwane.
Ubhontshisi, njengamanye amabala, athandwa emhlabeni, angumkhiqizo wokudla futhi uhlala ezindaweni ezinkulu ezihlwanyelwe emhlabeni wonke. Uma ubhontshisi wangaphambilini ubelinywa kuphela ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele, manje kunezinhlobo zokuvuthwa zakuqala ezenze ukuthi kube lula ukuthola imifino ezitolo ezifuywayo eSiberia. Kaningi, ubhontshisi we-asparagus uyathandwa.
Ukukhula Bean
Ezinhlotsheni eziningi, isimo sezulu sezwe lethu sivumela ukutshalwa kukabhontshisi oluhlaza. I-Asparagus futhi uhlobo oluvamile lukabhontshisi. Ihluka ngobude be-pod, engafinyelela imitha futhi ukungabikho kwentambo yokuqinisa ku-pod kuqinile. Isitshalo se-thermophilic sitshalwa ngokusebenza esifundeni esiseNingizimu. Kodwa-ke, i-cottage engavamile yehlobo yenza ngaphandle kwezihlahla zikabhontshisi. Hlukanisa phakathi kwama-bushy kanye nama-curly Izinhlobo kabhontshisi aluhlaza.
Ngaphezu kweqiniso lokuthi isiko liyi-thermophilic, lingakhula ngempumelelo kuphela uma kuhlangatshezwana nemibandela elandelayo:
- ukukhetha okulungile kokuhlwanyela indawo nokulungiswa kwenhlabathi;
- ukuchelela kanye nokufaka umquba izitshalo;
- ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo zezinhlamvu zembewu;
- izifo nokulawula ukhula;
- ukuvuna ngesikhathi.
Ungatshala kanjani ubhontshisi ekhishini lasehlobo?
Inhlabathi kumele ibe lula, imele isihlabathi, ilungele amanzi asemhlabathini. Ezindaweni ezinomswakama osindayo, akufanele ulindele umphumela omuhle. Indawo elungiselelwe kufanele isulwe ukhula olungapheli, ivikelwe emimoyeni yasenyakatho futhi isendaweni evulekile yelanga.
Izinhlobo zama-Curly zingasetshenziselwa ukwenza ingadi yemvelo noma ikhule ngocingo lwamakhemikhali noma ngezinsizakalo ezikhethekile. Isihlahla sihlwanyelwa imigqa emibhedeni ephakanyisiwe. Ekuphakameni okunjalo, inhlabathi ifudumala ngokushesha, futhi ubhontshisi uqhume ngo-20-25.
Lapho ukuhlwanyela imbewu enhlabathini efudumele ngoJuni, izithombo zizovela emavikini angama-2-3, kuncike kumswakama womhlabathi oqhubekayo. Imbewu ifakwe ngaphambi kokutshala, ihlwanyelwe ekujuleni kuka-2-5 cm, ibanga phakathi kwezihlahla ezingaba ngu-10 cm nama-ais 25 cm cm, ngokuya ngobukhulu besihlahla sezinhlobo ezikhethiwe. Ungatshala kanjani ubhontshisi ukudala uthango oluhlaza futhi uthole isivuno? Lapho ukuhlwanyela imbewu, kusekelwa ngokushesha okusetshenziswayo okuqondile, kufakwa ohlangothini oluseningizimu yesakhiwo, bese imbewu itshalwe emugqeni owodwa. Ngemuva kwezithombo, isitshalo esinamandla kunazo zonke sishiywa emgodini, okusele kuphulwa ngaphandle ukuze kungalimali izimpande zesithombo esisele.
Ungalima kanjani ubhontshisi phakathi nenkathi yesizini?
Izitshalo ezincane esezikhulile zidinga ukukhululwa futhi zidulwe. Utshani bokhula kufanele bususwe phakathi nenkathi yonke; ubhontshisi abuthandi makhelwane nezinye izitshalo. Inquma umkhiqizo wokuqukethwe kwemibhede we-phosphorus nosawoti we-potassium kuwo. I-nitrogen eyi-organic ayithandi ubhontshisi, ingagula. Ngenkathi yokukhula, yona ngokwayo ithuthukisa inhlabathi nge-nitrogen, njengamanye amabala.
Kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka isitshalo ngokunisela okuningana ngesikhathi sokukhula. Lapho umswakama uthola isithako ngokwengeziwe, amaqabunga azoba mkhulu. Izitshalo ezisebenza njengodonga oluphilayo, zinciza endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-2, ukuze zingene ekugcwalisweni, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzoba nezimbali kuphela.
Ngesikhathi sokukhula ubhontshisi, kuzosiza ukuhlela ukugqoka okuphezulu ngomlotha noma nge-akhiphe umlotha. Konke ukugqoka okuphezulu kwenziwa kuphela emhlabathini omanzi. Ukuvuna kuncike ekuvuthweni. Njengoba ubhontshisi wentambo eluhlaza uvame ukusetshenziswa, asuswa kancane kancane ngezinyathelo eziningana ngesikhathi kusungulwa i-pod.
Ukuthuthuka kubhekwa njengokujwayelekile lapho ubhontshisi uqhuma ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-35- 40, ama-ovari avela emavikini ama-2. Kepha izinhlobo zakuqala zingakhiqiza izilimo ngezinsuku ezingama-45-60, ezisezingeni eliphakathi ngenyanga yesithathu, bese izinhlobo kamuva zikulungele ukuvuna ezinyangeni ezi-3 kuya kwezi-3,5.
Izinambuzane nezifo zeBhontshisi
Izilimo zikabhontshisi, njengakwezinye izindimu, zingathinteka:
- ama-slgs;
- isicabucabu mite;
- i-aphid;
- iminenke.
Ngobuchwepheshe obufanele bezolimo, umonakalo ungaba mncane. Akunakwenzeka ukusebenzisa amalungiselelo amakhemikhali ngesikhathi sokugcwalisa imidumba. Ungasebenzisa amakhambi abantu abaphendukayo. Izibuko zingabanjiswa.
Ukuze izitshalo zingaguli, kuyadingeka ukuncipha kokutshala, ngoba i-anthracose ihlala yandulelwa yisimo sezulu esingesihle isikhathi eside nezitshalo eziwugqinsi. Lapho izifo zefungus zivela esihlahleni esisodwa, kungcono ukusisusa ukuze lesi sifo singasakazeki emahlathini angomakhelwane. Ngokuvimbela izifo, isixazululo se-serum esisetshenzisweni se-1: 5 ngamanzi singasetshenziswa.
Ungaqoqa kanjani ubhontshisi obuluhlaza nokuthi ungazigcina kuphi izilimo
Kuyadingeka ukuqoqa ubhontshisi oluhlaza kanye ne-asparagus izikhathi eziningi, ukuvimbela ukuguquka kwayo kusuka ubisi lobisi lube i-wax. Ubhontshisi oshintshiwe uba namabala, athole ulaka futhi alungele ukukhiqizwa kwembewu kuphela.
Ukhipha amathanga amancanyana, isitshalo sikhuthaza ukwakhiwa kwezithelo ezintsha. Ngakho-ke, ngokuhlanza njalo, isivuno sesitshalo siphakeme. Ngaphambi kokuqoqa ubhontshisi oluhlaza, udinga ukucabanga ngezindlela zokuligcina. Umkhiqizo omusha awulungele ukugcinwa, ngakho-ke, kufanele uhlelele ukuqandelwa kwamakhambi noma ukulondolozwa.
Uma ubhontshisi usongwe, awulungele ukusetshenziswa emaphondweni, kepha kusesekuseni kakhulu ukukha imbewu. Ngakho-ke, ekugcineni kungenzeka ususe ubhontshisi engadini lapho pods omile futhi amaqabunga eqala ukuvula. Isikhathi sokuvuthwa okugcwele ngqo sincike ezinhlobonhlobo kabhontshisi. Ukuze uvimbele ubhontshisi ungamanzi nemvula, izitshalo zidonswa phansi emhlabathini, ziboshwe ngomshanelo bese zibekelwa ukomiswa egumbini lokuphamba. Kamuva umshanelo uyabhulwa.
